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The Usage of Marine Plant-Based Bio-Fertilizer for Tomato Growing in Mogadishu, Somalia

Year 2024, , 197 - 202, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1356085

Abstract

Seaweed and seagrass contain plant growth hormones and mineral nutrients such as proteins, lipids, amino acids, phytohormones, carbohydrates, antimicrobial compounds and osmoprotectants. Hence, the present work was undertaken to assess the potential of marine plant-based bio-fertilizer, prepared as a mixture of six seaweed species and three seagrass species, in comparison with goat manure fertilizer, mixed fertilizer, conventional and no-fertilizer (control) applications on the growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under greenhouse conditions. The experiment was designed in a split plot with a randomized complete block design. Fifteen biological replications were used from each treatment for measuring plant height, number of fruits and fruit weight. In this study, treatment of conventional, marine plant bio-fertilizer, goat manure, mixed fertilizer and control was applied. This study revealed that tomato plants supplied with a mix of traditional fertilizers had the highest plant height (178 cm) and the highest number of fruits (150 fruits/plant), while the plants treated with marine plant bio-fertilizer produced fruits of the highest weight (3132 grams/15 fruits). This is the first study on the utility of marine plant as bio-stimulants for agricultural production in Somalia. The application of eco-friendly and user-friendly marine bio-fertilizers can be suggested to farmers in getting higher yields and better growth of tomato plants.

