Changes in Stomatal Properties of Safflower Cultivars Under Salinity

Year 2023, , 246 - 253, 01.05.2023

Nurgül Ergin , Mehmet Demir Kaya

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1229854

Abstract

The stomatal characteristics in the leaves play a key role to adapt to several abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, and salinity. This study was conducted at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Eskişehir Osmangazi University in 2022 in order to examine the abaxial and adaxial stomatal properties of 9 safflower cultivars (Dinçer 5-18-1, Remzibey-05, Balcı, Yekta, Linas, Olas, Olein, Safir, and Zirkon) under salt stress (100 mM NaCl). The density, width, length, size, and index of the stomata were measured. The data was analyzed by a two-factor factorial in completely randomized design. The results showed that significant differences for all stomatal features of the safflower cultivars were determined. The stomata density changed with safflower cultivars between 143 and 57 number mm-2 and stomata size was observed as 510-698 µm2. The number of abaxial stomata was higher than the adaxial part of leaves and the stomatal density on the abaxial part of six safflower cultivars (Remzibey-05, Balcı, Yekta, Olas, Olein, and Safir) was decreased by salinity. In addition, abnormal stomata were observed in salt-affected cultivars of Dinçer 5-18-1, Remzibey-05, Yekta, Olein, and Zirkon. The stomata density mainly depended on genetic factors, suggesting that it should be used for separating safflower cultivars, but they declined considerably by salinity. It was concluded that stomatal properties should be considered to clarify the salt tolerance of safflower genotypes.

