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Dimethyl ether production in the presence of hexagonal boron nitride supported catalysts

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 120 - 128, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.1483085

Abstract

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has recently attracted attention due to its properties such as high thermal conductivity, electrical insulation, and chemical and mechanical durability. Moreover, thanks to its mesoporous structure, it is also suitable for use as a support material in alternative fuel production reactions. The aim of the study is to investigate the use of Hbn as a catalyst support material in the alternative fuel production reaction and to perform catalytic activity tests in dimethyl ether (DME) production studies by dehydration of methanol (MeOH). For this purpose, silicotungstic acid (STA) was loaded into the structure of hBN at different rates (1, 4, and 8% by mass) by the impregnation method, and the surface acidity of the material was increased. The synthesised catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption (BET), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) techniques of pyridine-adsorbed samples. Activity tests of the catalysts were carried out at different reaction temperatures (200-300 °C) and different weight hourly space velocity (WHSV, 0.25-0.5 and 1.0 h−1). Thus, the effect of reaction temperature and flow rate on DME selectivity and MeOH conversion was examined. As a result of the study, 100% DME selectivity was achieved with the 8STA@hBN catalyst at 275°C. hBN supported catalysts showed high activity in the dehydration reaction of methanol, as the number of Bronsted acid sites increased with the increase in the amount of STA in the structure of the catalysts. In addition, high reaction temperature positively affected MeOH conversion and DME selectivity. The results obtained from the study showed that STA-containing hBN catalysts may be a suitable option to produce dimethyl ether, an alternative fuel source.

