The Antagonistic and Synergistic Comparison of the Antimicrobial Characteristics of Extracts of Some Herbs

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 248 - 254, 01.07.2022

Ayşegül Doğan Cihan Darcan

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1091459

Abstract

In the present study, the antagonistic and synergistic effects of Achillea millefolium L., Anthemis cretica L., Cichorium intybus L., Euphorbia seguieriana Necker and Hypericum perforatum L plant extracts collected from Samsun were investigated. Gram negative bacteria; Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella typhimurium, Gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes were used as research materials. In the research, methanol and diethyl were used as solvents. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were determined by microbroth dilution method. According to the results of the research; all plant extracts obtained using both methanol and diethyl ether solvent were determined to be more effective against gram positive bacteria. While the whole plant extract showed the most effect on Bacillus cereus bacteria, Hypericum perforatum L. methanol extract was the most effective plant against gram positive bacteria. Achillea millefolium L.: Cichorium intybus L., Achillea millefolium L.: Hypericum perforatum L. and Cichorium intybus L.: Hypericum perforatum L. methanol mixture extracts and Achillea millefolium L.: Hypericum perfarotum L. diethyl ether extract showed a synergistic effect, while other plant mixture extracts showed semi-synergistic or ineffective properties.

Keywords

Combination, Plant extracts, Synergistic effects, Antimicrobial activity, Herbal medicine