Keywords

Carthamus tinctorius L., Stomata density, Genotype, NaCl

References

• Babosha A, Kumachova T, Ryabchenko A, Komarova G. 2022. Microrelief of the leaf epidermis and stomatal polymorphism of Malus orientalis, Pyrus caucasica and Mespilus germanica in mountains and plains. Flora, 291: 152074.
• Bray S, Reid DM. 2002. The effect of salinity and CO2 enrichment on the growth and anatomy of the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris. Can J Bot, 80(4): 349-359.
• Bresler E, Mcneal BL, Carter DL. 2012. Saline and Sodic Soils: Principles - Dynamics - Modeling. Springer Science, Business Media, Berlin, Germany,pp: 236.
• Choi B, Ahn YE, Jang TS. 2022. Implications of foliar epidermal micromorphology using light and scanning electron microscopy: A useful tool in taxonomy of Korean irises. Microsc Res Tech, 85(7): 2549-2557.
• Cavusoglu K, Kiliç S, Kabar K. 2007. Effects of pretreatments of some growth regulators on the stomata movements of barley seedlings grown under saline (NaCl) conditions. Plant Soil Environ, 53(12): 551-557.
• Çimen B, Yeşiloğlu T, İncesu M, Yilmaz B, Kaçar YA. 2016. Production of tetraploid plants of some citrus genotypes. Derim, 33(2): 175-188.
• Dikobe TB, Mashile B, Sinthumule RR, Ruzvidzo O. 2021. Distinct morpho-physiological responses of maize to salinity stress. Am J Plant Sci, 12(6): 946-959.
• El-Kady MS, Abu-Ellail FF, El-Laboudy EHS. 2021. Evaluation of some sugar beet varieties under water salinity stress in new reclaimed land. J Plant Prod, 12(1): 63-72.
• Ergin N, Kulan EG, Gözükara MA, Kaya MF, Çetin ŞÖ, Kaya MD. 2021a. Response of germination and seedling development of cotton to salinity under optimal and suboptimal temperatures. KSU J Agric Nat, 24(1): 108-115.
• Ergin N, Kaya MF, Kaya MD. 2021b. Stomatal characteristics of some safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. ISPEC 8th International Conference on Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Rural Development, 24-25 December, Bingöl, Türkiye, pp: 695-704.
• Gan Y, Zhou L, Shen ZJ, Shen ZX, Zhang YQ, Wang GX. 2010. Stomatal clustering, a new marker for environmental perception and adaptation in terrestrial plants. Bot Stud, 51(3): 325-336.
• Hamani AKM, Li S, Chen J, Amin AS, Wang G, Xiaojun S, Zain M, Gao Y. 2021. Linking exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine and stomatal characteristics with salinity stress tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings. BMC Plant Biol, 21(1): 1-12.
• Hasanuzzaman M, Raihan MRH, Masud AAC, Rahman K, Nowroz F, Rahman M, Nahar K, Fujita M. 2021. Regulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under salinity. Int J Mol Sci, 22(17): 9326.
• Hedrich R, Shabala S. 2018. Stomata in a saline world. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 46: 87-95.
• Kaya MD, Akdoğan G, Kulan EG, Dağhan H, Sari A. 2019. Salinity tolerance classification of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) by cluster and principal component analysis. Appl Ecol Environ Res, 17(2): 3849-3857.
• Khan D, Shaukat SS, Zaki MJ. 2018. Foliar ornamentation of serpentine sunflower (Helianthus bolanderi A. Gray; family Asteraceae). Int J Biol Biotechnol, 15(1): 71-84.
• Kiani-Pouya A, Rasouli F, Rabbi B, Falakboland Z, Yong M, Chen ZH, Zhou M, Shabala S. 2020. Stomatal traits as a determinant of superior salinity tolerance in wild barley. J Plant Physiol, 245: 153108.
• Kilic S, Kahraman A. 2016. The mitigation effects of exogenous hydrogen peroxide when alleviating seed germination and seedling growth inhibition on salinity-induced stress in barley. Pol J Environ Stud, 25(3): 1053-1059.
• Kumar P, Choudhary M, Halder T, Prakash NR, Singh V, Sheoran S, Ravikiran KT, Longmei N, Rakshit S, Siddique KH. 2022. Salinity stress tolerance and omics approaches: revisiting the progress and achievements in major cereal crops. Heredity, 128: 497-518.
• Mandal M, Mitra S, Maity D. 2012. Structure of polymorphic stomata in Canella winterena (L.) Geartn.(Canellaceae). Feddes Repert, 123(4): 295-303.
• Mohamed IA, Shalby N, Bai C, Qin M, Agami RA, Jie K, Wang B, Zhou G. 2020. Stomatal and photosynthetic traits are associated with investigating sodium chloride tolerance of Brassica napus L. cultivars. Plants, 9: 62.
• Munis MFH, Tu L, Ziaf K, Tan J, Deng F, Zhang X. 2010. Critical osmotic, ionic and physiological indicators of salinity tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for cultivar selection. Pak J Bot, 42(3): 1685-1694.
• Pitaloka MK, Caine RS, Hepworth C, Harrison EL, Sloan J, Chutteang C, Phunthong C, Nongngok R, Toojinda T, Ruengphayak S, Arikit S, Gray JE, Vanavichit A. 2022. Induced genetic variations in stomatal density and size of rice strongly affects water use efficiency and responses to drought stresses. Front Plant Sci, 13: 801706.
• Reynolds-Henne CE, Langenegger A, Mani J, Schenk N, Zumsteg A, Feller U. 2010. Interactions between temperature, drought and stomatal opening in legumes. Environ Exp Bot, 68(1): 37-43.
• Roudbari Z, Saba J, Shekari F. 2012. Use of physiological parameters as tools to screen drought tolerant safflower genotypes. Inter Res J Appl Basic Sci, 3(12): 2374.
• Silva DMR, Dos Santos JCC, Do Rosário Rosa V, Dos Santos ALF, De Almeida Silva M. 2022. Tolerance to water deficiency in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) modulated by potassium fertilization. Acta Physiol Plant, 44(10): 1-21.
• Yan H, Shah SS, Zhao W, Liu F. 2020. Variations in water relations, stomatal characteristics, and plant growth between quinoa and pea under salt-stress conditions. Pak J Bot, 52(1): 1-7.