Ethical Statement

This research article does not include human or animal experimental subjects

Supporting Institution

City University of Mogadishu, Somalia

Project Number

None

Thanks

We thank Dr. Mohamud Garre and Dr. Mubashir for helping us checking plagiarism

References

  • Ahmed DAEA, Gheda SF, Ismail GA. 2021. Efficacy of two seaweeds dry mass in bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soil and growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plant. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 28: 12831-12846.
  • Ashok-Kumar N, Vanlalzarzova B, Sridhar S, Baluswami M. 2012. Effect of liquid seaweed fertilizer of Sargassum wightii Grev. on the growth and biochemical content of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). Rec Res Sci Tech, 4: 40-45.
  • Bartrina I, Jensen H, Novák O, Strnad M, Werner T, Schmülling T. 2017. Gain-of-function mutants of the cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 regulate plant organ size, flowering time and plant longevity. Plant Physiol, 173(3): 1783-1797.
  • Chbani A, Majed S, Mawlawi H, Kammoun M. 2015. The use of seaweed as a bio-fertilizer: Does it influence Proline and Chlorophyll concentration in plants treated?. Arabian j Medic Aromat plants, 1(1): 67-77.
  • Dineshkumar R, Duraimurugan M, Sharmiladevi N, Lakshmi LP, Rasheeq AA, Arumugam A, Sampathkumar P. 2020b. Microalgal liquid bio-fertilizer and biostimulant effect on green gram (Vigna radiata L) an experimental cultivation. Biomass Conver Biorefin, 2020: 1-21.
  • Dineshkumar R, Kumaravel R, Gopalsamy J, Sikder MNA, Sampathkumar P. 2018. Microalgae as bio-fertilizers for rice growth and seed yield productivity. Waste Biomass Valor, 9: 793.
  • Dineshkumar R, Narendran R, Jayasingam P. 2017. Cultivation and chemical composition of microalgae chlorella vulgaris and its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. J Aquacult Marine Biol, 5(3): 00119.
  • Dineshkumar R, Rasheeq AA, Arumugam A, Nambi KS, Sampathkumar P. 2019a. Marine microalgal extracts on cultivable crops as a considerable bio-fertilizer: A Review. Indian J Traditional Knowledge, 18(4): 849-854.
  • Dineshkumar R, Subramanian J, Arumugam A, Ahamed Rasheeq A, Sampathkumar P. 2020a. Exploring the microalgae bio-fertilizer effect on onion cultivation by field experiment. Waste Biomass Valor, 11: 77-87.
  • Dineshkumar R, Subramanian J, Gopalsamy J, Jayasingam P, Arumugam A, Kannadasan S. 2019b. The impact of using microalgae as bio-fertilizer in maize (Zea mays L.). Waste Biomass Valor, 10: 1101-1110.
  • Dookie M, Ali O, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J. 2021. Flowering gene regulation in tomato plants treated with brown seaweed extracts. Scientia Horticult, 276: 109715.
  • El-Din SM. 2015. Utilization of seaweed extracts as bio-fertilizers to stimulate the growth of wheat seedlings. Egypt J Exp Biol, 11(1): 31-39.
  • Garcia-Gonzalez J, Sommerfeld M. 2016. Bio-fertilizer and biostimulant properties of the microalga Acutodesmus dimorphus. J Appl Phycol, 28: 1051-1061.
  • Ghaderiardakani F, Collas E, Damiano DK, Tagg K, Graham NS, Coates JC. 2019. Effects of green seaweed extract on Arabidopsis early development suggest roles for hormone signalling in plant responses to algal fertilisers. Scient Rep, 9(1): 1983.
  • Haider MW, Ayyub CM, Pervez MA, Asad HU, Manan A, Raza SA, Ashraf I. 2012. Impact of foliar application of seaweed extract on growth, yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Soil Environ, 31: 157-162.
  • Hussain HI, Kasinadhuni N, Arioli T. 2021. The effect of seaweed extract on tomato plant growth, productivity and soil. J Appl Phycol, 33(2): 1305-1314.
  • Iqbal N, Khan NA, Ferrante A, Trivellini A, Francini A, Khan MIR. 2017. Ethylene role in plant growth, development and senescence: interaction with other phytohormones. Front Plant Sci, 8: 475.
  • Jayasinghe PS, Pahalawattaarachchi V, Ranaweera KKDS. 2016. Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer on plant growth of Capsicum annum. Discovery, 52(244): 723-734.
  • Kalaivanan C, Venkatesalu V. 2012. Utilization of seaweed Sargassum myriocystum extracts as a stimulant of seedlings of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Span J Agri Res, 10: 466-470.
  • Ke M, Gao Z, Chen J, Qiu Y, Zhang L, Chen X. 2018. Auxin controls circadian flower opening and closure in the waterlily. BMC Plant Biol, 18(1): 1-21.
  • MacKinnon SA, Craft CA, Hiltz D, Ugarte R. 2010. Improved methods of analysis for betaines in Ascophyllum nodosum and its commercial seaweed extracts. J Appl Phycol, 22: 489-494.
  • Manea AI, Abbas KAU. 2018. Influence of seaweed extract, organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth and yield broccoli. Int J Veget Sci, 24(6): 550-556.
  • Moeller RG, Shalom L, Shlizerman L, Samuels S, Zur N, Ophir R. 2013. Effects of gibberellin treatment during flowering induction period on global gene expression and the transcription of flowering-control genes in Citrus buds. Plant Sci, 198: 46-57.