References

• Al-Terehi M, Abed-Neama Z, Al-Askeri M, Zaida HK, Al-Saadi AH, Behjet RH, Haleem Z. 2015. Efficiency of Plants Extracts Synergism as Antibacterial Activity on Pathogenic Bacteria. Adv Life Sci Tech, 36: 8-15.
• Aydın S, Sevindik E. 2018. Achillea millefolium L. subsp. millefolium essential oil’s antifungal effect. European J Biol Res, 8(3): 153-156.
• Bahmani M, Taherikalani M, Khaksarian, M, Kopaei MR, Ashrafi B, Nazer M, Soroush S, Abbasi N, Rashidipour M. 2019. The synergistic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum vulgare, Hypericum perforatum and their active components carvacrol and hypericin against Staphylococcus aureus. Future Sci OA, 5(3): FSO371.
• Betoni JEC, Mantovani RP, Barbosa LN, Di Stasi LC, Fernandes A. 2006. Synergism between plant extract and antimicrobial drugs used on Staphylococcus aureus diseases. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 101: 387.
• Çolak S, Çolak S, Dağlı F, Çömlekcioğlu N, Kocabaş YZ, Aygan A. 2020. Achillea aleppica subsp. aleppica’nın farklı organlarından elde edilen ekstraktların antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ve bazı fitokimyasal özellikleri. Gıda, 45(5): 929-941.
• Darcan C. 2012. Expression of OmpC and OmpF porin proteins and survival of Escherichia coli under photooxidative stress in Black Sea water. Aquatic Biol, 17(2): 97-105.
• Darcan C, Kaygusuz Ö, Leblebici S, Gülümser E, Acar Z. 2021. Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Bituminaria sp. genotypes at different growth stages Indian J Exp Biol, 59: 302-309.
• Del Monte D, De Martino L, Marandino A, Fratianni F, Nazzaro F, De Feo V. 2015. Phenolic content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Hypericum perfoliatum L. Indust Crops Prod, 74: 342-347.
• Düzgüner V, Erbil N. 2020. Ardahan yöresinde yetişen kılıç otu bitkisinin (Hypericum perforatum) antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan etkilerinin araştırılması. Türk Tarım Doğa Bil Derg, 7(1): 27-31.
• Enerva LT, Atienza TV, Glifonea ZR, Villamor OB, Villa NA. 2015. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial property of the leaf extract of euphorbia hirta. Open J Soc Sci, 3: 162-170.
• Fatemi N, Sharifmoghadam MR, Bahreini M, Khameneh B, Shadifar H. 2020. Antibacterial and synergistic sffects of herbal extracts in combination with amikacin and imipenem against multidrug‑resistant Isolates of Acinetobacter. Curr Microbiol, 77: 1959-1967.
• Formisano C, Rigano D, Senatorea F, Raimondo FM, Maggio A, Bruno M. 2012. Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Anthemis mixta and A. tomentosa (Asteraceae). Natural Prod Commun, 7(10): 1379-1382.
• Gul M, Cali IO, Cansaran A, Idil O, Kulu I, Celikoglu U. 2017. Evaluation of phytochemical content, antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and DNA cleavage effect of endemic Linaria corifolia Desf. (Plantaginaceae). Cogent Chem, 3(1): 1337293.
• Gupta R, Gupta J. 2019. Investigation of antimicrobial activity of euphorbia hirta leaves. Int J Life Sci Pharma Res, 9(3): 32-37.
• György É. 2010. Study of the antimicrobial activity and synergistic effect of some plant extracts and essential oils. Rev Română de Medicină de Lab, 18(1/4): 49-56.
• Hundur DO, İdil Ö, Kandemir N, Gül M, Konar V. 2018. Phytochemical screening and in-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and DNA interaction of Leucojum aestivum. Fres Env Bul, 27(10): 6704-6710.
• Kasrati A, Jamali CA, Fadli M, Bekkouche K, Hassani L, Wohlmuth H, Leach D, Abbad A. 2014. Antioxidative activity and synergistic effect of Thymus saturejoides Coss. Essential oils with cefixime against selected food-borne bacteria. Ind Crops Prod, 61: 338-344.
• Kharma A, Hassawi D. 2006. The antimicrobial activity and the genetic relationship of achillea species. Biotechnol, 5(4): 501-507.
• Koner A, Ghosh S, Roy P. 2011. Isolation of antimicrobial compounds from chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root. Int J Res Pure Appl Microbiol, 1(2): 13-18.
• Leblebici S, Kaygusuz Ö, Korkmaz T, Darcan C. 2016. The antimicrobial activities of the leaves of some endemic stachys species spreading in west Anatolia Turkey. Mitteilungen Klosterneuburg, 66(6): 18-28.
• Ma XH, Zheng CJ, Han LY, Xie B, Jia J, Cao ZW, Chen YZ. 2009. Synergistic therapeutic actions of herbal ingredients and their mechanisms from molecular interaction and network perspectives. Drug Discov Today, 14(11-12): 579-588.
• Maciel MAM, Pinto AC, Veiga Jr VF, Grynberg NF, Echevarria A. 2002. Medicinal plants: the need for multidisciplinary scientific studies. Quim Nova, 25(3): 429-438.
• Mehmood N, Zubaır M, Rızwan K, Rasool N, Shahid M, Ahmad VU. 2012. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis of cichoriumintybus seeds extract and various organic fractions. Iranian J Pharm Res, 11(4): 1145.
• Meral GE, Karabay NÜ. 2002. In vitro antibacterial activities of three Hypericum species from west Anatolia. Turkish E J Biotechnol, Special Issue: 6-10.
• Nandagopal S, Kumari BR. 2007. Phytochemical and antibacterial studies of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)-A multipurpose medicinal plant. Adv Biol Res, 1(1-2): 17-21.
• Nilson S, Gendron F, Bellegarde J, McKenna B, Louie D, Manson G, Alphonse H. 2014. Prelimınary scientific investigation of the effectiveness of the medicinal plants plantago major and Achillea millefolıum against the bacteria Pseudomonas aerugınosa and Staphylococcus aureus in partnership with indigenous elders. Global J Res Medic Plants Ind Medic, 3(11): 402.
• Obuekwe IS, Okoyomo EP, Anka US. 2020. Effect of plant extract combinations on some bacterial pathogens. J App Sci Environ Manag, 24(4): 627-632.
• Okmen G, Balpınar N. 2017. The biological activities of Hypericum perforatum L. African J Trad Complem Altern Medic, 14(1): 213-218.
• Önem E, Çevikbaş H. 2018. Hypericum atomarium Boiss. farklı çözücü ekstraktlarının klinik stafilokok türleri üzerine antibakteriyel etkisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniv Fen Edeb Faki Fen Derg, 13(2): 164-172.
• Özkan EE, Çelik BÖ, Mat A. 2019. Antimicrobial activities of five endemic Hypericum species from Anatolia compared with Hypericum perforatum. J Res Pharm, 23(1): 114-119.
• Riccobono A, Maggio M, Bruno V, Spadaro FM, Raiomondo R. 2017. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of some species of Anthemis sect. Anthemis (Asteraceae) from Sicily, 31: 23.
• Rocha ARF, Sousa HG, Júnior EPV, Lima FL, Costa A, Araújo AR, Lago EC. 2021. Extracts and fractions of Croton L. (Euphorbiaceae) species with antimicrobial activity and antioxidant potential. Food Sci Technol, 139: 110521.
• Salvagnini LE, Migliato KF, Isaac VLB, Correa MA, Salgado HRN, Pietro CLR. 2006. Evaluation of efficacy of preservatives associated with achillea millefolium l. extract against bacillus subtilis. Brazilian J Microbiol, 37: 75-77.
• Sharma K, Guleria S, Razdan VK, Babu V. 2020. Synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of some selected medicinal plants in combination and with synthetic compounds. Indust Crops Prod, 154: 112569.
• Stefanovic OD, Stanojevic DD, Comic LR. 2012. Synergistic antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis and Cichorium intybus extracts and antibiotics. Acta Pol Pharm, 69(3): 457-463.
• Yanar O, Aykol G, Topkara EF, Solmaz FG, Mercan S, Eski A. 2021. An example of the effect of diet quality on the immune system of an infected insect: Uresiphita gilvata (Fabricius, 1794), Fres Envir Bul, 30(5): 4749-4755.