Studies in The World Related to Pythium Spp. Causing Root Diseases in Carrot

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 4, 133 - 140, 01.10.2018

Senem Tülek F. Sara Dolar

Abstract

The carrot which is
important in our nutrition, exposed to many pathogenic microorganisms in field
and storage. There are many fungal pathogens cause problems in carrot
production. This study purposed to give information about Pythium species that cause root disease and symptoms, in our
country and the world. Pythium species cause significant economic losses in carrots fungal diseases.
The most important Pythium species known
asdamping-of disease Pythium irregulare
and Pythium ultimum, cavity spot
disease agents; Pythium sulcatum,Pythium violae, Pythium irregulare, Pythium sylvaticum, Pythium ultimum, Pythium
colaratum, root dieback; Pythium irregulare
andPythium ultimum, among these.

Keywords

Carrot, Pythium spp., Cavity spot

HAVUÇLARDA KÖK HASTALIĞINA NEDEN OLAN PYTHIUM TÜRLERİ İLE İLGİLİ DÜNYADA YAPILAN ÇALIŞMALAR

Abstract

Beslenmemizde önemli yer tutan havuç gerek tarlada gerekse depolandıktan sonra birçok patojen mikrorganizmanın etkisine maruz kalmaktadır. Havuç yetiştiriciliğinde sorun olan çok sayıda fungal patojen bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada havuçlarda kök hastalıklarına neden olan Pythium spp.’nin neden oldukları belirtileri tanıtmak ülkemizdeki ve dünyadaki son durumuna dair bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Havuç fungal hastalıkları içerisinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan Pythium türleri bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan en önemlileri çökerten (damping of) etmeni olarak bilinen Pythium türleri; Pythium irregulare ve Pythium ultimum, köklerde geriye doğru ölüm etmenleri, Pythium irregulare ve Pythium ultimum, kavite lekesi (cavity spot) hastalığı etmenleri Pythium sulcatum, Pythium violae, Pythium irregulare, Pythium sylvaticum, Pythium ultimum, Pythium colaratum’ dur.

