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Meat and Blood Spots as a Quality Trait on Table Eggs: Causes and Solutions

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 6, 790 - 794, 15.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1504881

Abstract

Eggs are considered one of the most complete foods in the human diet, with their composition particularly rich in vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and excellent biological value proteins. With widespread use in the food industry due to both its nutritional value and functional properties, the production of quality eggs is critical in terms of food safety and therefore consumer health. However, egg quality has different meanings for consumers and consumers' perception of quality varies depending on the purpose of use and their own preferences. One of the most important defects affecting consumer preferences in terms of internal quality characteristics in eggs is meat and/or blood spots. Although the formation of meat and blood spots depends on factors such as the hen age, health status, feeding and management, it also emerges as a hereditary trait, especially in brown layers. According to different production systems, producers try to reduce the formation of meat-blood spots in eggs with management and feeding strategies to alleviate environmental stress. In addition, thanks to the developments in genetics and biotechnology, researchers and breeding companies have started to focus on the genetic background of meat-blood spot inclusions and to identify the genes affecting their formation. In this review, the occurrence and causes of meat-blood spots, one of the internal quality characteristics affecting consumer preferences in table eggs, were explained and suggestions to reduce the incidence were presented.

References

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  • Lordelo M, Cid J, Cordovil CMDS, Alves SP, Bessa RJB, Carolino I. 2020. A comparison between the quality of eggs from indigenous chicken breeds and that from commercial layers. Poult Sci, 99: 1768-1776.
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  • Rehault-Godbert S, Guyot N, Nys Y. 2019. The golden egg: Nutritional value, bioactivities, and emerging benefits for human health. Nutrients, 11: 684.
  • Rizzi C. 2020. Yield performance, laying behaviour traits and egg quality of purebred and hybrid hens reared under outdoor conditions. Animals, 10: 584-599.
  • Roll VFB, Briz RC, Levrino GAM. 2009. Floor versus cage rearing: effects on production, egg quality and physical condition of laying hens housed in furnished cages. Cienc Rural Santa Maria, 39: 1527-1532.
  • Safaa HM, Serrano MP, Valencia DG, Arbe X, Jimenez-Moreno E, Lazaro R, Mateos GG. 2008a. Effects of the levels of methionine, linoleic acid, and added fat in the diet on productive performance and egg quality of brown laying hens in the late phase of production. Poult Sci, 87: 1595-1602.
  • Safaa HM, Serrano MP, Valencia DG, Frikha M, Jimenez-Moreno E, Mateos GG. 2008b. Productive performance and egg quality of brown egg-laying hens in the late phase of production as influenced by level and source of calcium in the diet. Poult Sci, 87: 2043-2051.
  • Shane S.M. 2007. Mycotoxins impact egg production. URL= https://www.wattagnet.com/home/article/15473561/mycotoxins-impact-egg-production (accessed date: April 20, 2024).
  • Sokolowicz Z, Krawczyk J, Dykiel M. 2018. The effect of the type of alternative housing system, genotype and age of laying hens on egg quality. Ann Anim Sci, 18: 541-555.
  • Stadelman WJ, Jensen LS, Cyrus M. 1952. The relationship of Shell color to the incidence of blood and meat spots in hens’ eggs. Poultry Sci, 31: 855-856.
  • TS 1068. 2015. Türk Standardı. Tavuk yumurtası-kabuklu. Ekim 2015, ICS 67.120.20.
  • TUIK. 2024. Kümes hayvancılığı üretimi. URL= https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Poultry-Production-March-2024-53564 (accessed date: March 16, 2024).
  • USDA. 2000. United States standards, grades, and weight classes for shell eggs. URL= https://www.ams.usda.gov/grades-standards/shell-egg-grades-and-standards (accessed date: March 18, 2024).
  • Van de Braak T. 2023. Blood and meat spots found in eggs. URL= https://www.layer-resources.com/en/articles/blood-and-meat-spots-found-in-eggs/ (accessed date: March 18, 2024).
  • Yıldırım Z. 2024. Broiler and layer breeder market and consumption trends. Strategic approaches for sustainable poultry meat and egg production, May 8-11, Bursa, Türkiye, pp: 4-8.
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 6, 790 - 794, 15.11.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1504881

