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The Determination of the Efficacy of some Microbial Preparations against Apple Scab Disease (Venturia Inaequalis (cke) Wint.) in Isparta

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 6 - 10, 01.01.2018

Abstract

The effect of Trichoderma harzianum (T-22), Bacillus subtilis (BS),
mycorrhizal preparations (Endo Roots Soluble) and combinations was investigated
against apple scap disease [Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.].
Biological preparations were applied as foliar and soil application in
different combinations. The experiment was established in gardens with a
Scarlet-Spur apple variety of 3 years old in Eg􀇍irdir. Biological
preparations were applied at 3 times in April-May 2017, taking into account the
warnings of the early warning system at the recommended doses. Dictotom blue
(Mancozeb) + Nimbus (Micobuthanil) was used as commercial fungicide. After 21
days of application, disease severity was assessed according to scale 0-4. The
results obtained according to the scale values were calculated to the % disease
severity by applying the Towsend-Heuberger formula and the% effects of the
biological preparations according to the Abbott formula. Test results were
evaluated by Tukey multiple comparison test using variance analysis with SPSS
21 statistical program. As a result, the difference between all the
applications was found significant (p<0.05). Based on the results of the
experiment, the lowest disease severity was obtained from T-22 (foliar
application) (12.2%) against Venturia inaequalis. Disease severity was
determined in the application of Dicotom blue + Nimbus (13.2%) and Mycorriza
(14.8%) respectively. The percentage of disease severity in control plants was
observed as 40.2%. In the experiment, it was determined that the highest %
efficacy values of the biological preparations were for T-22 (foliar
application) (69.65%), T-22 (foliar application) + B. subtilis (foliar
application), (67.66%) Dikotom blue+Nimbus (67.19%) and mycorrhiza (soil
application) + B. subtilis (foliar application), (64.18%) respectively.
The lowest % efficacy values of the biological preparations were determined in
the application of B. subtilis (foliar application) (48.76%), T.
harzianum
(soil application) (53.23%) and T-22 (soil application) + B.
subtilis
(foliar application) (58.71%). As a result, biological preparations could be used as an
alternative to chemical control, because of its positive aspects in terms of
environment and food safety.

References

  • Abbott WS. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entom, 18: 265-267.
  • Anonymus. 1996. Zirai Mücadele Standart İlaç Deneme Metotları. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı TAGEM, s.183 Ankara.
  • Agrios GN. 1997. Plant Patology (Fourth Edition), ISBNO-12-044564-6, California, UAS, 619 s.
  • Birişik N, Yılmaz MA, Baloğlu S. 2009. Elma yetiştiriciliğinde zararlı olan virüs ve virüs benzeri (aşıyla taşınan) hastalıklar ve mücadelesi. Tar Bil Araş Derg, 2(1): 25-33.
  • Bolar JP, Norelli JL, Wong KW, Hayes CK, Harman GE, Aldwinckle HS. 2000. Expression of endochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum in transgenic apple increases resistance to apple scab and reduces vigor. Phytopathology, 90: 72–77.
  • Bolar JP, Norelli J, Harman GE, Brown SK, Aldwinckle HS. 2001. Synergistic activity of endochitinase and exochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis in transgenic plants. Transgenic Res, 10: 533–543.
  • Boyraz N, Kaymak S, Yiğit F. 2005. Eğirdir. Eğirdir ilçesi elma üreticilerinin kimyasal savaşım uygulamalarının genel değerlendirilmesi. S.Ü. Zir Fak Derg, 19(36): 37-51.
  • Burr TJ, Matteson MC, Smith CA, Corral-Garcia MR, Huang TC. 1996. Effectiveness of bacteria and yeasts from apple orchards as biological control agents of apple scab. Biol Cont, 6: 151-157.
  • Carisse O, Philion V, Rolland D, Bernier J. 2000. Effect of fall application of fungal antagonists on spring ascospore production of the apple scab pathogen, Venturia inaequalis. Phytopathology, 90: 31-37.
  • Demirci E. 1996. Fungisitlere karşı dayanıklılığın gelişimi ve yönetimi. Atatürk Üniv Zir Fak Derg, 27(4): 576-588.
  • Fiss M, Kucheryava N, Schönherr J, Kollar A, Arnold G, Auling G. 2000. Isolation and characterization of epiphytic fungi from the phyllosphere of apple as potential biocontrol agents against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). Z Pflanzenk Pflanzen, 107: 1-11.
  • Gygax M, Gianfranceschi L, Liebhard R, Kellerhals M, Gessler C, Patocchi A. 2004. Molecular markers linked to the apple scab resistence gene Vbj derived from Malus baccata jackii. Theoret Appl Genet, 109: 1702-1709.
  • Kaymak S. 2012. Elma kara lekesi hastalığı etmeni Venturia inaequalis [(Cooke) G.Winter 1875]’in Türkiye izolatlarının moleküler karakterizasyonu ve patojenisitelerinin belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniv FBE, Doktora Tezi, 112s, Konya.
  • Köhl J, Scheer C, Holb IJ. 2015. Toward an integrated use of biological control by Cladosporium cladosporioides H39 in apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) management. Plant Dis, 99: 535–543.
  • Köhl J, de Haas BH, Molhoek WML. 2006. Selection of antagonists suppressing conidia production of Venturia inaequalis. Proceeding from European Joint Organic Congress, 30-31 May, Odense, Denmark, pp 354-355. http://orgprints.org/7493/
  • Schäfer T, Buscot F, Flachowsky H, Hanke MV, Kaldorf M. König S. 2008. First results on the effect of increased chitinase expression in transgenic apple trees on mycorrhization with Glomus intraradices and G. mosseae. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 839: I International Symposium on Biotechnology of Fruit Species: BIOTECHFRUIT 2008
  • Schenk NC. 1987. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Control of Fungal Root Diseases. Pp. 179-191. In. I. Chet (Editors). Innovative Approches to Plant Diseases Control. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 327 pp.
  • Townsend GK, Heuberger, JW. 1943. Methods for Estimating Losses Caused by Diseases in Fungicide Experiments. Plant Dis Rep, 27: 340-343.
  • TUIK, 2015. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr.
  • Türkoğlu K. 1978. Kara leke (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.) epidemisinin önceden saptanması ve hastalığın eradikasyonu üzerine araştırmalar. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı İzmir Bölge Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Araştırma Servisi, No: 030-465.
Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 6 - 10, 01.01.2018

