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TÜTÜN TOHUMU YAĞI BİYODİZELİ ÜRETİM PARAMETRELERİNİN DONMA VE PARLAMA NOKTASI SICAKLIĞI ÜZERİNE OLAN ETKİLERİNİN OPTİMİZASYONU

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 130 - 136, 01.07.2019

Abstract

Biyodizel tüm dünyada çevreci yakıt olarak bilinmektedir. Hammaddesi yağlı tohumlar olan bu yakıtın kullanımı, tarım ülkesi olarak ülkemizin enerji politikalarının belirlenmesinde etkili olmalıdır. Bu çalışmada, gıda sektöründe kullanılmayan tütün bitkisinin tohumlarından solvent ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle ham yağ elde edilmiştir. Bu yağdan transesterifikasyon yöntemi kullanılarak üretilen biyodizelin donma ve parlama noktası sıcaklıkları üzerine etkili olan parametreler istatistiksel olarakincelenmiştir. Tütün tohumu yağı biyodizelinin donma ve parlama noktaları sıcaklıkları üzerine katalizör miktarı (% 0,5, % 1, % 1,5), yağ/alkol molar oranı (1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/10) ve reaksiyon sıcaklığı (40, 50, 60 °C) parametrelerinin etkisini ortaya koymak için deneysel çalışmalar gerçekleştirildi. İstatistiksel analiz sonucunda donma noktası sıcaklığı üzerinde katalizör miktarı ve yağ/alkol molar oranı parametrelerinin, parlama noktası sıcaklığı üzerinde ise yağ/alkol molar oranı ve sıcaklık parametrelerinin etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Etkili olan parametrelere ait seviyeler istatistiki olarak belirlenmiştir. 

References

  • Agarwal A. 2007. Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines. Prog Energy Comb, 33(3): 233-271.
  • Akehurst BC. 1981. Tobacco. Longman Inc Publication. Second Edition, London and Newyork.
  • Alptekin E, Çanakçı M. 2006. Biyodizel ve Türkiye’deki durumu. Mühendis ve Makine, 47 (561).
  • Altın R, Çetinkaya S, Yücesu HS. 2001. The potential of using vegetable oil fuels as fuel for diesel engines. Energy Convers Manage, 42(5): 529-538.
  • Altıparmak D, Keskin A, Koca A, Gürü M. 2007. Alternative fuel properties of tall oil fatty acid methyl ester-diesel fuel blends. Biores Tech, 98: 241-246.
  • Antolin G, Tinaut FV, Briceno Y, Castano V, Perez C, Ramirez AI. 2002. Optimisation of biodiesel production by sunflower oil transesterification. Biores Tech, 83: 111-114.
  • Atmanlı A, İleri E, Yilmaz N. 2016. Optimization of diesel-butanolvegetable oil blend ratios based on engine operating parameters. Energy, 96: 569-580.
  • Demirbaş A. 2002. Biodiesel from vegetable oils via transesterification in supercritical methanol. Energy Convers Manage, 43: 2349-2356.
  • Eshetu B. 2000. Nicotiana Tabacum L. Seed Oil. Essential Oil Research Center.
  • Ghadge SV, Raheman H. 2006. Process optimization for biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca indica) oil using response surface methodology. Biores Tech, 97: 379–384.