  • Muniswami DM, Chinnadurai S, Sachin M, Jithin H, Ajithkumar K, Narayanan GS, Dineshkumar R. 2021. Comparative study of biofertilizer/biostimulant from seaweeds and seagrass in Abelmoschus esculentus crop. Biomass Conv Biorefin, 2021: 1-18.
  • Mzibra A, Aasfar A, El Arroussi H, Khouloud M, Dhiba D, Kadmiri IM, Bamouh A. 2018. Polysaccharides extracted from Moroccan seaweed: A promising source of tomato plant growth promoters. J Appl Phycol, 30: 2953-2962.
  • Nabti E, Jha B, Hartmann A. 2017. Impact of seaweeds on agricultural crop production as biofertilizer. Int J Environ Sci Technol, 14(5): 1119-1134.
  • Pangaribuan DH, Monica W. 2016. Growth and yield of sweet corn as affected by paddy straw plant compost and potassium fertilizer. Asian Horticult Cong, 1208: 281-286.
  • Patel RV, Pandya KY, Jasrai RT, Brahmbhatt N. 2017. A review: scope of utilizing seaweed as a bio-fertilizer in agriculture. Int J Adv Res, 5: 2046-2054.
  • Pramanick B, Brahmachari K, Ghosh A. 2013. Effect of seaweed sap on growth and yield improvement of green gram. Afr J Agri Res, 8: 1180-1186.
  • Pramanick B, Brahmachari K, Ghosh A. 2014. Efficacy of Kappaphycus and Gracilaria sap on growth and yield improvement of sesame in new alluvial soil. J Crop Weed, 10(1): 77-81.
  • Pramanick B, Brahmachari K, Mahapatra BS, Ghosh A, Ghosh D, Kar S. 2017. Growth, yield and quality improvement of potato tubers through the application of seaweed sap derived from the marine alga Kappaphycus alvarezii. J Appl Phycol, 29: 3253-3260.
  • Raghunandan BL, Vyas RV, Patel HK, Jhala YK. 2019. Perspectives of seaweed as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Soil Fert Manag Sust Devel, 2019: 267-289.
  • Ramya SS, Vijayanand N, Rathinavel S. 2015. Foliar application of liquid bio-fertilizer of brown alga Stoechospermum marginatum on growth, biochemical and yield of Solanum melongena. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agri, 4: 167-173.
  • Saadaoui I, Sedky R, Rasheed R, Bounnit T, Almahmoud A, Elshekh A, Al Jabri H. 2019. Assessment of the algae-based bio-fertilizer influence on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivation. J Appl Phycol, 31: 457-463.
  • Sasikala M, Indumathi E, Radhika S, Sasireka R. 2016. Effect of seaweed extract (Sargassum tenerrimum) on seed germination and growth of tomato plant. Int J Chem Tech Res, 9(09): 285-293.
  • Sheeja YB. 2019. Effect of SGLF and SLF (liquid fertilizers) on the germination of Vigna Unguiculata. J Adv Biol Sci, 6(1): 36-38.
  • Singh S, Singh MK, Pal SK, Trivedi K, Yesuraj D, Singh CS, Ghosh A. 2016. Sustainable enhancement in yield and quality of rain-fed maize through Gracilaria edulis and Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed sap. J Appl Phycol, 28: 2099-2112.
  • Suchithra MR, Muniswamia DM, Sri MS, Usha R, Rasheeq AA, Antrose Preethi B. 2021. Effectiveness of green microalgae as biostimulants and bio-fertilizer through foliar spray and soil drench method for tomato cultivation. South African J Botany, 146: 740-750.
  • Sunarpi H, Kurnianingsih R, Ghazali M, Fanani RA, Sunarwidhi AL, Widyastuti S, Prasedya ES. 2020. Evidence for the presence of growth-promoting factors in Lombok Turbinaria murayana extract stimulating growth and yield of tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). J Plant Nutrit, 43(12): 1813-1823.
  • Supraja KV, Bunushree B, Balasubramanian P. 2020. Efficacy of microalgal extracts as biostimulants through seed treatment and foliar spray for tomato cultivation. Indust Crops Prod, 151: 112453.
  • Uthirapandi V, Suriya S, Boomibalagan P, Eswaran S, Ramya SS, Vijayanand N, Kathiresan D. 2018. Biofertilizing potential of seaweed liquid extracts of marine macro algae on growth and biochemical parameters of Ocimum sanctum. J Pharmacognosy Phytochem, 7(3): 3528-3532.
  • van Ginneken V, de Vries E. 2018. Seaweeds as biomonitoring system for heavy metal (HM) accumulation and contamination of our oceans. American J Plant Sci, 9(07): 1514.
  • Vijayakumar S, Durgadevi P, Arulmozhi S, Rajalakshmi Gopalakrishnan T, Parameswari N. 2018. Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer on yield and quality of Capsicum annum L. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39(5): 406-410.
  • Vinoth S, Sundari GP, Sivakumar S, Siva G, Kumar GP, Manju VK. 2017. Evaluation of seagrass liquid extract on salt stress alleviation in tomato plants. Asian J Plant Sci, 16(4): 172-183.
  • Zafar A, Ali I, Rahayu F. 2022. Marine seaweeds (biofertilizer) significance in sustainable agricultural activities: A review. Earth Environ Sci, 974: 012080.
  • Zecher K, Hayes KR, Philipp B. 2020. Evidence of interdomain ammonium cross-feeding from methylamine-and glycine betaine-degrading Rhodobacteraceae to diatoms as a widespread interaction in the marine phycosphere. Front Microbiol, 11: 533894.
  • Zodape ST, Mukhopadhyay S, Eswaran S, Reddy MP, Chikara J. 2010. Enhanced yield and nutritional quality in greengram (Phaseolus radiata L.) treated with seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract. J Sci Ind Res, 69: 468-471.
Year 2024, , 197 - 202, 15.05.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1356085

