Değişen Dünyanın En Sinsi Silahı: Göç

Öz

Günümüzde savaş algısının değişmesi ve konvansiyonel savaşların yerini yeni nesil savaşların alması ile, devletler ve devlet dışı aktörlerin hedeflerine ulaşmak için başvurdukları araç ve yöntemler de değişime uğramıştır. Bu tür alışılmışın dışındaki araçlardan biri de, insan göçü ve özellikle toplu göçlerdir. Bu çerçevede, göç hareketlerinin, devlet ve devlet dışı aktörler tarafından, çeşitli amaçlarına ulaşmada, adeta bir silah olarak kullanımı artmış; bu silahın, özellikle kötü niyetli güçlerin elinde, ne kadar etkili olabileceği bugüne kadar yaşanan pek çok tecrübede görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada da esasen, kullanımı günden güne artan; ancak akademide yeterince çalışılmamış olan “göçün silahlaştırılması” konusunda kavramsal bir çerçeve sunularak, okuyucuya farkındalık kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Zira, son derece etkili bir silah olmasına rağmen, görünüşte şiddet içermediği ve çoğu zaman gizli kapaklı yöntemlerle gerçekleştirildiği için göçün silahlaştırıldığı durumları fark etmek genellikle kolay olmamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, başta devletler olmak üzere, gerek uluslararası alanda faaliyet gösteren tüm aktörleri, gerekse milyonlarca insanın yaşamını yoğun olarak etkilemekte olan göçün silahlaştırılması kavramı konusundaki farkındalığın artırılması, bu konuda savunma mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesi ve çeşitlendirilmesi konusunda politika yapıcıların teşvik edilmesi bakımından da önemli görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göç
• Kitlesel Göç
• Hibrit Tehdit
• Hibrit Savaş
• Göçün Silahlaştırılması
• Göçün Araçsallaştırılması

The Most Insidious Weapon of the Changing World: Migration

Abstract

In today’s world, with changes in the perception of war and the replacement of conventional war by a new generation of wars, the tools and methods used by states and non-state actors for reaching their goals have changed, as well. One of these unconventional tools is human migration, and especially mass migration. In this framework, the use of migration as a weapon of sorts by states and non-state actors for reaching their various goals has increased, and the extent of the influence of this weapon, particularly in the hands of actors with evil intent, can be seen very clearly from experiences to date. The aim of the present study is to raise awareness among readers by creating a conceptual framework for the “weaponization of migration,” a phenomenon that is increasing daily but has not been sufficiently studied academically yet. Since it does not reflect violence externally and is mostly conducted through discreet methods, it is difficult to distinguish when migration is being used as a weapon, in spite of its power. Therefore, raising awareness of the weaponization of migration, which is affecting the lives of all actors engaged in the international arena and especially states, as well as millions of people, is significant, and policymakers should be encouraged to develop and diversify defense mechanisms.

Keywords

• Migration
• Mass Migration
• Hybrid Threat
• Hybrid Warfare
• Weaponization of Migration
• Migration Instrumentalization

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