Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Determining and Mapping Biomass Energy Potential from Agricultural Residues in Syria

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 391 - 398, 15.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1479266

Abstract

Syria faces a problem of restricted access to fossil fuels due to limited resources. In this paper, the potential of biomass and the energy value produced from agricultural residues for 32 agricultural crops has been studied. Data from the Syrian Ministry of Agriculture for the year 2016 were utilized to determine the total annual potential of field and orchard agricultural residues using the residue-to-product ratio. The study also examined the distribution of regions with the highest production of agricultural waste in the country. The research found that approximately 1.93 million tons of agricultural residues were produced, with 0.698 and 1.213 million tons for field and orchard crops, respectively. The most significant agricultural residues came from olive trees, wheat plants, and orange trees, accounting for 35%, 11%, and 10%, respectively. The possible heat value from field and orchard crops was 23972 and 44932 Btu, respectively. This quantity provides 17.6% of Syria's energy consumption. The provinces with the highest production of agricultural residues were Aleppo, Lattakia, and Tartus, with values of 12.35, 11.8, and 8.04 PJ, respectively. According to the study, agricultural residues in Syria have the potential to be a sustainable source for biomass.

References

  • Akinbomi J, Brandberg T, Sanni SA, Taherzadeh MJ. 2014. Development and dissemination strategies for accelerating biogas production in Nigeria. Bioresources 9: 5707-5737.
  • Akkoyunlu S. 2013. Agricultural innovations in Turkey. Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research: Bern, Switzerland, pp: 53.
  • Askarova A, Zamorano M, Martín-Pascual J, Nugymanova A, Bolegenova S. 2022. A review of the energy potential of residual biomass for coincineration in Kazakhstan. Energies 15: 6482. https://doi.org/ARTN 648210.3390/en15176482.
  • Avcıoğlu A, Dayıoğlu M, Türker U. 2019. Assessment of the energy potential of agricultural biomass residues in Turkey. Renew Energy, 138: 610-619.
  • Brachi P, Riianova E, Miccio M, Miccio F, Ruoppolo G, Chirone R. 2017. Valorization of sugar beet pulp via torrefaction with a focus on the effect of the preliminary extraction of pectins. Energy Fuels 31: 9595-9604.
  • Demirel B, Gürdil GAK, Gadalla O. 2019. Biomass energy potential from agricultural production in Sudan. ETHABD, 2: 35-38.
  • Fartash Naeimi E, Gürdil GAK, Demirel B. 2023. Assessment of energy production potential from agricultural residues in Azerbaijan. BSJ Eng Sci, 6(3): 283-286.
  • Gao J, Zhang A, Lam SK, Zhang X, Thomson AM, Lin E, Jiang K, Clarke LE, Edmonds JA, Kyle PG. 2016. An integrated assessment of the potential of agricultural and forestry residues for energy production in C hina. Gcb Bioenergy, 8: 880-893.
  • Ginni G, Kavitha S, Kannah Y, Bhatia SK, Kumar A, Rajkumar M, Kumar G, Pugazhendhi A, Chi NTL. 2021. Valorization of agricultural residues: Different biorefinery routes. J Environ Chem Eng, 9: 105435.
  • Gürdil G, Mengstu M, Medhn T. 2021. Biomass energy potential from agricultural residues in Eritrea. BSJ Agri, 4(3): 103-106.