Abstract

Project Number

None

References

  • Ahmed DAEA, Gheda SF, Ismail GA. 2021. Efficacy of two seaweeds dry mass in bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soil and growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plant. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 28: 12831-12846.
  • Ashok-Kumar N, Vanlalzarzova B, Sridhar S, Baluswami M. 2012. Effect of liquid seaweed fertilizer of Sargassum wightii Grev. on the growth and biochemical content of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). Rec Res Sci Tech, 4: 40-45.
  • Bartrina I, Jensen H, Novák O, Strnad M, Werner T, Schmülling T. 2017. Gain-of-function mutants of the cytokinin receptors AHK2 and AHK3 regulate plant organ size, flowering time and plant longevity. Plant Physiol, 173(3): 1783-1797.
  • Chbani A, Majed S, Mawlawi H, Kammoun M. 2015. The use of seaweed as a bio-fertilizer: Does it influence Proline and Chlorophyll concentration in plants treated?. Arabian j Medic Aromat plants, 1(1): 67-77.
  • Dineshkumar R, Duraimurugan M, Sharmiladevi N, Lakshmi LP, Rasheeq AA, Arumugam A, Sampathkumar P. 2020b. Microalgal liquid bio-fertilizer and biostimulant effect on green gram (Vigna radiata L) an experimental cultivation. Biomass Conver Biorefin, 2020: 1-21.
  • Dineshkumar R, Kumaravel R, Gopalsamy J, Sikder MNA, Sampathkumar P. 2018. Microalgae as bio-fertilizers for rice growth and seed yield productivity. Waste Biomass Valor, 9: 793.
  • Dineshkumar R, Narendran R, Jayasingam P. 2017. Cultivation and chemical composition of microalgae chlorella vulgaris and its antibacterial activity against human pathogens. J Aquacult Marine Biol, 5(3): 00119.
  • Dineshkumar R, Rasheeq AA, Arumugam A, Nambi KS, Sampathkumar P. 2019a. Marine microalgal extracts on cultivable crops as a considerable bio-fertilizer: A Review. Indian J Traditional Knowledge, 18(4): 849-854.
  • Dineshkumar R, Subramanian J, Arumugam A, Ahamed Rasheeq A, Sampathkumar P. 2020a. Exploring the microalgae bio-fertilizer effect on onion cultivation by field experiment. Waste Biomass Valor, 11: 77-87.
  • Dineshkumar R, Subramanian J, Gopalsamy J, Jayasingam P, Arumugam A, Kannadasan S. 2019b. The impact of using microalgae as bio-fertilizer in maize (Zea mays L.). Waste Biomass Valor, 10: 1101-1110.
  • Dookie M, Ali O, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J. 2021. Flowering gene regulation in tomato plants treated with brown seaweed extracts. Scientia Horticult, 276: 109715.
  • El-Din SM. 2015. Utilization of seaweed extracts as bio-fertilizers to stimulate the growth of wheat seedlings. Egypt J Exp Biol, 11(1): 31-39.
  • Garcia-Gonzalez J, Sommerfeld M. 2016. Bio-fertilizer and biostimulant properties of the microalga Acutodesmus dimorphus. J Appl Phycol, 28: 1051-1061.
  • Ghaderiardakani F, Collas E, Damiano DK, Tagg K, Graham NS, Coates JC. 2019. Effects of green seaweed extract on Arabidopsis early development suggest roles for hormone signalling in plant responses to algal fertilisers. Scient Rep, 9(1): 1983.
  • Haider MW, Ayyub CM, Pervez MA, Asad HU, Manan A, Raza SA, Ashraf I. 2012. Impact of foliar application of seaweed extract on growth, yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Soil Environ, 31: 157-162.
  • Hussain HI, Kasinadhuni N, Arioli T. 2021. The effect of seaweed extract on tomato plant growth, productivity and soil. J Appl Phycol, 33(2): 1305-1314.
  • Iqbal N, Khan NA, Ferrante A, Trivellini A, Francini A, Khan MIR. 2017. Ethylene role in plant growth, development and senescence: interaction with other phytohormones. Front Plant Sci, 8: 475.
