Effects of Beneficial Microorganisms and GA₃ Applications on Germination Parameters during Seed Germination Processes of Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Cultivars and Genotype

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 6, 868 - 874, 15.11.2025

Ebru Şirin , Yaşar Ertürk

https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1800518

Abstract

In this study, the effects of beneficial microorganisms and gibberellic acid (GA₃) applications on the germination parameters of seeds belonging to the Kaman 1 and Chandler walnut varieties and the Kaman 5 walnut genotype were investigated. The applications included the use of beneficial microorganisms (B Musa Vita®, B Musa Green®, Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-ERS®, and T22 (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai KRL-AG2®)) as well as 500 and 750 ppm GA₃ doses. The effects on germination parameters such as germination rate, main root length, stem diameter, shoot thickness, root quality, and root shape index were evaluated. The seeds were soaked in water for 24 hours before the application of organic and inorganic stimulants and then surface sterilized with a 5% Captan-based fungicide. After application, they were placed in pots containing perlite and vermiculite at a 1:1 ratio. All applications were maintained at +4°C and 75% relative humidity for 10 weeks. As a result of the applications, the highest germination rates were observed in the Kaman 1 variety and Kaman 5 genotype, while the lowest germination rate was determined in the Chandler variety (P<0.01). In terms of variety/genotype, the best results for main root length, shoot thickness, shoot dry weight, stem diameter, root fibrousness degree, root shape index, and root distribution homogeneity were obtained from the Kaman 1 walnut variety and the Kaman 5 walnut genotype. The best results in terms of shoot length and fresh shoot weight were observed in the Kaman 1 walnut variety (P<0.01). As a result, the highest germination rates in the Kaman 1 walnut variety were obtained from the control, T-22, Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-ERS®, B Musa Vita®, and B Musa Green® treatments, while in the Kaman 5 genotype, the highest germination rate was observed in the B Musa Vita® treatment.In the Chandler variety, the highest germination rate was obtained from the Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-ERS® treatment.

Keywords

Kaman 1 , Kaman 5 , Chandler , GA₃ , PGPR , Seed germination

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because there was no study on animals or humans.

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