Abstract

References

  • Altan Ö, Altan A, Şeremet Ç. 2009. Organik yumurtalarda kalite özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi ve tüketici açısından algılanması. In: 1. GAP Organik Tarım Kongresi, November 17-20, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye, pp: 622.
  • Altan Ö. 2015. Yumurta – oluşumu, kalitesi ve biyoaktif komponentleri. Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye, pp: 155.
  • Anonymous. 2023. Yumurta sektörünün sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. URL= https://istib.org.tr/resim/siteici/files/12_%20BMSK%20Yumurta%202023.pdf (accessed date: April 10, 2024).
  • Anonymous. 2024. Statista, Global egg production. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/263972/egg-production-worldwide-since-1990/ (accessed date: April 18, 2024).
  • Bearse GE, McClary CF, Saxena HC. 1960. Blood spot incidence in chicken eggs and vitamin A level of the diet. Poultry Sci, 39: 860-865.
  • EU. 2008. EU Commission Regulation (EC) No 589/2008, marketing standards for eggs. URL= https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex %3A32008R0589 (accessed date: March 18, 2024).
  • FAO. 2023. Statistics between 2020-2022. URL= https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/688bd002-4ad2-4e42-aef5-a0b6aaa4e895/content (accessed date: April 10, 2024).
  • Fernandez ML. 2022. The role of eggs in healthy diets. J Family Pract, 71: S71-S75.
  • Flock DK. 2019. 60 years genetic improvement of laying hens. URL: https://lohmann-breeders.com/60-years-genetic-improvement-of-laying-hens/ (accessed date: March 18, 2024).
  • Jeffrey FP. 1945. Blood and meat spots in chicken eggs. Journal Series Paper of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University, New York, US, pp: 363-374.
  • Jiang Y, Fu D, Ma M. 2022. Egg freshness indexes correlations with ovomucin concentration during storage. J Food Qual, 2022: 9562886.
  • Ketelaere B, Mertens K, Kemps B, Bamelis F, Kamers B, Decuypere E, de Baerdemaeker J. 2005. Improved blood detection in consumption eggs using combined reflection-transmission spectroscopy. In: XIth European Symposium on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products, Doorwerth, The Netherlands, 23-26 May, pp: 394-400.
  • Kim J, Semyalo D, Rho T-G, Bae H, Cho B-K. 2022. Non-destructive detection of abnormal chicken eggs by using an optimized spectral analysis system. Sensors, 22: 9826.
  • Lordelo M, Cid J, Cordovil CMDS, Alves SP, Bessa RJB, Carolino I. 2020. A comparison between the quality of eggs from indigenous chicken breeds and that from commercial layers. Poult Sci, 99: 1768-1776.
  • Nalbandov AV, Card LE. 1944. The problem of blood clots and meat spots in chicken eggs. Poultry Sci, 23: 170-180.
  • OECD-FAO. 2023. Agricultural Outlook 2023-2032. URL= https://www.oecd.org/publications/oecd-fao-agricultural-outlook-19991142.htm (accessed date: April 19, 2024).
  • Rehault-Godbert S, Guyot N, Nys Y. 2019. The golden egg: Nutritional value, bioactivities, and emerging benefits for human health. Nutrients, 11: 684.
  • Rizzi C. 2020. Yield performance, laying behaviour traits and egg quality of purebred and hybrid hens reared under outdoor conditions. Animals, 10: 584-599.
  • Roll VFB, Briz RC, Levrino GAM. 2009. Floor versus cage rearing: effects on production, egg quality and physical condition of laying hens housed in furnished cages. Cienc Rural Santa Maria, 39: 1527-1532.
  • Safaa HM, Serrano MP, Valencia DG, Arbe X, Jimenez-Moreno E, Lazaro R, Mateos GG. 2008a. Effects of the levels of methionine, linoleic acid, and added fat in the diet on productive performance and egg quality of brown laying hens in the late phase of production. Poult Sci, 87: 1595-1602.
  • Safaa HM, Serrano MP, Valencia DG, Frikha M, Jimenez-Moreno E, Mateos GG. 2008b. Productive performance and egg quality of brown egg-laying hens in the late phase of production as influenced by level and source of calcium in the diet. Poult Sci, 87: 2043-2051.
  • Shane S.M. 2007. Mycotoxins impact egg production. URL= https://www.wattagnet.com/home/article/15473561/mycotoxins-impact-egg-production (accessed date: April 20, 2024).
  • Sokolowicz Z, Krawczyk J, Dykiel M. 2018. The effect of the type of alternative housing system, genotype and age of laying hens on egg quality. Ann Anim Sci, 18: 541-555.
  • Stadelman WJ, Jensen LS, Cyrus M. 1952. The relationship of Shell color to the incidence of blood and meat spots in hens’ eggs. Poultry Sci, 31: 855-856.
  • TS 1068. 2015. Türk Standardı. Tavuk yumurtası-kabuklu. Ekim 2015, ICS 67.120.20.
  • TUIK. 2024. Kümes hayvancılığı üretimi. URL= https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Poultry-Production-March-2024-53564 (accessed date: March 16, 2024).
  • USDA. 2000. United States standards, grades, and weight classes for shell eggs. URL= https://www.ams.usda.gov/grades-standards/shell-egg-grades-and-standards (accessed date: March 18, 2024).
  • Van de Braak T. 2023. Blood and meat spots found in eggs. URL= https://www.layer-resources.com/en/articles/blood-and-meat-spots-found-in-eggs/ (accessed date: March 18, 2024).
  • Yıldırım Z. 2024. Broiler and layer breeder market and consumption trends. Strategic approaches for sustainable poultry meat and egg production, May 8-11, Bursa, Türkiye, pp: 4-8.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Çiğdem Şeremet 0000-0002-9642-1648

Hüseyin Cem Güler 0000-0002-1527-1562

Publication Date November 15, 2024
Submission Date June 25, 2024
Acceptance Date September 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Şeremet, Ç., & Güler, H. C. (2024). Meat and Blood Spots as a Quality Trait on Table Eggs: Causes and Solutions. Black Sea Journal of Agriculture, 7(6), 790-794. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1504881

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