  • Jayasinghe PS, Pahalawattaarachchi V, Ranaweera KKDS. 2016. Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer on plant growth of Capsicum annum. Discovery, 52(244): 723-734.
  • Kalaivanan C, Venkatesalu V. 2012. Utilization of seaweed Sargassum myriocystum extracts as a stimulant of seedlings of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Span J Agri Res, 10: 466-470.
  • Ke M, Gao Z, Chen J, Qiu Y, Zhang L, Chen X. 2018. Auxin controls circadian flower opening and closure in the waterlily. BMC Plant Biol, 18(1): 1-21.
  • MacKinnon SA, Craft CA, Hiltz D, Ugarte R. 2010. Improved methods of analysis for betaines in Ascophyllum nodosum and its commercial seaweed extracts. J Appl Phycol, 22: 489-494.
  • Manea AI, Abbas KAU. 2018. Influence of seaweed extract, organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth and yield broccoli. Int J Veget Sci, 24(6): 550-556.
  • Moeller RG, Shalom L, Shlizerman L, Samuels S, Zur N, Ophir R. 2013. Effects of gibberellin treatment during flowering induction period on global gene expression and the transcription of flowering-control genes in Citrus buds. Plant Sci, 198: 46-57.
  • Muniswami DM, Chinnadurai S, Sachin M, Jithin H, Ajithkumar K, Narayanan GS, Dineshkumar R. 2021. Comparative study of biofertilizer/biostimulant from seaweeds and seagrass in Abelmoschus esculentus crop. Biomass Conv Biorefin, 2021: 1-18.
  • Mzibra A, Aasfar A, El Arroussi H, Khouloud M, Dhiba D, Kadmiri IM, Bamouh A. 2018. Polysaccharides extracted from Moroccan seaweed: A promising source of tomato plant growth promoters. J Appl Phycol, 30: 2953-2962.
  • Nabti E, Jha B, Hartmann A. 2017. Impact of seaweeds on agricultural crop production as biofertilizer. Int J Environ Sci Technol, 14(5): 1119-1134.
  • Pangaribuan DH, Monica W. 2016. Growth and yield of sweet corn as affected by paddy straw plant compost and potassium fertilizer. Asian Horticult Cong, 1208: 281-286.
  • Patel RV, Pandya KY, Jasrai RT, Brahmbhatt N. 2017. A review: scope of utilizing seaweed as a bio-fertilizer in agriculture. Int J Adv Res, 5: 2046-2054.
  • Pramanick B, Brahmachari K, Ghosh A. 2013. Effect of seaweed sap on growth and yield improvement of green gram. Afr J Agri Res, 8: 1180-1186.
  • Pramanick B, Brahmachari K, Ghosh A. 2014. Efficacy of Kappaphycus and Gracilaria sap on growth and yield improvement of sesame in new alluvial soil. J Crop Weed, 10(1): 77-81.
  • Pramanick B, Brahmachari K, Mahapatra BS, Ghosh A, Ghosh D, Kar S. 2017. Growth, yield and quality improvement of potato tubers through the application of seaweed sap derived from the marine alga Kappaphycus alvarezii. J Appl Phycol, 29: 3253-3260.
  • Raghunandan BL, Vyas RV, Patel HK, Jhala YK. 2019. Perspectives of seaweed as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Soil Fert Manag Sust Devel, 2019: 267-289.
  • Ramya SS, Vijayanand N, Rathinavel S. 2015. Foliar application of liquid bio-fertilizer of brown alga Stoechospermum marginatum on growth, biochemical and yield of Solanum melongena. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agri, 4: 167-173.
  • Saadaoui I, Sedky R, Rasheed R, Bounnit T, Almahmoud A, Elshekh A, Al Jabri H. 2019. Assessment of the algae-based bio-fertilizer influence on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivation. J Appl Phycol, 31: 457-463.
  • Sasikala M, Indumathi E, Radhika S, Sasireka R. 2016. Effect of seaweed extract (Sargassum tenerrimum) on seed germination and growth of tomato plant. Int J Chem Tech Res, 9(09): 285-293.