References

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  • [4] Dogan, M. Y., Tasdemir, H. M., Arbag, H., Yasyerli, N., & Yasyerli, S. (2024). H2 production via H2S decomposition over activated carbon supported Fe-and W367 catalysts. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 75, 483-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.316
  • [5] Dogan, M. Y., Arbag, H., Tasdemir, H. M., Yasyerli, N., & Yasyerli, S. (2023). Effect of ceria content in Ni-Ce- Al catalyst on catalytic performance and carbon/coke formation in dry reforming of CH4. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48(60), 23013-23030. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.04.011
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  • [7] Tokay, K. C., Dogu, T., & Dogu, G. (2012). Dimethyl ether synthesis over alumina based catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 184, 278-285. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.12.034
  • [8] Ciftci, A., Varisli, D., Tokay, K. C., Sezgi, N. A., & Dogu, T. (2012). Dimethyl ether, diethyl ether & ethylene from alcohols over tungstophosphoric acid based mesoporous catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 207, 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.016
  • [9] Pekmezci Karaman, B., Oktar, N., Doğu, G., & Doğu, T. (2020). Bifunctional silicotungstic acid and tungstophosphoric acid impregnated Cu-Zn-Al & Cu- Zn-Zr catalysts for dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas. Catalysis Letters, 150, 2744-2761. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10562-020-03171-6
  • [10] Arya, P. K., Tupkari, S., Satish, K., Thakre, G. D., & Shukla, B. M. (2016). DME blended LPG as a cooking fuel option for Indian household: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 1591-1601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.007
  • [11] Dadgar, F., Myrstad, R., Pfeifer, P., Holmen, A., & Venvik, H. J. (2016). Direct dimethyl ether synthesis from synthesis gas: The influence of methanol dehydration on methanol synthesis reaction. Catalysis Today, 270, 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.09.024
  • [12] Hosseininejad, S., Afacan, A., & Hayes, R. E. (2012). Catalytic and kinetic study of methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 90(6), 825-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cherd.2011.10.007
  • [13] Yang, Q., Zhang, H., Kong, M., Bao, X., Fei, J., & Zheng, X. (2013). Hierarchical mesoporous ZSM-5 for the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 34(8), 1576-1582. https://doi. org/10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60621-4
  • [14] Palomo, J., Rodríguez-Cano, M. A., Berruezo-García, J., Rodríguez-Mirasol, J., & Cordero, T. (2022). Efficient methanol dehydration to DME and light hydrocarbons by submicrometric ZrO2-ZSM-5 fibrillar catalysts with a shell-like structure. Fuel, 315, 123283. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123283
  • [15] Celik, G., Arinan, A., Bayat, A., Ozbelge, H. O., Dogu, T., & Varisli, D. (2013). Performance of Silicotungstic Acid Incorporated Mesoporous Catalyst in Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from Syngas in the Presence and Absence of CO2. Topics in Catalysis, 56, 1764-1774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-013-0112-4
  • [16] Bateni, H., & Able, C. (2019). Development of heterogeneous catalysts for dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether: A Review. Catalysis in Industry, 11, 7-33. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050419010045
  • [17] Degirmencioglu, P., & Arbag, H. (2023). Acid treatment to improve total light olefins selectivity of HZSM-5 catalyst in methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48(12), 16123- 16136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08067-2
  • [18] Bayat, A., & Dogu, T. (2016). Optimization of CO2/CO ratio and temperature for dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas over a new bifunctional catalyst pair containing heteropolyacid impregnated mesoporous alumina. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 55(44), 11431-11439. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03001
  • [19] Karaman, B. P., Oktar, N., Doğu, G., & Dogu, T. (2022). Heteropolyacid incorporated bifunctional core-shell catalysts for dimethyl ether synthesis from carbon dioxide/syngas. Catalysts, 12(10), 1102. https://doi. org/10.3390/catal12101102
  • [20] Karaman, B. P., & Oktar, N. (2020). Tungstophosphoric acid incorporated hierarchical HZSM-5 catalysts for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(60), 34793-34804. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.07.044
