Research Article
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Effects of Temperature and Precipitation on Tea Yield in Turkey

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 126 - 136, 01.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1056132

Abstract

The study aims to determine the changes in annual tea yield in Turkey between 1975 and 2019 and analyse the yield relationship with temperature and precipitation conditions. Within the scope of the study, statistical relationships between monthly temperature and precipitation data and annual tea yield were examined. In addition, the annual changes and trends in the yearly tea yield were revealed. As a result of the study, a statistically significant positive relationship was determined between annual average, maximum and minimum temperatures and annual tea yield. On the other hand, the relationship between total yearly precipitation and annual tea yield was insignificant. Relationships between temperature and yield are more substantial in summer. A statistically significant increasing trend was defined in tea yield during the 1975-2019 period in the research area. There was a considerable increase in annual average temperatures in the same period but an insignificant increase in precipitation. In the light of these, an increase in tea yield due to temperature rises can be expected in the region by looking at climate change scenarios.

References

  • Akçakaya A, Sümer UM, Demircan M, Demir Ö, Atay H, Eskioğlu O, Gürkan H, Yazıcı B, Kocatürk A, Şensoy S, Bölük E, Arabacı H, Açar Y, Ekici M, Yağan S, Çukurçayır F. 2015. Yeni senaryolarla Türkiye iklim projeksiyonları ve iklim değişikliği-TR2015-CC. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü yayını, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 49.
  • Ali M, Uddin MN, Mobin MN, Saha N. 2014. Effects of microclimatic parameter on tea leaf production in different tea Estates, Bangladesh. J Environ Sci Nat Res, 7(1): 183-186.
  • An N, Turp MT, Türkeş M, Kurnaz ML. 2020. Mid-term impact of climate change on hazelnut yield. Agri, 10(159): 1-20.
  • Bhagat RM, Deb Baruah R, Safique S. 2010. Climate and tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] production with special reference to northeastern India: a review. J Environ Res Devel, 4: 1017-1028.
  • Biggs EM, Gupta N, Saikia SD, Duncan JMA. 2018. The tea landscape of Assam: Multi-stakeholder insights into sustainable livelihoods under a changing climate. Environ Sci Policy, 82: 9-18.
  • Bütüner M. 2019. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin fındık ve çay tarımına etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ataturk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum, Turkey, pp. 66.
  • Carr MKV, Stephens W. 1992. Climate, weather and the yield of tea. In: Willson KC, Clifford MN (editors). Tea. Springer: Dordrecht, Nederland, pp. 135.
  • Chmielewski FM. 1992. Impact of climate changes on crop yields of winter rye in Halle (southeastern Germany), 1901 to 1980. Climate Res, 2 (1): 23-33.
  • ÇAY-KUR. 2019. Çay İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü 2019 Yılı Çay Sektörü Raporu. URL: https://www.caykur.gov.tr/Pages/Yayinlar/YayinDetay.aspx?ItemType=5&ItemId=721, (access date: May 11, 2020).
  • Duncan JMA, Saikia SD, Gupta N, Biggs EM. 2016. Observing climate impacts on tea yield in Assam, India. App Geography, 77: 64-71.
  • Ersöz F, Ersöz T. 2020. İstatistik-I, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 279.
  • Esham M, Garforth C. 2013. Climate change and agricultural adaptation in Sri Lanka: a review. Climate Devel, 5 (1): 66-76.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2018. FAOSTAT, URL: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/ (access date: May 14, 2020).
  • Fritts HC. 1976. Tree rings and climate. London Academic Press London, UK, pp. 567.
  • Gürkan H, Arabacı H, Demircan M, Eskioğlu O, Şensoy S. 2016. Temperature and precipitation projections based on GFDL-ESM2M using RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for Turkey, Turkish J Geographical Sci, 14(2): 77- 88.
  • HGM. 2014. İl ve ilçe yüzölçümleri, URL: https://www.harita.gov.tr/images/urun/il_ilce_alanlari.pdf (access date: February 21, 2020).
