Determination of the Effects of Different EMS Doses Applied to Seeds of Chickpea and Lentil Varieties on Some Seedling Characteristics

Year 2024, , 125 - 133, 15.03.2024

Merve Bayhan

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1345127

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of 11 different doses of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) applied to the seed to create variation in the M1 generation of chickpea (Gökçe) and lentil (Şakar) genotypes during germination and seedling development periods and to determine the lethal dose that caused a 50% reduction in plant emergence rate. The research was conducted under the greenhouse and laboratory conditions of the Faculty of Agriculture of Dicle University in 2019/2020. The study was conducted according to a randomized block design with three replicates. For the M1 generation, seeds of each genotype in the elite stage were treated with EMS solution at 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, 40, 40, 50, 60, 60, 70, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mM (1000 seeds for each dose) and then sown in the greenhouse. A total of 132 tubes were sown with 30 seeds for each dose, and the effective EMS dose was determined for each genotype based on the traits examined in the developing seedlings. In the study, it was concluded that 11 different EMS doses applied to the seeds of chickpea and lentil varieties had negative effects on seedling development in the M1 generation, and increasing EMS doses from the control caused a decrease in all traits examined. With increasing EMS doses, plant emergence was observed in both chickpea and lentil up to 60 mM dose, while no germination was observed at 60 mM dose, and the dose rate varied according to species and varieties. The dose that caused a 50% decrease in the plant emergence rate in Gökçe chickpea and Şakar lentil varieties was determined as the LD50 dose. Accordingly, it was determined that the LD50 dose was 30 mM for Gökçe chickpea variety and 60 mM for Şakar lentil variety.