  • Giannelos PN, Zannikos F, Stournas S, Lois E, Anastapoulos G. 2002. Tobacco seed oil as an alternative diesel fuel: physical and chemical properties. Ind Crops Prod, 16: 1-9.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A. 2015. Comparison of optimum reaction parameters of corn oil biodiesels produced by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). J Faculty Eng Arch Gazi Univ, 30(3): 503-511.
  • Hirkude J, Padarkar A, Vedartham D. 2014. Investigations on the effect of waste fired oil methyl ester blends and load on performance and smoke opacity of diesel engine using response surface methodology. Energy Procedia, 54: 606-614.
  • Hoekman SK, Broch A, Robbins C, Ceniceros E, Natarajan M. 2012. Review of biodiesel composition, properties and specifications. Renew Sust Energy Rev, 16: 143–169.
  • Karabaş H. 2009. Tütün tohumu yaği metil esterinin dizel motorlarinda yakit olarak kullanilma imkanlarinin araştirilması. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Karaca E, Aytaç S. 2007. Yağ bitkilerinde yağ asitleri kompozisyonu üzerine etki eden faktörler. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Zir Fak Derg, 22(1): 123-131.
  • Kayahan M. 2007. Yağlı tohumlardan ham yağ üretim teknolojisi. TMMOB Gıda Mühendisleri Odası Kitapları Serisi No:7, Türkiye.
  • Kumar N, Chauhan SR. 2013. Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel from different origins: A review. Renew Sust Energy Rev, 21: 633-658.
  • Ma F, Hanna MF. 1999. Biodiesel production: A review. Biores Tech, 70(1): 1-15.
  • Monyem A, Gerpen JH. 2001. The effect of biodiesel oxidation on engine performance and emissions. Biomass Bioen, 20: 317-325.
  • Mukhtar A, Ullah H, Mukhtar, H. 2007. Extraction and characterization of tobacco seed oil. Asian J Chem, 18(1): 20-24.
  • Özsezen AN, Çanakçı M. 2009. Atık palmiye ve kanola yaği metil esterlerinin kullanildiği direkt püskürtmeli bir dizel motorda performans ve yanma. Gazi Üniv Müh Mim Fak Der, 24: 275-284.
  • Sahoo PK, Das LM. 2009. Process optimization for biodiesel production from Jatropha Karanja and Polanga oils. Fuel, 88:1588-1594.
  • Salvi BL, Panwar NL. 2012. Biodiesel resources and production technologiesea review. Renew Sust Energy Rev, 16: 3680-3689.
  • Şimşek R, Aydoğan H. 2016. Ketencik biyodizelinin üretimi ve common rail enjeksiyon sistemli bir motorun emisyonlarina etkisi. J FCE, 4: 60-64.
  • Sivaramakrishnan K, Ravikumar P. 2014. Optimization of operational parameters on performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel. Int J Envir Sci Tech, 11: 949-958.
  • Stanisavljevic I, Lazic ML, Veljkovic VB. 2006. Ultrasonic extraction of oil from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds. Ultrason Sonochem, 14: 646-652.
  • Usta N, 2005. An Experimental study on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with tobacco seed oil methyl ester. Energy Convers Manage, 46: 2373-2386.
  • Usta N. 2004. Use of tobacco seed oil methyl ester in a turbocharged indirect diesel engine. Biomass Bioen, 28(1): 77-86.
  • Veljkovic VB, Lakicevic SH, Stamenkovic OS, Todorovic ZB, Lazic ML. 2006. Biodiesel production from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids. Fuel, 85: 2671-2675.

