Evaluation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) Genotypes for Striga Resistance and Yield and Yield Related Traits

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 85 - 95, 01.04.2020

Mulugeta Mamo Maru , Fisseha Worede , Muluken Bantayehu

Abstract

Striga is major biotic constraint and a serious threat to sorghum production in areas of semi- arid tropics. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of 49 sorghum genotypes including resistance and susceptible checks to Striga hermonthica and estimate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. The experiment was conducted at Kobo research sub-center, North Eastern Ethiopia in 2018 main cropping season using simple lattice design. The analysis of variance revealed significance difference among the genotypes for all traits including grain yield, days to maturity, plant height and Striga count ranged from 1462-7972 kgha^-1, 112-130days, 120-285cm and 3.35-34.25 Striga counts, respectively. Genotypes ETSC-14118-2-1, ETSC-14019-9-1, ETSC-14184-8-3, ETSC-14019-14-2, ETSC-14127-1-3, ETSC-14018-1-3, ETSC-14217-10-1, host low number of Striga count. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 2.97% for days to maturity (DM) to 24.94% for grain yield, while phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged from 2.26% for DM to 33.34% for biomass (BM). Plant height and head weight show high heritability and high genetic advance. The first seven PCA explained 89.5% of the total variation and the traits plant height (0.83), Striga severity (0.71) days to maturity (0.59), panicle length (0.56) and days to flowering (0.54) accounted for most of the variability. Six clusters were found and significant distances were observed among cluster IV and V, and III and IV. Accordingly, resistance, tolerance and susceptible genotypes were identified. However, further research is needed to test these genotypes to prove the current results.

Keywords

Cluster analysis, Grain yield, Principal component, Striga hermonithica

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