Keywords

Chickpea, EMS, Lentil, LD50, Mutation

References

• Acar A. 2010. EMS (Ethyl Methane Suplhonate) dozlarının M1 ve M2 generasyonlarında bezelye (Pisum sativum L.)’nin bazı özellikleri üzerine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun, Türkiye, ss: 80.
• Adebisi MA, Ajala MO, Adekoya MA, Amira JO, Ajani OO, Adekola TO. 2010. Multivariate assessment of variations in seed quality and seed yield components of sesame (Sesamum indicum L). In: Chikaleke VA, Adetula OA, Olakojo SA (eds), Genetics and sustainable livelihood in a developing economy. Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Genetics Society of Nigeria, Idi-Ishin, 19-24 September 2010. Ibadan, pp: 184-191.
• Aher SR, Koche DK. 2022. Induced physical and chemical mutagenic studies in M1 generation of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Inter J Food Nutri Sci, 11(7); 3370-3376.
• Akıncı A. 1999. Sorgül makarnalık buğday çeşidinin (Triticum durum Desf.) tohumlarına uygulanan farklı dozlardaki gamma ışınının M1 ve M2 bitkilerinin özelliklerine etkisi üzerine bir araştırma. Doktora Tezi, Harran Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye, ss: 94.
• Ambli K, Mullainathan L. 2014. Effect of gamma rays and EMS on seed germination and seed characters in pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) (Burn.) stapf. var. CO(Cu)-9. J Chem Biol Physical Sci, 4(4): 3345-3349.
• Anbarasan K, Sivalingam HD, Rajendran R, Anbazhagan M, Chidambaram AlA. 2013. Studies on the mutagenic effect of EMS on seed germination and seedling characters of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) var. T MV3. Inter J Res Biol Sci, 3: 68-70.
• Arisha MH, Shah SNM, Gong H, Jing H, Li C, Zhang HX. 2015. Ethyl methane sulfonate induced mutations in M2 generation and physiological variations in M1 generation of peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Front Plant Sci, 6: 372-399.
• Atmaca E, Yaşar Çiftçi C, Çakır S, Sağel Z, Akın R, 2012. Yaşa–05 ve Hisar nohut çeşitleri tohumlarına uygulanan farklı gama ışını dozlarının bazı özellikler üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Tarım Bilim Araş Derg, 5(1): 104-106.
• Baghery MA, Kazemitabar SK, Kenari RE. 2016. Effect of EMS on germination and survival of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). Biharean Biologist, 10(1): 33-36.
• Başer İ, Korkut KZ, Bilgin O, 2005. Mutagen uygulamasının makarnalık buğdaylarda (Triticum durum Thell) M1 generasyonundaki varyasyona etkisi. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fak Derg, 2(1): 65-72.
• Beyaz R, Kahramanoğulları CT, Yıldız C, Darçın ES, Yıldız M. 2016. The effect of gamma radiation on seed germination and seedling growth of Lathyrus chrysanthus Boiss under in vitro conditions. J Environ Radioact, 15: 162-163.
• Bharathi T, Gnanamurthy S, Dhanavel D, Murugan S, Ariraman M. 2013. Induced physical mutagenesis on seed germination, lethal dosage, and morphological mutants of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal). Inter J Adv Res, 1: 136-141.
• Bhat R, Upadhyaya N, Chaudhury A, Raghavan C, Qiu F, Wang H, Wu J, McNally K, Leung H, Till B. 2007. Chemical and irradiation induced mutants and tilling. In: NM. Upadhyaya, Ed., Rice Functional Genomics: Challenges, Progress and Prospects, Springer, New York, USA, pp: 148-180.
• Deepika, Pal M, Pahuja SK. 2016. Morphological variations induced by ethyl methane sulphonate in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.). Forage Res, 41(4): 218-221.
• Dhakshinamoorthy D, Selvaraj R, Chidambaram A. 2010. Physical and chemical mutagenesis in Jatropha curcas L. to induce variability in seed germination, growth and yield traits. Romanian J Biol Plant Biol, 55: 113-125.
• Gaur S, Singh M, Rathore N, Bhati PS, Kumar D. 2003. Radiobiological responses of cowpea. Adv Arid-legume Res, 2003: 75-78.
• Güvercin RŞ, Erayman M, Borzan G, Güvercin AF. 2020. Etil metan sülfonat mutageninin pamuk çeşitlerinde (Gossypium hirsutum L. ve Gossypium barbadense L.) tohum çimlenmesine etkisi. Uluslararası Anadolu Zir Müh Bilim Derg, 1: 24-29.
• Hassan N, Mekkawy SA, Mahdy M, Khaled FMS, Tawfik E. 2021. Recent molecular and breeding strategies in lettuce (Lactuca spp.). Genet Resour Crop Evol, 68: 3055-3079.
• IAEA, 2021. International atomic energy agency; mutant variety database, URL: https://mvd.iaea.org (accessed date: December 21, 2021).
• Jadhav PA, Kalpande HV, Kathale MN, Dahale GP. 2012. Effect of gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate on germination, pollen viability and survival of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) moench). J Crop Weed, 8(2): 130-131.
• Jagajanantham N, Dhanavel D, Gnanamurthy S, Pavadai P. 2013. Induced on chemical mutagens in Bhendi, Abelmoschus esculentus L. moench. Inter J Current Sci, 5: 133-137.
• Kantoğlu KY, Kunter B. 2021. Mutasyon ıslahı. Süs Bitkileri Islahı (Klasik ve Biyoteknolojik Yöntemler), Gece Kitaplığı, ISBN 978-625-7478-51-9, İstanbul, Türkiye, ss: 145-202.
• Khan S, Wani MR. 2005. Effect of diethyl sulphate on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Bionotes, 7(2): 55.
• Khursheed S, Laskar RA, Raina A, Amin R, Khan S. 2015. Comparative analysis of cytological abnormalities induced in Vicia faba L. genotypes using physical and chemical mutagenesis. Chromosome Sci, 18(3-4): 47-51.
• Kulkarni GB. 2011. Effect of mutagen on pollen fertility and other parameters in horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) verdc). Bio Sci Discov, 2(1): 146-150.
• Kumar R, Sinha RP. 2003. Mutagenic sensitivity of lentil genotypes. J Applied Biol, 13(1-2): 1-5.
• Lukanda LT, Mbuyi AK, Nkongolo KC, Kizungu RV. 2013. Effect of gamma irradiation on morpho-agronomic characteristics of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). American J Plant Sci, 4: 2186-2192.
• Olaolorun BM, Shimelis HA, Mathew I, Laing MD. 2019. Optimizing the dosage of ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenesis in selected wheat genotypes. South African J Plant Soil, 36(5): 357-366.
• Özdemir S. 2002. Yemeklik baklagiller. Hasat Yayıncılık, İstanbul, Türkiye, ss: 142.
• Özkan R, Bayhan M, Öner M, Yorulmaz L, Akıncı C. 2021. The results of mutations made with specific ems dose on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) germination properties. MAS J Applied Sci, 6(2): 234-239.
• Pathirana R. 2011. Plant mutation breeding in agriculture. In CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Sci, Nutrition and Natural Resources, London, UK, pp: 525.
• Ramezani P, More AD. 2013. Study of biological damage in grasspea (Lathyrus sativus Linn.) in M1 generation. Trends Life Sci, 2(2): 6-9.
• Roychowdhury R, Tah J. 2013. Mutagenesis-a potential approach for crop improvement. In Crop Improvement: New Approaches and Modern Techniques, London, UK, pp: 543.
• Saba M, Mirza B. 2002. Ethyl methane sulfonate ınduced genetic variability in Lycopersicon esculentum. Inter J Agri Biol, 1560-8530: 89-92.
• Şehirali S, Özgen M. 1988. Bitki ıslahı. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları:1059, Ders Kitabı: 310, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 261.
• Şehirali S. 1988. Yemeklik tane baklagiller. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları:1089, Ders Kitabı: 314, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 421.
• Shah TM, Atta BM, Mirza JI, Haq MA. 2012. Radio-sensitivity of various chickpea genotypes in M1generation II-Field Studies. Pak J Bot, 44(2): 631-634.
• Sikora P, Chawade A, Larsson M, Olsson J, Olsson O. 2011. Mutagenesis as a tool in plant genetics, functional genomics, and breeding. Inter J Plant Genom, 2011: 1-13.
• Spencer-Lopes MM, Forster BP, Jankuloski L. 2018. Manual on mutation breeding and introduction to plant breeding and selection. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria, pp: 299.
• Talebi AB, Talebi AB, Shahrokhifar B. 2012. Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) induced mutagenesis in Malaysian rice (cv. MR219) for lethal dose determination. American J Plant Sci, 3: 1661-1665.
• Tantray AY, Raina A, Khursheed S, Amin R, Khan S. 2017. Chemical mutagen affects pollination and locule formation in capsules of black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Inter J Agri Sci, 8(1): 108-117.
• Warghat AR, Rampure NH, Wagh P. 2011. Effect of sodium azide and gamma rays treatments on percentage germination, survival, morphological variation and chlorophyll mutation in musk okra (Abelmoschus moschatus L.). Inter J Pharmacy Pharmaceut Sci, 3(5): 483-486.
• Yorulmaz L, Bayhan M, Öner M, Özkan R, Akıncı C. 2021. Effects of different doses of EMS mutagen applications on seedling properties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). International Siirt Scientific Res Congress, 5-7 November 2021, Siirt, Türkiye, 759-765.