  • [21] Postole, G., Caldararu, M., Ionescu, N. I., Bonnetot, B., Auroux, A., & Guimon, C. (2005). Boron nitride: A high potential support for combustion catalysts. Thermochimica Acta, 434(1-2), 150-157. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tca.2005.01.007
  • [22] Lin, C., Wu, J. C. S., Pan, J., & Yeh, C., (2002). Characterization of boron-nitride-supported PT catalysts for the deep oxidation of benzene. Journal of Catalysis, 210(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1006/ jcat.2002.3638
  • [23] Özkurt, J., & Ay, N. (2023). Lüminesans özellik gösteren hekzagonal bor nitrür üretiminin araştırılması. Journal of Boron, 8(special issue), 12-18. https://doi. org/10.30728/boron.1266900
  • [24] Elmusa, B., & Ay, N. (2022). Lityum iyon pilleri ayırıcılarında hekzagonal bor nitrür kullanımı ve gelişmeler. Journal of Boron, 7(1), 440-452. https://doi. org/10.30728/boron.1008704
  • [25] Guvenc, C., Alan, E., Degirmencioglu, P., Ozcan, M. C., Karaman, B. P., & Oktar, N. (2023). Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil model mixtures in the presence of microporous HZSM-5 and γ-Al2O3 based Ni, Ta and Zr catalysts. Fuel, 350, 128870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. fuel.2023.128870
  • [26] Ibrahim, S. A., Ekinci, E. K., Karaman, B. P., & Oktar, N. (2021). Coke-resistance enhancement of mesoporous γ-Al2O3 and MgO-supported Ni-based catalysts for sustainable hydrogen generation via steam reforming of acetic acid. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(77), 38281-38298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijhydene.2021.09.084
  • [27] Zhu, L., Lian, G., Tan, M., Wang, Q., Zhao, X., Cui, D., & Tao, X. (2008). Reaction of hexagonal boron nitride nano-crystals under mild hydrothermal conditions. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, 63(6), 742-746. https:// doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0623
  • [28] Varışlı, D., Tokay, K. C., Çiftçi, A., Doğu, T., & Doğu, G. (2009). Methanol dehydration reaction to produce clean diesel alternative dimethylether over mesoporous aluminosilicate-based catalysts. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 33(3), 355-366. https://doi.org/10.3906/ kim-0809-31
  • [29] Yaripour, F., Baghaei, F., Schmidt, I. B., & Perregaard, J. (2005). Catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) over solid-acid catalysts. Catalysis Communications, 6(2), 147-152. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.catcom.2004.11.012
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Hekzagonal bor nitrür destekli katalizörler varlığında dimetil eter üretimi

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 120 - 128, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.1483085

Abstract

Hekzagonal bor nitrür (hBN), yüksek ısıl iletkenliği, elektriksel yalıtkanlığı, kimyasal ve mekanik dayanıklılığı gibi özellikleriyle son zamanlarda dikkat çeken bir malzemedir. Ayrıca, mezogözenekli yapısı sayesinde alternatif yakıt üretimi reaksiyonlarında destek malzemesi olarak kullanıma da uygundur. Çalışmanın amacı, hBN’nin alternatif yakıt üretimi reaksiyonunda katalizör destek malzemesi olarak kullanımının araştırılması ve metanolün (MeOH) dehidrasyonu ile dimetil eter (DME) üretimi çalışmalarında katalitik aktivite testlerinin gerçekleştirilmesidir. Bu amaçla, hBN yapısına farklı oranlarda (kütlece %1, 4 ve 8) silikotungstik asit (STA) emdirme yöntemiyle yüklenmiş ve malzemenin yüzey asitliği artırılmıştır. Sentezlenen katalizörler X-ışını difraktometresi (XRD), N2 adsorpsiyon/desorpsiyon (BET), endüktif olarak eşleştirilmiş plazma-optik emisyon spektrometrisi (ICP-OES), taramalı elektron mikroskobu-enerji dispersiv spektrum (SEMEDS) ve piridin-adsorplanmış numunelerin difüz yansıma kızılötesi Fourier dönüşüm spektroskopisi (DRIFTS) teknikleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Katalizörlerin aktivite testleri ise farklı reaksiyon sıcaklıklarında (200-300 °C) ve farklı kütlece saatlik boşluk hızlarında (WHSV, 0,25-0,5 ve 1,0 saat−1) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece reaksiyon sıcaklığının ve akış hızının DME seçiciliğine ve MeOH dönüşümüne etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda 8STA@hBN katalizörü ile 275°C’de %100 DME seçiciliği elde edilmiştir. Katalizörlerin yapısındaki STA miktarının artmasıyla Bronsted asit siteleri arttığından hBN destekli katalizörler metanolün dehidrasyon reaksiyonunda yüksek aktivite göstermiştir. Ayrıca yüksek reaksiyon sıcaklığı da MeOH dönüşümü ile DME seçiciliğini olumlu etkilemiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, STA içerikli hBN katalizörlerinin, alternatif yakıt kaynağı olan dimetil eterin üretimi için uygun bir seçenek olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Thanks