  • Horuz A, Korkmaz A (2006). Farklı sürgün dönemlerinde hasat edilen çayın verimi, azot içeriği ve mineral madde kompozisyonu, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ J Fac Agri, 21(1): 49-54.
  • İrdem C. 2021. Effects of temperature and precipitation on hazelnut yield in Turkey. Turkish J Geographical Sci, 19(1): 242-262.
  • Karabulut M, Cosun F. 2009. Precipitation trend analyses in Kahramanmaraş. Turkish J Geographical Sci, 7(1): 65-83.
  • Koday S. 2014. The expansion of tea plantation in Turkey. Turkish Geographical Rev, 35: 321-346.
  • Kurt G, Hacıoğlu HK. 2013. Dünya ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin çay üretiminin istatistiklerle incelenmesi. In: Proceedings II. Rize Kalkınma Sempozyumu: Çay – Lojistik – Turizm, 3 – 4 Mayıs 2013, Rize, Turkey, pp. 39-63.
  • Lobell DB, Schlenker W, Costa-Roberts J. 2011. Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science, 333(6042): 616-620.
  • McCarl BA, Adams RM, Hurd BH. 2001. Global climate change and its impact on agriculture. In C. Chang and C. Huang (editors), Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. UNESCO pp. 1-19.
  • Mendelsohn R. 2008. The impact of climate change on agriculture in developing countries. J Nat Res Pol Res, 1(1): 5-19.
  • Nowogrodzki A. 2019. How climate change might affect tea. Nature, 566(7742): 10-11.
  • Pearce D, Cline W, Achanta A, Fankhauser S, Pachauri et al. 1996. The social costs of climate change: Greenhouse damage and benefits of control, in: J. Bruce, H. Lee and E. Haites (editors). Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 179-224.
  • Rahman MM, Islam MN, Hossain MR, Ali, MA. 2017. Statistical association between temperature-rainfall and tea yield at Sylhet Malnicherra Tea Estate: an empirical analysis. The Jahangirnagar Rev Part II, Soc Sci, 41: 1-13.
  • Ray DK, Gerber JS, MacDonald GK, West PC. 2015. Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability. Nature Commun, 6(5989): 1-9.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. (2020). Dünya’da çay. URL: https://www.google.com/search?hl=tr&q=%C3%9CR%C3%9CN+MASALARI+%C3%87AY,+FINDIK,%C4%B0NC%C4%B0R,+KAYISI,+K%C4%B0RAZ+VE+%C3%9CZ%C3%9CM+%C3%9CR%C3%9CN+DE%C4%9EERLEND%C4%B0RME+RAPORLARI+YAY IMLANDI, (access date: April 19, 2021).
  • Rosenzweig C, Hillel D. 1995. Potential impacts of climate change on agriculture and world food supply. Consequences, 1(2): 23-32.
  • SPSS. 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 for Windows. Armonk, NY, USA.
  • Tanton T. 1982. Environmental factors affecting the yield of tea (Camellia sinensis). II. Effects of soil temperature, day length, and dry air. Experimental Agri, 18(1): 53-63.
  • Tubiello FN, Rosenzweig C, Goldbert A, Japtag S, Jones W. 2002. Effects of climate change on US crop production: simulation results using two different GCM scenarios. Part I: Wheat, potato, maize, and citrus. Climate Res, 20(3): 259-270.
  • TURKSTAT. 2020. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Bitkisel Ürün İstatistikleri. URL: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (access date: April 10, 2020).
  • Ustaoğlu B, Karaca M. 2010. The possible effects of temperature conditions on hazelnut farming in Turkey. İTÜ Derg, 9(3): 153-161.
  • Üstün Ç, Demirci N. 2013. The plant of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) historical development and medical evaluation-çay bitkisinin (Camellia sinensis (L.)) tarihsel gelişimi ve tıbbi açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniv Tıp Fak Lokman Hekim Tıp Tar Folklorik Tıp Derg, 3(3): 5-12.
  • Wheeler TR, Craufurd PQ, Ellis RH, Porter JR, Prasad PVV. 2000. Temperature variability and the annual yield of crops. Agriculture. Ecosys Environ, 82: 159-167.
  • Wijeratne MA, Anandacoomaraswamy A, Amarathunga MKSLD, Ratnasiri J, Basnayake BRSB. 2007. Assessment of the impact of climate change on the productivity of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) plantations in Sri Lanka. J National Sci Foundation of Sri Lanka, 35(2): 119-126.
  • Yurt R. 1991. Türkiye çay iklimi. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü, Turkey, pp. 321.
Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 126 - 136, 01.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1056132

