Investigation of the Effects of Some Plant Activators Against Verticillium Wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) on Cotton

Year 2023, , 676 - 682, 01.11.2023

Zehra Sağlan , Oktay Erdoğan

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1367216

Abstract

Wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is one of the stress factors affecting yield and fiber quality traits in cotton cultivation. Plant activators provide resistance by stimulating genes that activate the resistance mechanism in the plant. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of plant activators such as auxiGRO, Green Miracle, Maxicrop, ProAct Plus, and Sojall Vitanal against Verticillium wilt under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Firstly, the effect of various concentrations of plant activators (0, 1, 5, 25, 100, 250, and 500 ppm) on mycelial growth of two fungal isolates of V. dahliae (PHCVd3-non-defoliating pathotype and PHCVd47-defoliating pathotype) in potato dextrose agar (PDA) media was investigated in vitro. The effect of plant activators on V. dahliae was determined in tolerant cotton plants (cv Carmen) and susceptible cotton plants (cv Acala SJ2) in two different ways seed coating and foliar application in vivo. In vitro experiments were carried out with three replicates, and in vivo experiments were with five replicates depending on a completely randomized plot design. 500 ppm dose of all plant activators inhibited the mycelial growth of both isolates by approximately 90%. The lowest disease index (DI) against PHCVd3 was determined as 1.43 in the tolerant cv Carmen with seed coating of auxiGRO. The lowest DI against PHCVd47 was found in Sojall Vitanal and ProAct Plus at 2.09 and 2.12, respectively. The lowest DI against both isolates was found as 1.42 and 2.18 in cv Carmen by foliar application of ProAct Plus, respectively. Plant activators did not show any inhibitory effect on disease severity against both isolates in cv Acala SJ2. The combination of tolerant cultivar + plant activators can be suggested against Verticillium wilt disease as an alternative control.

Keywords

Verticillium dahliae, Plant activators, Disease index, Alternative control, Cotton

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because of there was no study on animals or humans.

Thanks

This study was carried out as part of a MSc study. The authors thank to Prof. Dr. Şener Kurt (Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye) for kindly providing fungal isolates, Nazilli Cotton Research Institute for kindly providing cotton cultivars, and to Tacettin Dönmez (Adana Doğa Organic Company, Adana, Türkiye) for kindly providing plant activator of Sojall Vitanal.