Optimization of Effective Parameters on the Flash and Freezing Point Temperatures of the Tobacco Seed Oil Biodiesel

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 130 - 136, 01.07.2019

Abstract

Biodiesel is known as the environmental fuel all over the world. The use of this fuel, the raw material of
which is oilseeds, should be effective in determining the energy policies of our agricultural country. In this study, crude
tobacco seed oil which is not used in food sector was obtained by solvent extraction method. The parameters which are
effective on the freezing and flash point temperatures of biodiesel produced by using transesterification method have
been analyzed statistically. Amount of catalyst on freezing and flash point temperatures of tobacco seed oil biodiesel
(0.5%, 1%, 1.5%), oil/alcohol molar ratio (1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/10) and reaction temperature (40, 50, 60 °C) experimental
studies were performed to reveal the effect of the parameters. As a result of the statistical analysis, it was found that the
amount of catalyst and the oil/alcohol molar ratio parameters were effective on the freezing point temperature, and the oil/alcohol molar ratio and reaction temperature parameters were effective on the flash point temperature. Levels of
effective parameters were determined statistically.

References

  • Agarwal A. 2007. Biofuels (alcohols and biodiesel) applications as fuels for internal combustion engines. Prog Energy Comb, 33(3): 233-271.
  • Akehurst BC. 1981. Tobacco. Longman Inc Publication. Second Edition, London and Newyork.
  • Alptekin E, Çanakçı M. 2006. Biyodizel ve Türkiye’deki durumu. Mühendis ve Makine, 47 (561).
  • Altın R, Çetinkaya S, Yücesu HS. 2001. The potential of using vegetable oil fuels as fuel for diesel engines. Energy Convers Manage, 42(5): 529-538.
  • Altıparmak D, Keskin A, Koca A, Gürü M. 2007. Alternative fuel properties of tall oil fatty acid methyl ester-diesel fuel blends. Biores Tech, 98: 241-246.
  • Antolin G, Tinaut FV, Briceno Y, Castano V, Perez C, Ramirez AI. 2002. Optimisation of biodiesel production by sunflower oil transesterification. Biores Tech, 83: 111-114.
  • Atmanlı A, İleri E, Yilmaz N. 2016. Optimization of diesel-butanolvegetable oil blend ratios based on engine operating parameters. Energy, 96: 569-580.
  • Demirbaş A. 2002. Biodiesel from vegetable oils via transesterification in supercritical methanol. Energy Convers Manage, 43: 2349-2356.
  • Eshetu B. 2000. Nicotiana Tabacum L. Seed Oil. Essential Oil Research Center.
  • Ghadge SV, Raheman H. 2006. Process optimization for biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca indica) oil using response surface methodology. Biores Tech, 97: 379–384.
  • Giannelos PN, Zannikos F, Stournas S, Lois E, Anastapoulos G. 2002. Tobacco seed oil as an alternative diesel fuel: physical and chemical properties. Ind Crops Prod, 16: 1-9.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A. 2015. Comparison of optimum reaction parameters of corn oil biodiesels produced by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). J Faculty Eng Arch Gazi Univ, 30(3): 503-511.
  • Hirkude J, Padarkar A, Vedartham D. 2014. Investigations on the effect of waste fired oil methyl ester blends and load on performance and smoke opacity of diesel engine using response surface methodology. Energy Procedia, 54: 606-614.
  • Hoekman SK, Broch A, Robbins C, Ceniceros E, Natarajan M. 2012. Review of biodiesel composition, properties and specifications. Renew Sust Energy Rev, 16: 143–169.
  • Karabaş H. 2009. Tütün tohumu yaği metil esterinin dizel motorlarinda yakit olarak kullanilma imkanlarinin araştirilması. Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Karaca E, Aytaç S. 2007. Yağ bitkilerinde yağ asitleri kompozisyonu üzerine etki eden faktörler. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Zir Fak Derg, 22(1): 123-131.
  • Kayahan M. 2007. Yağlı tohumlardan ham yağ üretim teknolojisi. TMMOB Gıda Mühendisleri Odası Kitapları Serisi No:7, Türkiye.
  • Kumar N, Chauhan SR. 2013. Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel from different origins: A review. Renew Sust Energy Rev, 21: 633-658.
  • Ma F, Hanna MF. 1999. Biodiesel production: A review. Biores Tech, 70(1): 1-15.
  • Monyem A, Gerpen JH. 2001. The effect of biodiesel oxidation on engine performance and emissions. Biomass Bioen, 20: 317-325.
  • Mukhtar A, Ullah H, Mukhtar, H. 2007. Extraction and characterization of tobacco seed oil. Asian J Chem, 18(1): 20-24.
  • Özsezen AN, Çanakçı M. 2009. Atık palmiye ve kanola yaği metil esterlerinin kullanildiği direkt püskürtmeli bir dizel motorda performans ve yanma. Gazi Üniv Müh Mim Fak Der, 24: 275-284.
  • Sahoo PK, Das LM. 2009. Process optimization for biodiesel production from Jatropha Karanja and Polanga oils. Fuel, 88:1588-1594.
  • Salvi BL, Panwar NL. 2012. Biodiesel resources and production technologiesea review. Renew Sust Energy Rev, 16: 3680-3689.
  • Şimşek R, Aydoğan H. 2016. Ketencik biyodizelinin üretimi ve common rail enjeksiyon sistemli bir motorun emisyonlarina etkisi. J FCE, 4: 60-64.
  • Sivaramakrishnan K, Ravikumar P. 2014. Optimization of operational parameters on performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel. Int J Envir Sci Tech, 11: 949-958.
  • Stanisavljevic I, Lazic ML, Veljkovic VB. 2006. Ultrasonic extraction of oil from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds. Ultrason Sonochem, 14: 646-652.
  • Usta N, 2005. An Experimental study on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with tobacco seed oil methyl ester. Energy Convers Manage, 46: 2373-2386.
  • Usta N. 2004. Use of tobacco seed oil methyl ester in a turbocharged indirect diesel engine. Biomass Bioen, 28(1): 77-86.
  • Veljkovic VB, Lakicevic SH, Stamenkovic OS, Todorovic ZB, Lazic ML. 2006. Biodiesel production from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids. Fuel, 85: 2671-2675.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Hülya Karabaş 0000-0002-2773-6160

Publication Date July 1, 2019
Submission Date April 2, 2019
Acceptance Date June 1, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Karabaş, H. (2019). TÜTÜN TOHUMU YAĞI BİYODİZELİ ÜRETİM PARAMETRELERİNİN DONMA VE PARLAMA NOKTASI SICAKLIĞI ÜZERİNE OLAN ETKİLERİNİN OPTİMİZASYONU. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 2(3), 130-136.

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