Abstract

References

  • Abbott WS. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entom, 18: 265-267.
  • Anonymus. 1996. Zirai Mücadele Standart İlaç Deneme Metotları. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı TAGEM, s.183 Ankara.
  • Agrios GN. 1997. Plant Patology (Fourth Edition), ISBNO-12-044564-6, California, UAS, 619 s.
  • Birişik N, Yılmaz MA, Baloğlu S. 2009. Elma yetiştiriciliğinde zararlı olan virüs ve virüs benzeri (aşıyla taşınan) hastalıklar ve mücadelesi. Tar Bil Araş Derg, 2(1): 25-33.
  • Bolar JP, Norelli JL, Wong KW, Hayes CK, Harman GE, Aldwinckle HS. 2000. Expression of endochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum in transgenic apple increases resistance to apple scab and reduces vigor. Phytopathology, 90: 72–77.
  • Bolar JP, Norelli J, Harman GE, Brown SK, Aldwinckle HS. 2001. Synergistic activity of endochitinase and exochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis in transgenic plants. Transgenic Res, 10: 533–543.
  • Boyraz N, Kaymak S, Yiğit F. 2005. Eğirdir. Eğirdir ilçesi elma üreticilerinin kimyasal savaşım uygulamalarının genel değerlendirilmesi. S.Ü. Zir Fak Derg, 19(36): 37-51.
  • Burr TJ, Matteson MC, Smith CA, Corral-Garcia MR, Huang TC. 1996. Effectiveness of bacteria and yeasts from apple orchards as biological control agents of apple scab. Biol Cont, 6: 151-157.
  • Carisse O, Philion V, Rolland D, Bernier J. 2000. Effect of fall application of fungal antagonists on spring ascospore production of the apple scab pathogen, Venturia inaequalis. Phytopathology, 90: 31-37.
  • Demirci E. 1996. Fungisitlere karşı dayanıklılığın gelişimi ve yönetimi. Atatürk Üniv Zir Fak Derg, 27(4): 576-588.
  • Fiss M, Kucheryava N, Schönherr J, Kollar A, Arnold G, Auling G. 2000. Isolation and characterization of epiphytic fungi from the phyllosphere of apple as potential biocontrol agents against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis). Z Pflanzenk Pflanzen, 107: 1-11.
  • Gygax M, Gianfranceschi L, Liebhard R, Kellerhals M, Gessler C, Patocchi A. 2004. Molecular markers linked to the apple scab resistence gene Vbj derived from Malus baccata jackii. Theoret Appl Genet, 109: 1702-1709.
  • Kaymak S. 2012. Elma kara lekesi hastalığı etmeni Venturia inaequalis [(Cooke) G.Winter 1875]’in Türkiye izolatlarının moleküler karakterizasyonu ve patojenisitelerinin belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniv FBE, Doktora Tezi, 112s, Konya.
  • Köhl J, Scheer C, Holb IJ. 2015. Toward an integrated use of biological control by Cladosporium cladosporioides H39 in apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) management. Plant Dis, 99: 535–543.
  • Köhl J, de Haas BH, Molhoek WML. 2006. Selection of antagonists suppressing conidia production of Venturia inaequalis. Proceeding from European Joint Organic Congress, 30-31 May, Odense, Denmark, pp 354-355. http://orgprints.org/7493/
  • Schäfer T, Buscot F, Flachowsky H, Hanke MV, Kaldorf M. König S. 2008. First results on the effect of increased chitinase expression in transgenic apple trees on mycorrhization with Glomus intraradices and G. mosseae. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 839: I International Symposium on Biotechnology of Fruit Species: BIOTECHFRUIT 2008
  • Schenk NC. 1987. Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Control of Fungal Root Diseases. Pp. 179-191. In. I. Chet (Editors). Innovative Approches to Plant Diseases Control. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 327 pp.
  • Townsend GK, Heuberger, JW. 1943. Methods for Estimating Losses Caused by Diseases in Fungicide Experiments. Plant Dis Rep, 27: 340-343.
  • TUIK, 2015. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. http://www.tuik.gov.tr.
  • Türkoğlu K. 1978. Kara leke (Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.) epidemisinin önceden saptanması ve hastalığın eradikasyonu üzerine araştırmalar. Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı İzmir Bölge Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Araştırma Servisi, No: 030-465.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Oğuzcan Çaltılı This is me

Şerife Evrim Arıcı

Publication Date January 1, 2018
Submission Date December 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çaltılı, O., & Arıcı, Ş. E. (2018). The Determination of the Efficacy of some Microbial Preparations against Apple Scab Disease (Venturia Inaequalis (cke) Wint.) in Isparta. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 1(1), 6-10.

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