References

• Agrios GN. 2005. Plant pathology, 5th ed. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, US, pp: 922.
• Akbudak N, Tezcan H. 2006. Bitkisel üretimde ve bitki korumada yeni bir etken madde: Harpin. Uludağ Üniv Zir Fak Derg, 2(21): 39-43.
• Anonymous. 2017. ISR 2000. URL: https://ag.alltech.com/crop/en/products/protection/isr-2000-türkiye (accessed date: September 14, 2017).
• Arici SE, Demirtas AE. 2019. The effectiveness of rhizosphere microorganisms to control verticillium wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. in olives. Arabian J Geosci, 12: 781.
• Aysan M, Kozak Özdemir S, Erkılıç A. 2019. The Effects of some plant activators against rhizoctonia root rot (Rhizoctonia solani) on strawberry. J Tekirdag Agri Fac, 16(2): 173-180.
• Bejarano-Alcazar J, Melero-Vara JM, Blanco-Lopez MA, Jimenez-Diaz RM. 1995. Influence of inoculum density of defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes of V. dahliae on epidemics of verticillium wilt of cotton in southern Spain. Phytopathol, 85: 1474-1481.
• Berlanger I, Powelson ML. 2000. Verticillium wilt. Plant Health Instructor, 151: 109-110.
• Bishnoi UR, Pavyavula RS. 2004. Effect of plant activators on disease resistance and yield in tomato and canola. 4th international Crop Science Congress, September 26-October 1, Brisbane, Australia, pp: 1-5.
• Bolek Y, Bell AA, El-Zik KM, Thaxton PM, Magill CW. 2005. Reaction of cotton cultivars and a F2 population to stem inoculation with isolates Verticillium dahliae. J Phytopathol, 153: 269-273.
• Bulgari R, Cocetta G, Trivellini A, Vernieri P, Ferrante A. 2015. Biostimulants and crop responses: a review. Biol Agri Horti, 31: 1-17.
• Bursalioglu EO, Aki C. 2018. Effects of one plant activator on peroxidase and protease enzymes in two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties. Ann Biol Res, 9(1): 40-44.
• Chen ZJ, Scheffler BE, Dennis E, Triplett BA, Zhang TZ, Guo WZ, Chen XY, Stelly DM, Rabinowicz PD, Town CD. 2007. Toward sequencing cotton (Gossypium) genomes. Plant Physiol, 145(4): 1303-1310.
• Deans SG, Svoboda KP. 1990. The antimicrobial properties of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) volatile oil. Flav Fragri J, 5: 187-190.
• Delisoy K, Altınok HH. 2019 Determination of efficiencies of some rhizobacteria and plant activators against fusarium wilt disease of melon. Anadolu J Agri Sci, 34: 135-145.
• Erdoğan O, Kurt Ş, Göre ME. 2014. Studies on the different inoculation methods of verticillium wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. in cotton. Turkish Agric Natural Sci, 1(2): 188-193.
• Genç S, Soysal Mİ. 2018. Parametric and nonparametric post hoc tests. BSJ Eng Sci, 1(1): 18-27.
• Gürel A, Akdemir H, Emiroğlu ŞH, Kadoğlu H, Karadayı HB. 2000. Türkiye lif bitkileri. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği V. Teknik Kongresi, 17-21 Ocak, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 525-566.
• Huisman OC, Ashworth LJ. 1976. Influence of crop rotation on survival of Verticillium albo-atrum in soils. Phytopathol, 66: 978-981.
• Jans Y, von Bloh W, Schaphoff S, Müller C. 2021. Global cottonproduction under climate change implications for yield and water consumption. Hydrol and Earth System Sci, 25(4): 2027–2044.
• Karman M. 1971. General information in plant protection investigations, evaluation and performing of the trials. Regional Agricultural Protection Institute, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 279.
• Khan W, Rayirath UP, Subramanian S, Jithesh MN, Rayorath P, Hodges DM, Critchley AT, Craigie JS, Norrie J, Prithiviraj B. 2009. Seaweed extract as biostimulants of plant growth and development. J Plant Growth Regul, 28: 386-399.
• Kinnersley AM, Turano FJ. 2000. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and plant responses to stress. Critical Rev in Plant Sci, 19(6): 479-509.
• Klosterman SJ, Atallah ZK, Vallad GE, Subbarao KV. 2009. Diversity, pathogenicity, and management of verticillium species. Ann Rev Phytopathol, 47: 39-62.
• Kunicki E, Grabowska A, Sekara A, Wojciechowska R. 2010. The effect of cultivar type, time of cultivation, and biostimulant treatment on the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Folia Horti, 22: 9-13.
• Şahbaz S, Akgül DS. 2016. Fungal wilt pathogens and their management in cotton growing areas in Reyhanlı county (Hatay). J Turkish Phytopathol, 45(1): 31-43.
• Song R, Li J, Xie C, Jian W, Yang X. 2020. An overview of the molecular genetics of plant resistance to the verticillium wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Int J Mol Sci, 21(3): 1120.
• Strobel NE, Ji C, Gopalan S, Kuc JA, He SY. 1996. Induction of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 HrpZPss protein. The Plant J, 9: 431-439.
• Tosun N, Aktaş L, Karabay Yavaşoğlu NÜ, Türküsay H. 2003. Effects of salicylic acid, harpin and phosphorus acid in control of late blight (Phytophthora infestans Mont. De Barry) disease and some physiological parameters of tomato. J Turkish Phytopathol, 32(3): 165-174.
• TSI. 2021. Agricultural structure and production. URL: http://www.tuik.gov.tr (accessed date: August 30, 2021).
• Tsror L, Hazanovsky S, Mordechi-Lebish S, Simon S. 2001. Aggressiveness of Verticillium dahliae isolates from different vegatative compatibility groups to potato and tomato. Plant Pathol, 50: 477-482.
• Tuğlu ÇŞ. 2019. Sakarya ilinde fındık bahçelerinde külleme hastalığının mücadelesi. MSc thesis, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Tekirdağ, Türkiye, pp: 35.
• USDA. 2021. Cotton area, yield, and production. URL: http://www.fas.usda.gov/data/cotton-world (accessed date: August 30, 2021).
• Yildirim I, Yapici B. 2007. Inhibition of conidia germination and mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea by some alternative chemical. Pakistan J Biol Sci, 10(8): 1294-1300.
• Zhang ZY, Zhao J, Ding LY, Zou LF, Li YR, Chen GY, Zhang TZ. 2016. Constitutive expression of a novel antimicrobial protein, Hcm1, confers resistance to both verticillium and fusarium wilts in cotton. Sci Rep, 6: 20773.