Bu çalışmaya yaptıkları destekten dolayı Ulusal Bor Araştırma Enstitüsüne ve değerli yorumlarından dolayı Gazi Üniversitesi Öğretim Üyesi Prof. Dr. Nuray OKTAR’a teşekkür ederim.

References

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  • [2] Kritsanaviparkporn, E., Baena-Moreno, F. M., & Reina, T. R. (2021). Catalytic converters for vehicle exhaust: Fundamental aspects and technology overview for newcomers to the field. Chemistry, 3(2), 630-646. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry3020044
  • [3] Bikis, A., & Pandey, D. (2022). Air quality at public transportation stations/stops: contribution of light rail transit to reduce air pollution. Aerosol Science and Engineering, 6(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s41810-021-00119-0
  • [4] Dogan, M. Y., Tasdemir, H. M., Arbag, H., Yasyerli, N., & Yasyerli, S. (2024). H2 production via H2S decomposition over activated carbon supported Fe-and W367 catalysts. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 75, 483-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.316
  • [5] Dogan, M. Y., Arbag, H., Tasdemir, H. M., Yasyerli, N., & Yasyerli, S. (2023). Effect of ceria content in Ni-Ce- Al catalyst on catalytic performance and carbon/coke formation in dry reforming of CH4. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48(60), 23013-23030. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.04.011
  • [6] Ozcan, M. C., Karaman, B. P., Oktar, N., &Dogu, T. (2022). Dimethyl ether from syngas and effect of CO2 sorption on product distribution over a new bifunctional catalyst pair containing STA@ SBA-15. Fuel, 330(15), 125607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125607
  • [7] Tokay, K. C., Dogu, T., & Dogu, G. (2012). Dimethyl ether synthesis over alumina based catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 184, 278-285. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.12.034
  • [8] Ciftci, A., Varisli, D., Tokay, K. C., Sezgi, N. A., & Dogu, T. (2012). Dimethyl ether, diethyl ether & ethylene from alcohols over tungstophosphoric acid based mesoporous catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 207, 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.04.016
  • [9] Pekmezci Karaman, B., Oktar, N., Doğu, G., & Doğu, T. (2020). Bifunctional silicotungstic acid and tungstophosphoric acid impregnated Cu-Zn-Al & Cu- Zn-Zr catalysts for dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas. Catalysis Letters, 150, 2744-2761. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10562-020-03171-6
  • [10] Arya, P. K., Tupkari, S., Satish, K., Thakre, G. D., & Shukla, B. M. (2016). DME blended LPG as a cooking fuel option for Indian household: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 53, 1591-1601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.007
  • [11] Dadgar, F., Myrstad, R., Pfeifer, P., Holmen, A., & Venvik, H. J. (2016). Direct dimethyl ether synthesis from synthesis gas: The influence of methanol dehydration on methanol synthesis reaction. Catalysis Today, 270, 76-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2015.09.024
  • [12] Hosseininejad, S., Afacan, A., & Hayes, R. E. (2012). Catalytic and kinetic study of methanol dehydration to dimethyl ether. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 90(6), 825-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cherd.2011.10.007
  • [13] Yang, Q., Zhang, H., Kong, M., Bao, X., Fei, J., & Zheng, X. (2013). Hierarchical mesoporous ZSM-5 for the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 34(8), 1576-1582. https://doi. org/10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60621-4
  • [14] Palomo, J., Rodríguez-Cano, M. A., Berruezo-García, J., Rodríguez-Mirasol, J., & Cordero, T. (2022). Efficient methanol dehydration to DME and light hydrocarbons by submicrometric ZrO2-ZSM-5 fibrillar catalysts with a shell-like structure. Fuel, 315, 123283. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123283
  • [15] Celik, G., Arinan, A., Bayat, A., Ozbelge, H. O., Dogu, T., & Varisli, D. (2013). Performance of Silicotungstic Acid Incorporated Mesoporous Catalyst in Direct Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether from Syngas in the Presence and Absence of CO2. Topics in Catalysis, 56, 1764-1774. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-013-0112-4
  • [16] Bateni, H., & Able, C. (2019). Development of heterogeneous catalysts for dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether: A Review. Catalysis in Industry, 11, 7-33. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070050419010045
  • [17] Degirmencioglu, P., & Arbag, H. (2023). Acid treatment to improve total light olefins selectivity of HZSM-5 catalyst in methanol to olefins (MTO) reaction. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 48(12), 16123- 16136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08067-2
  • [18] Bayat, A., & Dogu, T. (2016). Optimization of CO2/CO ratio and temperature for dimethyl ether synthesis from syngas over a new bifunctional catalyst pair containing heteropolyacid impregnated mesoporous alumina. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 55(44), 11431-11439. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03001
  • [19] Karaman, B. P., Oktar, N., Doğu, G., & Dogu, T. (2022). Heteropolyacid incorporated bifunctional core-shell catalysts for dimethyl ether synthesis from carbon dioxide/syngas. Catalysts, 12(10), 1102. https://doi. org/10.3390/catal12101102
  • [20] Karaman, B. P., & Oktar, N. (2020). Tungstophosphoric acid incorporated hierarchical HZSM-5 catalysts for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45(60), 34793-34804. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.07.044
  • [21] Postole, G., Caldararu, M., Ionescu, N. I., Bonnetot, B., Auroux, A., & Guimon, C. (2005). Boron nitride: A high potential support for combustion catalysts. Thermochimica Acta, 434(1-2), 150-157. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tca.2005.01.007
  • [22] Lin, C., Wu, J. C. S., Pan, J., & Yeh, C., (2002). Characterization of boron-nitride-supported PT catalysts for the deep oxidation of benzene. Journal of Catalysis, 210(1), 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1006/ jcat.2002.3638
  • [23] Özkurt, J., & Ay, N. (2023). Lüminesans özellik gösteren hekzagonal bor nitrür üretiminin araştırılması. Journal of Boron, 8(special issue), 12-18. https://doi. org/10.30728/boron.1266900
  • [24] Elmusa, B., & Ay, N. (2022). Lityum iyon pilleri ayırıcılarında hekzagonal bor nitrür kullanımı ve gelişmeler. Journal of Boron, 7(1), 440-452. https://doi. org/10.30728/boron.1008704
  • [25] Guvenc, C., Alan, E., Degirmencioglu, P., Ozcan, M. C., Karaman, B. P., & Oktar, N. (2023). Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil model mixtures in the presence of microporous HZSM-5 and γ-Al2O3 based Ni, Ta and Zr catalysts. Fuel, 350, 128870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. fuel.2023.128870
  • [26] Ibrahim, S. A., Ekinci, E. K., Karaman, B. P., & Oktar, N. (2021). Coke-resistance enhancement of mesoporous γ-Al2O3 and MgO-supported Ni-based catalysts for sustainable hydrogen generation via steam reforming of acetic acid. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(77), 38281-38298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ijhydene.2021.09.084
  • [27] Zhu, L., Lian, G., Tan, M., Wang, Q., Zhao, X., Cui, D., & Tao, X. (2008). Reaction of hexagonal boron nitride nano-crystals under mild hydrothermal conditions. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, 63(6), 742-746. https:// doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-0623
  • [28] Varışlı, D., Tokay, K. C., Çiftçi, A., Doğu, T., & Doğu, G. (2009). Methanol dehydration reaction to produce clean diesel alternative dimethylether over mesoporous aluminosilicate-based catalysts. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 33(3), 355-366. https://doi.org/10.3906/ kim-0809-31
  • [29] Yaripour, F., Baghaei, F., Schmidt, I. B., & Perregaard, J. (2005). Catalytic dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether (DME) over solid-acid catalysts. Catalysis Communications, 6(2), 147-152. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.catcom.2004.11.012
  • [30] Fu, Y., Hong, T., Chen, J., Auroux, A., & Shen, J. (2005). Surface acidity and the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether. Thermochimica Acta, 434(1-2), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2004.12.02
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Inorganic Chemistry (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Birce Pekmezci 0000-0002-9051-2354

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date May 13, 2024
Acceptance Date August 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Pekmezci, B. (2024). Hekzagonal bor nitrür destekli katalizörler varlığında dimetil eter üretimi. Journal of Boron, 9(3), 120-128. https://doi.org/10.30728/boron.1483085