Abstract

References

  • Akçakaya A, Sümer UM, Demircan M, Demir Ö, Atay H, Eskioğlu O, Gürkan H, Yazıcı B, Kocatürk A, Şensoy S, Bölük E, Arabacı H, Açar Y, Ekici M, Yağan S, Çukurçayır F. 2015. Yeni senaryolarla Türkiye iklim projeksiyonları ve iklim değişikliği-TR2015-CC. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü yayını, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 49.
  • Ali M, Uddin MN, Mobin MN, Saha N. 2014. Effects of microclimatic parameter on tea leaf production in different tea Estates, Bangladesh. J Environ Sci Nat Res, 7(1): 183-186.
  • An N, Turp MT, Türkeş M, Kurnaz ML. 2020. Mid-term impact of climate change on hazelnut yield. Agri, 10(159): 1-20.
  • Bhagat RM, Deb Baruah R, Safique S. 2010. Climate and tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] production with special reference to northeastern India: a review. J Environ Res Devel, 4: 1017-1028.
  • Biggs EM, Gupta N, Saikia SD, Duncan JMA. 2018. The tea landscape of Assam: Multi-stakeholder insights into sustainable livelihoods under a changing climate. Environ Sci Policy, 82: 9-18.
  • Bütüner M. 2019. Küresel iklim değişikliğinin fındık ve çay tarımına etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ataturk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum, Turkey, pp. 66.
  • Carr MKV, Stephens W. 1992. Climate, weather and the yield of tea. In: Willson KC, Clifford MN (editors). Tea. Springer: Dordrecht, Nederland, pp. 135.
  • Chmielewski FM. 1992. Impact of climate changes on crop yields of winter rye in Halle (southeastern Germany), 1901 to 1980. Climate Res, 2 (1): 23-33.
  • ÇAY-KUR. 2019. Çay İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü 2019 Yılı Çay Sektörü Raporu. URL: https://www.caykur.gov.tr/Pages/Yayinlar/YayinDetay.aspx?ItemType=5&ItemId=721, (access date: May 11, 2020).
  • Duncan JMA, Saikia SD, Gupta N, Biggs EM. 2016. Observing climate impacts on tea yield in Assam, India. App Geography, 77: 64-71.
  • Ersöz F, Ersöz T. 2020. İstatistik-I, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 279.
  • Esham M, Garforth C. 2013. Climate change and agricultural adaptation in Sri Lanka: a review. Climate Devel, 5 (1): 66-76.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2018. FAOSTAT, URL: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/ (access date: May 14, 2020).
  • Fritts HC. 1976. Tree rings and climate. London Academic Press London, UK, pp. 567.
  • Gürkan H, Arabacı H, Demircan M, Eskioğlu O, Şensoy S. 2016. Temperature and precipitation projections based on GFDL-ESM2M using RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios for Turkey, Turkish J Geographical Sci, 14(2): 77- 88.
  • HGM. 2014. İl ve ilçe yüzölçümleri, URL: https://www.harita.gov.tr/images/urun/il_ilce_alanlari.pdf (access date: February 21, 2020).
  • Horuz A, Korkmaz A (2006). Farklı sürgün dönemlerinde hasat edilen çayın verimi, azot içeriği ve mineral madde kompozisyonu, Ondokuz Mayıs Univ J Fac Agri, 21(1): 49-54.
  • İrdem C. 2021. Effects of temperature and precipitation on hazelnut yield in Turkey. Turkish J Geographical Sci, 19(1): 242-262.
  • Karabulut M, Cosun F. 2009. Precipitation trend analyses in Kahramanmaraş. Turkish J Geographical Sci, 7(1): 65-83.
  • Koday S. 2014. The expansion of tea plantation in Turkey. Turkish Geographical Rev, 35: 321-346.
  • Kurt G, Hacıoğlu HK. 2013. Dünya ülkeleri ile Türkiye’nin çay üretiminin istatistiklerle incelenmesi. In: Proceedings II. Rize Kalkınma Sempozyumu: Çay – Lojistik – Turizm, 3 – 4 Mayıs 2013, Rize, Turkey, pp. 39-63.
  • Lobell DB, Schlenker W, Costa-Roberts J. 2011. Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science, 333(6042): 616-620.
