THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANAEROBIC PERFORMANCES, MUSCLE STRENGTH, HAMSTRING/QUADRICEPS RATIO, AGILITY, SPRINT ABILITY AND VERTICAL JUMP IN PROFESSIONAL BASKETBALL PLAYERS1

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anaerobic performance, isokinetic knee strength, hamstring/quadriceps ratio, agility, sprinting ability and vertical jump performance in first division basketball players. Twenty three male basketball players participated in this study voluntarily. Quadriceps Q and hamstrings H were measured at 60˚ and 180˚/s, anaerobic performance was evaluated using the Wingate anaerobic power test, sprint ability was determined by sprint performance 10-30 m , jump performance was evaluated by countermovement and squat jump and agility performance was measured using the T drill agility test. Quadriceps strength was significantly correlated with peak power at all contraction velocities. However, for mean power, significant correlation was only found between the 60˚ left and 180˚ right knee quadriceps measurements. And strong relations were found between the performance of athletes in different field tests. Moreover, it is concluded that muscular strength, particularly maximal knee extension strength is a crucial component in anaerobic and sprint ability test performance of basketball players. However, lack of association between muscular strength and anaerobic and sprint ability test performance indicated that factors other than strength might contribute to anaerobic and sprint ability test performance in basketball players

Keywords

• Strength
• Anaerobic Power
• Vertical Jump
• Sprinting
• Agility

PROFESYONEL BASKETBOL OYUNCULARINDA ANAEROBiK PERFORMANS İLE KAS KUVVETİ, HAMSTRING/ QUADRICEPS ORANI, ÇEVİKLİK, SPRINT YETENEĞİ VE DİKEY SIÇRAMA ARASINDAKI İLİŞKİ

Abstract

Bu çalışma birinci ligte yer basketbol oyuncularında anaerobik performans ile kas kuvveti, hamstring/ quadriceps oranı, çeviklik, sprint yeteneği ve dikey sıçrama arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 23 erkek basketbol oyuncusu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Kas kuvveti ve Quadriceps/hamstrings oranın belirlenmesinde 60˚ ve 180˚/s, anaerobik performansın belirlenmesinde wingate anaerobic güç testi, sprint yeteneğinin belirlenmesinde 10-30 metre testi, sıçrama performansının belirlenmesinde aktif ve squat sıçrama testi, çeviklik testinde ise t çeviklik testi kullanılmıştır. Peak güç ile tüm açısal hızlarda elde edilen quadriceps kuvveti arasında ilişki bulunurken ortalama güç ile sol 60˚/s, sağ 180˚/s hızdaki quadriceps bacak kuvveti arasında ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca farklı alan testlerinde elde edilen sporcu performansları ile de yüksek ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, özellikle basketbolcuların maksimal bacak ekstansiyon kuvvetinin anaerobik ve sprint yeteneği test performansında önemli bir bileşen olduğu sonucuna varılmış, ancak genel kas gücü ile anaerobik ve sprint yeteneği test performansı arasındaki ilişkinin olmaması kas kuvveti dışındaki faktörlerin basketbolcuların anaerobik ve sprint yeteneği testi performansını etkilediğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır.

Keywords

• Kuvvet
• Anaerobik Güç
• Dikey Sıçrama
• Sprint
• Çeviklik

References

1. Abdelkrim N, Fazaa S, Ati J 2007. Time–motion analysis and physiological data of elite under-19- year-old basketball players during competition. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41, 69-75. 2. Alemdaroğlu U 2012. The relationship between muscle strength, anaerobic performance, agility, sprint ability and vertical jump performance in professional basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31, 99-106.
2. Arslan C 2005. Relationship between the 30-second Wingate test and characteristics of isometric and explosive leg strength in young subjects. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(3), 658- 666.
3. Attene G, Laffaye G, Chaouachi A, Pizzolato F, Migliaccio GM, Padulo J 2015. Repeated sprint ability in young basketball players:one vs.two changes of direction (Part2). J.SportsSci. 33,1553– 1563.
4. Attene G, Pizzolato F, Calcagno G, Ibba G, Pinna M, Salernitano G, Padulo J 2014. Sprint vs. intermittent training in young female basketball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 54, 154–161.
5. Bakers D, Nance S 1999a. The relation between strength and power in professional rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 13(3), 224-229.
6. Bakers D, Nance S 1999b. The relation between running speed and measures of strength and power in professional rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 13(3), 230- 235.
7. Bangsbo J, Iaia FM, Krustrup P 2008. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. Sports Medicine, 38(1), 37-51.
8. Bosco C, Belli A, Astrua M, Tihanyi J, Pozzo R, Kellis S 1995. A dynamometer for evaluation of dynamic muscle work. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 70, 379– 386.