  • Sheeja YB. 2019. Effect of SGLF and SLF (liquid fertilizers) on the germination of Vigna Unguiculata. J Adv Biol Sci, 6(1): 36-38.
  • Singh S, Singh MK, Pal SK, Trivedi K, Yesuraj D, Singh CS, Ghosh A. 2016. Sustainable enhancement in yield and quality of rain-fed maize through Gracilaria edulis and Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed sap. J Appl Phycol, 28: 2099-2112.
  • Suchithra MR, Muniswamia DM, Sri MS, Usha R, Rasheeq AA, Antrose Preethi B. 2021. Effectiveness of green microalgae as biostimulants and bio-fertilizer through foliar spray and soil drench method for tomato cultivation. South African J Botany, 146: 740-750.
  • Sunarpi H, Kurnianingsih R, Ghazali M, Fanani RA, Sunarwidhi AL, Widyastuti S, Prasedya ES. 2020. Evidence for the presence of growth-promoting factors in Lombok Turbinaria murayana extract stimulating growth and yield of tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.). J Plant Nutrit, 43(12): 1813-1823.
  • Supraja KV, Bunushree B, Balasubramanian P. 2020. Efficacy of microalgal extracts as biostimulants through seed treatment and foliar spray for tomato cultivation. Indust Crops Prod, 151: 112453.
  • Uthirapandi V, Suriya S, Boomibalagan P, Eswaran S, Ramya SS, Vijayanand N, Kathiresan D. 2018. Biofertilizing potential of seaweed liquid extracts of marine macro algae on growth and biochemical parameters of Ocimum sanctum. J Pharmacognosy Phytochem, 7(3): 3528-3532.
  • van Ginneken V, de Vries E. 2018. Seaweeds as biomonitoring system for heavy metal (HM) accumulation and contamination of our oceans. American J Plant Sci, 9(07): 1514.
  • Vijayakumar S, Durgadevi P, Arulmozhi S, Rajalakshmi Gopalakrishnan T, Parameswari N. 2018. Effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer on yield and quality of Capsicum annum L. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 39(5): 406-410.
  • Vinoth S, Sundari GP, Sivakumar S, Siva G, Kumar GP, Manju VK. 2017. Evaluation of seagrass liquid extract on salt stress alleviation in tomato plants. Asian J Plant Sci, 16(4): 172-183.
  • Zafar A, Ali I, Rahayu F. 2022. Marine seaweeds (biofertilizer) significance in sustainable agricultural activities: A review. Earth Environ Sci, 974: 012080.
  • Zecher K, Hayes KR, Philipp B. 2020. Evidence of interdomain ammonium cross-feeding from methylamine-and glycine betaine-degrading Rhodobacteraceae to diatoms as a widespread interaction in the marine phycosphere. Front Microbiol, 11: 533894.
  • Zodape ST, Mukhopadhyay S, Eswaran S, Reddy MP, Chikara J. 2010. Enhanced yield and nutritional quality in greengram (Phaseolus radiata L.) treated with seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) extract. J Sci Ind Res, 69: 468-471.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mohamed Mohamud Salah 0009-0007-0996-2977

Mohamed Hassan Abdi 0009-0003-2688-8968

Mohamed Ahmed 0009-0002-4621-4007

Mohamed Ali Kahie 0009-0002-2962-0871

Arunachalam Sivakumar 0009-0007-0648-3938

Project Number None
Early Pub Date February 9, 2024
Publication Date May 15, 2024
Submission Date September 6, 2023
Acceptance Date January 30, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Salah, M. M., Abdi, M. H., Ahmed, M., Kahie, M. A., et al. (2024). The Usage of Marine Plant-Based Bio-Fertilizer for Tomato Growing in Mogadishu, Somalia. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 7(3), 197-202. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1356085

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