The Current State of Agricultural Cooperatives in Turkey: Challenges, and Comparison with the Cooperatives in Agriculturally Developed Countries

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 41 - 46, 01.01.2021

Senem Özgirgin Okan Atay Özdal Gökdal

Abstract

When the agricultural infrastructure of developed countries is examined, it is clear that farmers are organized in order to have a useful role in supplying inputs and in having an active role in the market. Thereby the farmers/producers are also industrialists, and with this method, rural development can be achieved. The most effective way to determine the policies to be applied in agriculture by affecting political mechanisms as in developed economies is the organization of producers. In this context, cooperatives are considered to be the most effective organization model in the development of the agricultural sector. The purposes of this study are; to reveal the current status and problems of agricultural cooperatives in Turkey, to compare with agricultural cooperatives in developed countries, and to offer some advice that will contribute to the more effective operation of agricultural cooperatives in Turkey. As a result, there are important legal, financial and administrative problems in the Turkish Cooperative System compared to developed countries. In the cooperative system in Turkey should be an emphasis on professionalization, inactive cooperatives should be closed. A serious legal arrangement should be prepared to solve the problems of the cooperatives.

Keywords

Cooperative, Agriculture, Production, Rural development, Farmer, Breeder

References

• Anonymous. 2015. http://koop.gtb.gov.tr/data/5697bd461a79f5d2d018c237/G20_kitapcik%2002.12.2015%20son%20son%20son.pdf. (accessed date: April 10, 2018).
• Anonymous. 2017a. http://pankobirlik.com.tr/AnaSayfa/Genel_Bilgi_ve_Tarihce. (accessed date: May 25, 2017).
• Anonymous. 2017b. http://tuskoopbir.org/hakk%C4%B1m%C4%B1zda.html. (accessed date: September 15, 2017).
• Anonymous. 2017c. http://www.tarim.gov.tr/TRGM/Lists/KutuMenu/Attachments/24/Sulama%20Koop.%20Anaszl%C5%9Fmsi.pdf. (accessed date: September 15, 2017).
• Bal CG, Ada S. 2012. Türkiye’de kooperatifçilik ve yönetim sorunları. SBArD, (19): 121-132.
• Bartlett W. 2014. The Political economy of the cooperative movement before and after the First World War. In: Proceedings of the Economic Causes and Consequences of the First World War, September 2014, Belgrade, Serbia, 181-193.
• Bennett D. 2014. Eastern german cooperative farming: on the cusp of a new generation. German Pol Soc, 32(4): 56-68.
• Bilgin N, Tanıyıcı Ş. 2008. Türkiye’de kooperatif ve devlet ilişkilerinin tarihi gelişimi. Kamu, İİBF Derg, 10: 136-159.
• BÜGEM. 2017. BÜGEM faaliyetleri. GTHB Bitkisel Üretim Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
• Can MF, Sakarya E. 2012. Dünya ve Türkiye’de Tarım ve hayvancılık kooperatiflerinin tarihsel gelişimi, iktisadi önemi ve mevcut durumu. Vet Hek Dern Derg, 83(1): 27-36.
• DGRV. 2017. http://www.dgrvtr.com/?page_id=1677. (accessed date: May 30, 2017).
• Doğan ZA, Yercan M. 2016. Türkiye ve AB ülkelerindeki kooperatifçilik mevzuatının karşılaştırmalı analizi. Turkish JAE, 22(2): 49-58.
• Fairbairn, B. 1994. History from the ecological perspective: Gaia theory and the problem of cooperatives in turn-of-the-century Germany. The American Historical Rev, 99(4), 1203-1239.
• Filippi M. 2012. Support for farmers' cooperatives: country report france. Wageningen UR.
• GTB. 2012. Türkiye kooperatifçilik stratejisi ve eylem planı 2012-2016. Kooperatifçilik Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.tocbirsen.org.tr/uploads/documents/2020_Rakamlarla_Tar%C4%B1m_Sekt%C3%B6r%C3%BC-min.pdf. (accessed date: October 10, 2020).
• ICA. 2017. http://ica.coop/en/what-co-operative. (accessed date: May 25, 2017).
• İnan İH, Başaran B, Saner G, Yercan M, İnan Ç, Özdoğan Ö. 2010. Türk tarım kooperatiflerinin AB tarım kooperatiflerine uyumu ve tarımsal sanayiye etkileri. Ziraat Mühendisliği VII. Teknik Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı-2, 11-15 Ocak, Ankara, Türkiye, 11-15s.
• İnan İH. 2008. Türkiye'de tarımsal kooperatifçilik ve AB modeli. İstanbul Ticaret Odası.146-217s.
• Kanlı İB. 2016. Sürdürülebilir gelişmeyi sağlamada stratejik bir araç: Mahalle kooperatifleri. Çağdaş Yerel Yön, 25(3): 1-34.
• Kızılaslan H, Menek M. 2011. Türkiye’de kooperatiflerin hukuki statüsü ve vergiler karşısındaki durumu. IJMEB, 7(13): 37-52.
• Köroğlu S, 2003. Avrupa Birliğinde ve Türkiye’de tarımsal örgütlenme. T.C. Tarım ve Köy işleri Bakanlığı, Dış İlişkiler ve Avrupa Topluluğu Koordinasyon Dairesi Başkanlığı, AT Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara, 1-124s.
• Morales Gutierrez AC. 2005. A comparative synthesis of 20th century agricultural cooperative movements in Europe. JRC, 33(886-2016-64564): 47.
• Müftüoğlu H. 2001. Türk konut kooperatifçiliğine alternatif bir model: Almanya. TO Yay. İstanbul.11s.
• Saunders TJ. 2016. Self-Help and State Rescue: The Raiffeisen bank and rationalization of the cooperative movement in Weimar Germany. Canadian JH, 51(2): 300-328.
• Tan S, Karaönder İ. 2013. Türkiye’de Tarımsal örgütlenme politikalarının ve mevzuatının irdelenmesi: tarımsal amaçlı kooperatifler örneği. ÇOMÜ Zir Fak Derg, 1(1): 87- 94.
• Tutar F, Alpaslan C, Tutar E, Turgut A. 2014. Türkiye’de Yerel kalkınmanın yeni aktörü üçüncü sektör: kooperatifler. JSHSR, 2(1): 501-524.
• Türkiye Kooperatifçilik Raporu. 2017. http://koop.gtb.gov.tr/data/592ea2dd1a79f514ac499aae/TKR-2016-2017%200804-BASIM.pdf. (accessed date: September 15, 2017).