  • Hamza R. 2007. Non-agricultural rural activities preliminary results from selected area of Syria. National Agricultural Policy Centre Working Paper.
  • Jorjani S, Yildirim HT, Rezaeinia S. 2021. Comparison of Iran and Turkey in terms of biomass energy use. Kent Akad, 14: 1235-1250.
  • Karaca C, Gürdil G, Öztürk H. 2017. Determining and mapping agricultural biomass energy potential in Samsun Province of Turkey. ICOEST 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, October 19-23, Budapest, Hungary, pp: 190-194.
  • Karaca C. 2015. Mapping of energy potential through annual crop residues in Turkey. Int J Agri Biol Eng, 8: 104-109. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20150802.1587.
  • Karaca C. 2019. Agricultural residues potential of Hatay. Mustafa Kemal Üniv Tarım Bil Derg, 24: 9-15.
  • Karaca C. 2022. The potential of agricultural residues in the districts of Adana. Turkish J Nat Sci, 1: 7-12.
  • Karaca C. 2023. The biogas potential of animal manure and its ghg reduction effect in Konya province, Turkey. J Environ Eng Landscape Manag 31: 232-239. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.20052.
  • Malaťák J, Dlabaja T. 2016. Hydrothermal carbonization of kitchen waste. Res Agri Eng, 62: 64-72.
  • Ronzon T, Piotrowski S. 2017. Are primary agricultural residues promising feedstock for the European bioeconomy? Indust Biotechnol, 13: 113-127.
  • Shahbeik H, Panahi HKS, Dehhaghi M, Guillemin GJ, Fallahi A, Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H, Amiri H, Rehan M, Raikwar D, Latine H. 2024. Biomass to biofuels using hydrothermal liquefaction: A comprehensive review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 189: 113976.
  • Soucek J, Jasinskas A. 2020. Assessment of the use of potatoes as a binder in flax heating pellets. Sustainability, 12: 10481. https://doi.org/ARTN 1048110.3390/su122410481.
  • Syrian Ministry of Agriculture. 2011. Statistical collection for the year 2011. https://www.egov.sy/employee/en/113/0/Minister+of+Agriculture+and+Agrarian+Reform+Eng-+Ahmad+al-Qadri.html (accessed date: May 14, 2023).
  • Tun MM, Juchelkova D, Win MM, Thu AM, Puchor T. 2019. Biomass energy: An overview of biomass sources, energy potential, and management in Southeast Asian countries. Resources-Basel, 8: 81. https://doi.org/ARTN 8110.3390/resources8020081.
  • Tun MM, Juchelková D. 2019. Biomass sources and energy potential for energy sector in Myanmar: An outlook. Resources-Basel, 8: 102. https://doi.org/ARTN 10210.3390/resources8020102.
  • Turker U, Gerdan D, Dayioglu MA, Avcioglu AO. 2022. Exploitable energy potential based on agricultural biomass residues in Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull, 31: 4603-4609.
  • Unal H, Alibas K. 2007. Agricultural residues as biomass energy. Energy Sour Part B-Econ Plann Policy, 2: 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567240600629401.
  • Wang YZ, Wu JJ. 2023. Thermochemical conversion of biomass: Potential future prospects. Renew Sust Energ Rev, 187: 113754.
  • WHO. 2022. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2022: Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. URL: https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/67b1e9c7-1a7f-4dc6-a19e-f6472a4ea83a/content (accessed date: May 14, 2023).
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 391 - 398, 15.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1479266