  • McCarl BA, Adams RM, Hurd BH. 2001. Global climate change and its impact on agriculture. In C. Chang and C. Huang (editors), Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. UNESCO pp. 1-19.
  • Mendelsohn R. 2008. The impact of climate change on agriculture in developing countries. J Nat Res Pol Res, 1(1): 5-19.
  • Nowogrodzki A. 2019. How climate change might affect tea. Nature, 566(7742): 10-11.
  • Pearce D, Cline W, Achanta A, Fankhauser S, Pachauri et al. 1996. The social costs of climate change: Greenhouse damage and benefits of control, in: J. Bruce, H. Lee and E. Haites (editors). Climate Change 1995: Economic and Social Dimensions of Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 179-224.
  • Rahman MM, Islam MN, Hossain MR, Ali, MA. 2017. Statistical association between temperature-rainfall and tea yield at Sylhet Malnicherra Tea Estate: an empirical analysis. The Jahangirnagar Rev Part II, Soc Sci, 41: 1-13.
  • Ray DK, Gerber JS, MacDonald GK, West PC. 2015. Climate variation explains a third of global crop yield variability. Nature Commun, 6(5989): 1-9.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. (2020). Dünya’da çay. URL: https://www.google.com/search?hl=tr&q=%C3%9CR%C3%9CN+MASALARI+%C3%87AY,+FINDIK,%C4%B0NC%C4%B0R,+KAYISI,+K%C4%B0RAZ+VE+%C3%9CZ%C3%9CM+%C3%9CR%C3%9CN+DE%C4%9EERLEND%C4%B0RME+RAPORLARI+YAY IMLANDI, (access date: April 19, 2021).
  • Rosenzweig C, Hillel D. 1995. Potential impacts of climate change on agriculture and world food supply. Consequences, 1(2): 23-32.
  • SPSS. 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 for Windows. Armonk, NY, USA.
  • Tanton T. 1982. Environmental factors affecting the yield of tea (Camellia sinensis). II. Effects of soil temperature, day length, and dry air. Experimental Agri, 18(1): 53-63.
  • Tubiello FN, Rosenzweig C, Goldbert A, Japtag S, Jones W. 2002. Effects of climate change on US crop production: simulation results using two different GCM scenarios. Part I: Wheat, potato, maize, and citrus. Climate Res, 20(3): 259-270.
  • TURKSTAT. 2020. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Bitkisel Ürün İstatistikleri. URL: https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (access date: April 10, 2020).
  • Ustaoğlu B, Karaca M. 2010. The possible effects of temperature conditions on hazelnut farming in Turkey. İTÜ Derg, 9(3): 153-161.
  • Üstün Ç, Demirci N. 2013. The plant of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) historical development and medical evaluation-çay bitkisinin (Camellia sinensis (L.)) tarihsel gelişimi ve tıbbi açıdan değerlendirilmesi. Mersin Üniv Tıp Fak Lokman Hekim Tıp Tar Folklorik Tıp Derg, 3(3): 5-12.
  • Wheeler TR, Craufurd PQ, Ellis RH, Porter JR, Prasad PVV. 2000. Temperature variability and the annual yield of crops. Agriculture. Ecosys Environ, 82: 159-167.
  • Wijeratne MA, Anandacoomaraswamy A, Amarathunga MKSLD, Ratnasiri J, Basnayake BRSB. 2007. Assessment of the impact of climate change on the productivity of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) plantations in Sri Lanka. J National Sci Foundation of Sri Lanka, 35(2): 119-126.
  • Yurt R. 1991. Türkiye çay iklimi. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Deniz Bilimleri ve Coğrafya Enstitüsü, Turkey, pp. 321.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Cemil İrdem 0000-0003-4796-0618

Publication Date April 1, 2022
Submission Date January 11, 2022
Acceptance Date March 11, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İrdem, C. (2022). Effects of Temperature and Precipitation on Tea Yield in Turkey. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 5(2), 126-136. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1056132

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