Sporda Şike Algısı Ölçeği (SŞAÖ): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Abstract

Bu araştırma, sporda şike algısını çok boyutlu bir yapı olarak ölçmeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ölçek geliştirme süreci madde havuzu oluşturma, kapsam geçerliliğinin sınanması, açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) aşamalarından oluşmaktadır. İlgili literatür taraması ve uzman görüşleri temelinde beş boyutu kapsayan 67 maddelik bir havuz oluşturulmuş, kapsam geçerliği değerlendirmesinin ardından 12 madde elenmiştir. AFA, spor müsabakalarını düzenli olarak takip eden 377 yetişkin bireyden oluşan örneklem üzerinde yürütülmüş, DFA ise bağımsız olarak toplanan 249 kişilik ikinci örneklem üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. AFA sonucunda 32 maddenin beş faktör altında toplandığı belirlenmiş, DFA sürecinde beş madde daha elenerek ölçeğin 27 maddelik nihai yapısına ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen beş faktör sırasıyla Yaygınlık Algısı, Kontrol Edilebilirlik Algısı, Kişisel Etki Algısı, Kurumsal Mücadele Algısı ve Normalleşme Algısı olarak isimlendirilmiştir. DFA uyum indekslerinin kabul edilebilir ölçütleri karşıladığı, faktörlere ait Cronbach alfa ve bileşik güvenilirlik değerlerinin yeterli düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Faktörler arası korelasyon değerleri ve Fornell-Larcker kriteri ölçeğin ayırt edici geçerliliğini desteklemektedir. Sporda Şike Algısı Ölçeği, şike algısının bireysel, kurumsal ve toplumsal boyutlarını araştırmak isteyen çalışmalara metodolojik bir zemin sunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Sporda şike
• şike algısı
• ölçek geliştirme
• açımlayıcı faktör analizi
• doğrulayıcı faktör analizi

Match-Fixing Perception in Sport Scale (MFPSS): A Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

This study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess match-fixing perception in sport as a multidimensional construct. The scale development process consisted of item pool construction, content validity assessment, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). An initial pool of 67 items covering five dimensions was generated through a comprehensive literature review and expert opinions. Following content validity evaluation, 12 items were eliminated. EFA was conducted on a sample of 377 adults who regularly follow sport competitions. CFA was performed on an independent second sample of 249 participants. EFA results indicated that 32 items loaded on five factors, and following the elimination of five additional items during CFA, the scale reached its final 27-item structure. The five factors were labeled Prevalence Perception, Controllability Perception, Personal Impact Perception, Institutional Response Perception, and Normalization Perception. CFA fit indices met acceptable thresholds, and Cronbach alpha and composite reliability values were satisfactory across all factors. Inter-factor correlations and the Fornell-Larcker criterion supported the discriminant validity of the scale. The Match-Fixing Perception Scale provides a methodological foundation for studies examining individual, institutional, and societal dimensions of match-fixing perception in sport.

Keywords

• Match-fixing in sport
• match-fixing perception
• scale development
• exploratory factor analysis
• confirmatory factor analysis

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