Abstract

References

  • Akinbomi J, Brandberg T, Sanni SA, Taherzadeh MJ. 2014. Development and dissemination strategies for accelerating biogas production in Nigeria. Bioresources 9: 5707-5737.
  • Akkoyunlu S. 2013. Agricultural innovations in Turkey. Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research: Bern, Switzerland, pp: 53.
  • Askarova A, Zamorano M, Martín-Pascual J, Nugymanova A, Bolegenova S. 2022. A review of the energy potential of residual biomass for coincineration in Kazakhstan. Energies 15: 6482. https://doi.org/ARTN 648210.3390/en15176482.
  • Avcıoğlu A, Dayıoğlu M, Türker U. 2019. Assessment of the energy potential of agricultural biomass residues in Turkey. Renew Energy, 138: 610-619.
  • Brachi P, Riianova E, Miccio M, Miccio F, Ruoppolo G, Chirone R. 2017. Valorization of sugar beet pulp via torrefaction with a focus on the effect of the preliminary extraction of pectins. Energy Fuels 31: 9595-9604.
  • Demirel B, Gürdil GAK, Gadalla O. 2019. Biomass energy potential from agricultural production in Sudan. ETHABD, 2: 35-38.
  • Fartash Naeimi E, Gürdil GAK, Demirel B. 2023. Assessment of energy production potential from agricultural residues in Azerbaijan. BSJ Eng Sci, 6(3): 283-286.
  • Gao J, Zhang A, Lam SK, Zhang X, Thomson AM, Lin E, Jiang K, Clarke LE, Edmonds JA, Kyle PG. 2016. An integrated assessment of the potential of agricultural and forestry residues for energy production in C hina. Gcb Bioenergy, 8: 880-893.
  • Ginni G, Kavitha S, Kannah Y, Bhatia SK, Kumar A, Rajkumar M, Kumar G, Pugazhendhi A, Chi NTL. 2021. Valorization of agricultural residues: Different biorefinery routes. J Environ Chem Eng, 9: 105435.
  • Gürdil G, Mengstu M, Medhn T. 2021. Biomass energy potential from agricultural residues in Eritrea. BSJ Agri, 4(3): 103-106.
  • Hamza R. 2007. Non-agricultural rural activities preliminary results from selected area of Syria. National Agricultural Policy Centre Working Paper.
  • Jorjani S, Yildirim HT, Rezaeinia S. 2021. Comparison of Iran and Turkey in terms of biomass energy use. Kent Akad, 14: 1235-1250.
  • Karaca C, Gürdil G, Öztürk H. 2017. Determining and mapping agricultural biomass energy potential in Samsun Province of Turkey. ICOEST 3rd International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, October 19-23, Budapest, Hungary, pp: 190-194.
  • Karaca C. 2015. Mapping of energy potential through annual crop residues in Turkey. Int J Agri Biol Eng, 8: 104-109. https://doi.org/10.3965/j.ijabe.20150802.1587.
  • Karaca C. 2019. Agricultural residues potential of Hatay. Mustafa Kemal Üniv Tarım Bil Derg, 24: 9-15.
  • Karaca C. 2022. The potential of agricultural residues in the districts of Adana. Turkish J Nat Sci, 1: 7-12.
  • Karaca C. 2023. The biogas potential of animal manure and its ghg reduction effect in Konya province, Turkey. J Environ Eng Landscape Manag 31: 232-239. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.20052.
  • Malaťák J, Dlabaja T. 2016. Hydrothermal carbonization of kitchen waste. Res Agri Eng, 62: 64-72.
  • Ronzon T, Piotrowski S. 2017. Are primary agricultural residues promising feedstock for the European bioeconomy? Indust Biotechnol, 13: 113-127.
  • Shahbeik H, Panahi HKS, Dehhaghi M, Guillemin GJ, Fallahi A, Hosseinzadeh-Bandbafha H, Amiri H, Rehan M, Raikwar D, Latine H. 2024. Biomass to biofuels using hydrothermal liquefaction: A comprehensive review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev, 189: 113976.
  • Soucek J, Jasinskas A. 2020. Assessment of the use of potatoes as a binder in flax heating pellets. Sustainability, 12: 10481. https://doi.org/ARTN 1048110.3390/su122410481.
  • Syrian Ministry of Agriculture. 2011. Statistical collection for the year 2011. https://www.egov.sy/employee/en/113/0/Minister+of+Agriculture+and+Agrarian+Reform+Eng-+Ahmad+al-Qadri.html (accessed date: May 14, 2023).
  • Tun MM, Juchelkova D, Win MM, Thu AM, Puchor T. 2019. Biomass energy: An overview of biomass sources, energy potential, and management in Southeast Asian countries. Resources-Basel, 8: 81. https://doi.org/ARTN 8110.3390/resources8020081.
  • Tun MM, Juchelková D. 2019. Biomass sources and energy potential for energy sector in Myanmar: An outlook. Resources-Basel, 8: 102. https://doi.org/ARTN 10210.3390/resources8020102.
  • Turker U, Gerdan D, Dayioglu MA, Avcioglu AO. 2022. Exploitable energy potential based on agricultural biomass residues in Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull, 31: 4603-4609.
  • Unal H, Alibas K. 2007. Agricultural residues as biomass energy. Energy Sour Part B-Econ Plann Policy, 2: 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567240600629401.
  • Wang YZ, Wu JJ. 2023. Thermochemical conversion of biomass: Potential future prospects. Renew Sust Energ Rev, 187: 113754.
  • WHO. 2022. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2022: Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. URL: https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/67b1e9c7-1a7f-4dc6-a19e-f6472a4ea83a/content (accessed date: May 14, 2023).
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biosystem, Agricultural Energy Systems, Agricultural Structures
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Laith Ghanem 0009-0005-5195-2647

Gürkan A. K. Gürdil 0000-0001-7764-3977

Mohamedeltayib Omer Salih Eissa 0000-0003-0186-1112

Bahadır Demirel 0000-0002-2650-1167

Publication Date July 15, 2024
Submission Date May 6, 2024
Acceptance Date July 2, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ghanem, L., Gürdil, G. A. K., Omer Salih Eissa, M., Demirel, B. (2024). Determining and Mapping Biomass Energy Potential from Agricultural Residues in Syria. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 7(4), 391-398. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1479266

                                                  24890