Keywords

Havuç, Pythium spp., Kavite leke

References

• Anonymous. 1998. http://www.omafra.gov. Erişim Tarihi:04.01.2016
• Anonymous. 2010. https://www.ondanka-net.jp. Erişim Tarihi:09.09.2015.
• Anonymous. 2013. Carrot cavity spot. http://www.horticulture. ahdb.org. Erişim Tarihi:10.12.2015.
• Allain-Boule´ N, Le´vesque CA, Martinez C, Be´langer RR,Tweddell RJ.2004. Identification of Pythium species associated with cavity-spot lesions on carrots in eastern Quebec. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 26: 365–370.
• Ali-Shtayeh MS. 1986. The genus Pythium in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. An- National University, Research and Documanttection Centre, Nablus,West Bank,via Israil.
• Benard D, Punja ZK. 1995.Role of Pythium species in cavity spot development on carrots in British Columbia. Can. J.Plant Pathol. 17: 31–45.
• Cooper C, Isaac S, Jones MG, Crowther T, Smith BM, Collin HA. 2004. Morphological and biochemical response of carrots to Pythiumviolae, causative agent of cavity spot. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 64:27–35.
• Davinson EM, MacNish GC, Murphy PA, McKayAG. 2003. Pythium spp. from cavity spot and other root diseases of Australian carrots.Australasian Plant Pathology,32:4,455-464.
• Davis RM, Nunes JJ. 1999. Influence of crop rotation on the incidence of Pythium and Rhizoctonia induced carrot root dieback. Plant Dis., 83:146-148.
• Davis RM, RaidRN. 2002. Crown, root, and wilt diseases. Compendium of Umbelliferous Crop Diseases, Pp : 25 - 40.
• El-Tarabily KA, HardyGE, Sivasithamparam K. 1996.Association of Pythium coloratum and Pythium sulcatum with cavity spot disease of carrots in Western Australia. Plant Pathol. 45: 727–735.
• El-Tarabily KA, Hardy G, Sivasithamparam K, KurtbokeID. 1997.Microbiological differences between limedand unlimed soils and their relationship witb cavity spot diseaseof carrots (Daucus carota L.) caused by Pythium coloratum in Western Australia. PlantandSoil183:279-29(1.Esential for the biological control of cavity-spot disease of carrots, caused by Pythium coloratum, by streptomycete and non-streptomycete Actinomycetes.), New Phytol.137:495-507.
• Groom MR, Perry DA. 1985.Induction of ‘cavity spotlike’lesions on roots of Daucus carota by Pythium violae. Trans.Br. Mycol. Soc. 84: 755–757.
• Guba EF, Young RE, UiT. 1961.Cavity spot disease of carrots and parsnip roots. Plant Dis. Rep.,45: 102–105.
• Howard RJ, Pratt RG, Wıllıams PH. 1978. Pathogenicity to carrots of Pythium species from organic soils of North America. Phytopathology, 68: 1293-1296.
• Howard LR, Griffin LE, Lee Y. 1994. Steam treatment of minimally processed carrot sticks to control surface discoloration. J. Food Sci., 59:356–359.
• Kageyama K, Tachi M, Umetsu M, Hyakumachi M, 1996. Epidemiology of Pythium sulcatum associated with brown-blotted root rot of carrots. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan,62: 130–133. Kageyama K, Kobayashi M, Tomita M, Kubota N, Suga H,Hyakumachi M. 2002. Production and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies for the of Pythiumsulcatum in soil. Journal of Phytopathology, 150: 97–104.
• Kageyama K. 2014. Molecular taxonomy and its application to ecological studies of Pythiumspecies .J Gen Plant Patho. 180: 15-20. Kalu NN, Sutton J C, Vaartaja O. 1976. Pythium spp. associated with root dieback of carrot in Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci.,56:555-561.
• Klemsdal SS, Herrero ML, Wanner LA, Lund G, Hermansen A. 2008.PCR-based identification of Pythium spp. causing cavity spot in carrots and sensitive detection in soil samples.Plant Pathology ,57: 877–886.
• Kolaei EA, Tweddell RJ, Avis TJ. 2012. Antifungal activity of sulfur-containing salts against the development of carrot cavity spot and potato dry rot. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 63:55–59.
• Lévesque CA, de Cock AWAM. 2004 Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Pythium.Mycological Research, 108: 1363–1383.
• Liddell CM, Davis RM, Nunez JJ, Guerard JP. 1989. Association of Pythium spp. with carrot root dieback in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Plant Dis, 73:246–249.
• Lu XH, Davis RM, Livingston S, Nunez J, Hao JJ. 2012. Fungicide sensitivity of Pythium spp. associated with cavity spot of carrot in California and Michigan. Plant Dis., 96:384-388.
• Lyons NF, White JG. 1992. Detection of Pythium violae and Pythium sulcatum in carrots with cavity spot using competition ELISA. Annals of Applied Biology, 120: 235–44.
• Martinez C, Lévesque CA, Bélanger RR, Tweddell RJ.2005. Evaluation of fungicides for the control of carrot cavity spot. Pest Management Science,66: 767–771.
• McElroyFD. 1971. Dieback of Carrot Roots Caused by Pythium debaryanum. Phytopathology,61:586-587
• Mvuemba HN, Green SE, Tsopmo A, Avis TJ. 2009. Antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamon, ginger, horseradish and nutmeg extracts against spoilage pathogens. Phytoprotection, 90: 65-70.
• Nagai Y, Fukami M, Murata A, Watanabe T.1986. Brown-blotted root rot of carrots in Japan. (1) Occurrence, symptoms and isolation. Ann Phytopathol Soc Japan, 52:278–286.
• Pratt RG, Mıtchell JE. 1973. A new species of Pythium from Wisconsin and Florida isolated from carrots. Can. J. Bot., 51:333-339.
• Takenaka S, Kawasaki S. 1994. Characterization of alanine-rich,hydroxyproline- containing cell wall proteins and their applica-tion for identifying Pythium species. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 45:249–261.
• Van der Plaats-Niterink, AJ. 1981. Monograph of the genus Pythium. studies in mycology baarn. Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, 21: 1–242.
• Vivoda E, Davis RM, Nuñez JJ, Guerard JP. 1991.Factors affecting the development of cavity spot of carrot. PlantDis. 75: 519–522.
• Wang PH, White JG. 1996. Development of a species-specific primer for Pythium violae. British Crop Protection Council Symposium Proceedings, 65: 205–10.
• Wang PH, Wang YT, White JG. 2003. Species-specific PCR primers for Pythium developed from ribosomal ITS1 region.Letters in Applied Microbiology,37: 127–132.
• Watson AG. 1966.Seasonal Varıatıon ın the inoculum potentials of spermosphere fungi. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 94: 956-963,
• White JG. 1988. Studies on the biology and control of cavity spot of carrots. Ann. Appl. Biol.,113: 259–268.
• White JG, LyonsNF, Wakeham AJ, Mead A, Green JR. 1994.Serological profiling of the fungal genus Pythium. Ohysiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 44: 349-361.
• Zamski E, Peretz I. 1996.Cavity spot of carrots: II. Cellwall-degrading enzymes secreted by Pythium and pathogen-related proteins produced by the root cells. Ann. Appl. Biol.,128.
• Yanmaz R. 1994. Havuç Yetiştiriciliği. Standard Dergisi, 34 (Özel sayı):21–22.