Estimation of Crop Water Requirement for Tomato Plant in Afgoye-Somalia, Using CROPWAT 8.0 Model

Year 2023, , 664 - 670, 01.11.2023

Yasin Mohamed Ibrahım

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1340670

Abstract

Crop water requirement or crop evapotranspiration is a vital parameter for irrigation, and it is necessary to determine the quantity of water to be applied for irrigation and develop an effective irrigation schedule. CROPWAT 8.0, decision-support computer software developed by the United Nations Food Agriculture Organization, is used to calculate crop water requirements. In this paper, the CROPWAT 8.0 model was used to estimate the water requirements of tomato crops in Afgoye. The model estimated that the reference evapotranspiration throughout the year reaches 1927.6 mm and the daily reference evapotranspiration is 5.29 mm. The total annual rainfall reaches 584.0 mm with an effective rainfall of 511.1 mm. The total crop evapotranspiration during the growing period was estimated at 678.2 mm and the total irrigation amount was calculated as 452.3 mm with an effective rainfall of 230.6 mm. During the growing period, the net and gross irrigation reaches 392.9 and 561.3 mm respectively. Field experiments should be conducted in the same season and cropping patterns to validate the accuracy of the crop water requirement prediction.

Keywords

CROPWAT 8.0, Tomato, Crop water requirement, Irrigation scheduling

References

• Abukar MA. 2004. Horticultural Study in Lower and Middle Shabelle Regions of Somalia - The case of expansion of fruit and vegetable production and marketing in greater Mogadishu. URL: https://reliefweb.int/. (accessed date: September 27, 2004).
• Agrawal A, Srivastava PK, Tripathi VK, Maurya S, Sharma R, DJ S. 2023 Future projections of crop water and irrigation water requirements using a bias-corrected regional climate model coupled with CROPWAT. J Water Clim Change, 14(4): 1147-1161.
• Allen RG, Pereira LS, Raes D, Smith M, Ab W. 1998. Allen_FAO1998. 1–15. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2010.12.001. (accessed date: February 23, 2023).
• Basnyat DB. 2007. Water Resources of Somalia. Technical Report. October, 236. URL: http//www.faoswalim.org. (accessed date: February 23, 2023).
• Desta FY, Abera K, Eshetu M, Koech R, Alemu MM. 2017. Irrigation water planning for crops in the central highlands of Ethiopia, aided by FAO CROP WAT MODEL. African J Agri Res, 12(28): 2329-2335. DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2016.11659.
• Doorenbos J, Kassam AH, Bentvelsen C, Uittenbogaard G. 1980. Paper 33. Yield Response to water. Irrigat Agri Devel, 1980: 203.
• Eshete DG, Sinshaw BG, Legese KG. 2020. Critical review on improving irrigation water use efficiency: Advances, challenges, and opportunities in the Ethiopia context. Water-Energy Nexus, 3: 143-154.
• Ewaid SH, Abed SA, Al-Ansari N. 2019. Crop Water Requirement and Irrigation Schedules for Some Major Crops in Southern Iraq. Water, 11(4): 1-12.
• FAO. 2017. Water for Sustainable Food and Agriculture Water for Sustainable Food and Agriculture. In A report produced for the G20 Presidency of Germany. URL: www.fao.org/publications. (accessed date: February 23, 2023).
• Ge J, Zhao L, Yu Z, Liu H, Zhang L, Gong X, Sun H. 2022. Prediction of greenhouse tomato crop evapotranspiration using XGBoost machine learning model. Plants, 11(15): 1923.
• Halimi AH, Tefera AH. 2019. Application of Cropwat Model for Estimation of Irrigation Scheduling of Tomato in Changing Climate of Eastern Europe: the Case Study of Godollo, Hungary. Int J Agri Environ Sci, 6(1): 1-11.
• Ibrahim YM, Karaca C, Büyüktaş D. 2020. Water resource and irrigation in Somalia: AReview. In Atılgan A., Saltuk B. (Eds), Current Researches in Agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture Sciences. Duvar Publishing, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 35-53.
• Irman S, Dorota ZH. 2003. Evapotranspiration: Potential or reference? IFAS Extension University of Florida, Florida, US, pp: 43.
• Kang S, Gu B, Du T, Zhang J. 2003. Crop coefficient and ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration of winter wheat and maize in a semi-humid region. Agri Water Manag, 59(3): 239-254. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00150-6.
• Karuku GN, Gachene CKK, Karanja N, Cornelis W, Verplancke H. 2014. Use of CROPWAT Model to Predict Water Use in Irrigated Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Production at Kabete, Kenya. E Afr Agri Forest J, 80(3): 175-183.
• Liu M, Wu X, Yang H. 2021. Evapotranspiration characteristics and soil water balance of alfalfa grasslands under regulated deficit irrigation in the inland arid area of Midwestern China. Agri Water Manag, 260: 107316.
• Lu J, Shao G, Cui J, Wang X, Keabetswe L. 2019. Yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of tomato for processing under regulated deficit irrigation: A meta-analysis. Agri Water Manag, 222: 301-312. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.06.008.
• Maingi S, Ndiiri J, Mati B. 2020. Estimation of crop water requirements for garden pea, sweet pepper and tomato using the CropWAT model in Maragua Watershed, Murang’a County, Kenya. Int J Agri Sci, 5: 112-123.
• Mana TT, Abebe BW, Hatiye SD. 2023. Effect of climate change on reservoir water balance and irrigation water demand: a case of Gidabo irrigation project, Rift Valley Basin, Ethiopia. Environ Monit Assess, 195: 866. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11484-3.
• Michelon N, Pennisi G, Ohn Myint N, Orsini F, Gianquinto G. 2020. Strategies for improved Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of field-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under a semi-arid climate. Agronomy, 10(5): 668. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050668.
• Muchiri PW. 2007. Climate of Somalia. Technical Report No W-01, Nairobi, Kenya, pp: 82.
• Musei SK, Nyaga JM, Dubow AZ. 2021. SPEI-based spatial and temporal evaluation of drought in Somalia. J Arid Environ, 184(201): 104296. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104296.
• Solangi GS, Shah SA, Alharbi RS, Panhwar S, Keerio HA, Kim TW, Memon JA, Bughio AD. 2022. Investigation of Irrigation Water Requirements for Major Crops Using CROPWAT Model Based on Climate Data. Water, 14: 2578. DOI: 10.3390/w14162578.
• Sterling TM. 2005. Transpiration: Water Movement through Plants. J Nat Resour Life Sci Educ, 34(1): 123. DOI: 10.2134/jnrlse.2005.0123.
• Sunil A, Deepthi B, Mirajkar, AB, Adarsh S. 2021. Modeling future irrigation water demands in the context of climate change: A case study of Jayakwadi command area, India. Model Earth Syst Environ, 7: 1963-1977.
• Tong X, Wu P, Liu X, Zhang L, Zhou W, Wang Z. 2022. A global meta-analysis of fruit tree yield and water use efficiency under deficit irrigation. Agri Water Manag, 260: 107321. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107321.
• Trivedi A, Pyasi SK, Galkate RV. 2018. Estimation of Evapotranspiration using CROPWAT 8.0 Model for Shipra River Basin in Madhya Pradesh. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci, 7(05), 1248-1259. DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.705.151.
• Waller P, Yitayew M. 2015. Irrigation and drainage engineering. Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp: 747.
• Yerli C, Sahin U, Oztas T. 2022. CO2 emission from soil in silage maize irrigated with wastewater under deficit irrigation in direct sowing practice. Agri Water Manag, 271: 107791. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107791.