9. Bradic A, Bradic J, Pasalic E, Markovic G 2009. Isokinetic leg strength profile of elite male basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1332-1337.
10. Castagna C, Manzi V, D’Ottavio S, Annino G, Padua E, Bishop D 2007. Relation between maximal aerobic power and the ability to repeat sprints in young basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1172–1176.
11. Castagna C, Abt G, Manzi V, Annino G, Padua E, D’ottavıo S 2008. Effect of recovery mode on repeated sprint ability in young basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(3), 923–929.
12. Comfort P, Stewart A, Bloom L, Clarkson B 2014. Relationships between strength, sprint, and jump performance in well-trained youth soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association 28: 173-177.
13. Croisier JL, Ganteaume S, Binet J, Genty M, Ferret JM 2008. Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players.American Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(8), 1469-1475.
14. Cronin BJ, Hansen TK 2005. Strength and power predictors of sports speed. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(2), 349-357.
15. Dawson BT, Ackland TR, Roberts C, Lawrance SR 1991. Repeated effort testing: The phosphate recovery test revisited. Sports Coaching, 14(2), 31- 34.
16. Delextrat A, Cohen D 2009. Strength, power, speed, and agility of women basketball players according to playing position. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(7), 1974–1981.
17. Dowson M, Nevill M, Lakomy H, Nevill A, Hazeldine R 1998. Modelling the relationship between isokinetic muscle strength and sprint running performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16, 257- 265.
18. Drinkwater E, Pyne D, McKenna M 2008. Design and interpretation of anthropometric and fitness testing of basketball players. Sports Medicine, 38(7), 565-578.
19. Erculj F, Blas M, Bracic M 2010. Physical demands on young elite European female basketball players withspecial reference to speed, agility, explosive strength and take-off power. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(11), 2970–2978.
20. Franco-Márquez F, Rodríguez-Rosell D, González- Suárez JM, Pareja-Blanco F, Mora-Custodio R, Yañez-García JM, González-Badillo JJ 2015. Effects of combined resistance training and plyometrics on physical performance in young soccer players. International journal of sports medicine 36: 1-9.
21. Hennessy L, Kilty J 2001. Relationship of the stretch – shortening cycle to sprint performance in trained female athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 15, 326-331.
22. Hoffman R, Epstein S, Einbinder M, Weinstein Y 2000. A comparison between the wingate anaerobic power test to both vertical jump and line drill tests in basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,14(3), 261-264.
23. Inbar O, Bar-Or O, Skinne JS 1996. The Wingate Anaerobik Test. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetic, 41- 71.
24. Janeira MA, Maia J 1998. Game intensity in basketball. An interactionist view linking time-motion analysis, lactate concentration and heart rate. Coaching and Sport Science Journal, 3, 26-30.
25. Kalinski MI, Norkowski H, Kerner MS, Tkaczuk WG 2002. Anaerobic power characteristics of elite athletes in national level team-sport games. European Journal of Sport Science, 2(3), 1-14.
26. Kin-Işler A, Ariburun A, Özkan A, Aktar A, Tandoğan R 2008. The relationship between anaerobic performance, muscle strength and sprint ability in American football players. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 16, 87-92.
27. Léger L, Gadoury C 1989. Validity of the 20 m shuttle run test with 1 min stages to predict VO2max in adult, Canadian Journal of Sport Science, 14(1), 21- 26.
28. Little T, Williams A 2005. Specificity of acceleration, maximum speed, and agility in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19, 76-78.
29. Loturco I, D'Angelo RA, Fernandes V, Gil S, Kobal R, Cal Abad CC, Kitamura K, Nakamura FY 2015. Relationship between sprint ability and loaded/unloaded jump tests in elite sprinters. Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association 29: 758-764.
30. Mayhew JL, Hancock K, Rollison L, Ball TE, Bowen JC 2001. Contributions of strength and body composition to the gender difference in anaerobic power. The Journal Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness, 41, 33-38.
31. Meckell Y, Casorla T, Eliakim A 2009. The influence of basketball dribbling on repeated sprints. International Journal of Coaching Science 3(2), 43- 56.
32. Mero A, Komi PV, Gregor RJ 1992. Biomechanics of sprint running. A rewiev. Sports Medicine, 13(6), 376-392.
33. Morse CI, Tho JM, Mian OS, Muirhead A, Birch KM, Narici MV 2005. Muscle strength, volume and activation following 12-month resistance training in 70-year-old males. The European Journal of Applied Physiology, 95, 197-204.
34. Newman MA, Tarpenning KM, Marino FE 2004. Relationships between isokinetic knee strength, single sprint performance and repeated-sprint ability in football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(4), 867-872.
35. Padulo J, Bragazzi NL, Nikolaidis PT, Dello Iacono A, Attene G, Pizzolato F, Dal Pupo J, Zagatto AM, Oggianu M, Migliaccio GM 2016. Repeated Sprint Ability in Young Basketball Players: Multi-direction vs. One-Change of Direction (Part 1). Front Physiol. Apr 22;7:133.
36. Paoule K, Madole K, Garhammer J, Lacourse M, Rozenek R 2000. Reliability and validity of the t-test as a measure of agility, leg power, and leg speed in college-aged men and women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14, 443-450.
37. Patterson S, Udermann B, Doberstein S, Reineke D 2008. The effects of cold whirlpool on power, speed, agility, and range of motion. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 7, 387-394.
38. Semenick D 1990. The T-Test. National Strength & Conditioning Association Journal, 12(1), 36-37.
39. Stojanovic MD, Ostojic SM, Calleja-Gonzalez J, Milosevic Z, Mikic M 2012. Correlation between explosive strength, aerobic power and repeated sprint ability in elite basketball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 52, 375– 381.
40. Tharp G, Newhouse R, Uffelman L, Thorland W, Johnson G 1985. Comparison of sprint and run times with performance on the Wingate anaerobic test. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 56, 73-76.
41. Thorland WG, Johnson GO, Cisar CJ, Housh TJ, Tharp GD 1987. Strength and anaerobic responses of elite young female sprint and distance runners. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 19(1), 56- 61.
42. Tomlin D, Wenger HA 2001. The relationship between aerobic fitness and recovery from high intensity intermittent exercise. Sports Medicine, 31, 1-11.
43. Vescovi JD, Mcguigan MR 2008. Relationships between sprinting, agility, and jump ability in female athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 97-107.
44. Young W, McLean B, Ardagna J 1995. Relationship between strength qualities and sprinting performance. The Journal Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness, 35, 13-19.
45. Ziegenfuss TN, Rogers M, Lowery L, Mullins N, Mendel R, Antonio J, Lemon P 2002. Effect of creatine loading on anaerobic performance and skeletal muscle volume in NCAA division I athletes. Nutrition, 18, 397-402.