TAKIM SPORLARINA ÖZGÜ ANAEROBİK PERFORMANSI ÖLÇEN YENİ BİR SAHA TESTİ GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Year 2016, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 19 - 32, 01.04.2016

Celal Gençoğlu Hikmet Gümüş Caner Çetinkaya Mert Tunar Belgin Ünal Berkant Muammer Kayatekin

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı anaerobik kapasiteyi sahada ölçen yeni bir testin Modifiye Illinois Çeviklik Testi: Mod IÇT geliştirilmesi, güvenilirliğinin araştırılması, Wingate Anaerobik Güç WAnT ve Koşu temelli Anaerobik Sprint RAST testleriyle ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Araştırmaya 43 erkek sporcu 10 hentbolcu, 9 basketbolcu ve 10 futbolcu; takım sporu yapan grup: TSG ve orta ve uzun mesafe atlet; bireysel spor yapan grup: BSG . İlk test günü laboratuvarda tüm sporcuların boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı ve vücut yağ yüzdesi ölçülmüş, sporculara WAnT testi ve Mod IÇT; ikinci test günü RAST ve Mod IÇT tekrarı uygulanmıştır. Mod IÇT testleri uygulanırken arada en az bir gün dinlenme verilmiş ve bir katılımcının tüm testleri en fazla yedi gün içerisinde tamamlanmıştır. Testlerin bitiminde ve toparlanmanın beşinci dakikasında kalp atım hızı ölçülmüş ve parmak ucundan kapiller kan örneği alınıp kaydedilmiştir. Testlerin sonunda algılanan zorluk derecesi AZD sorulup not edilmiştir. Bulgular: Testlerde elde edilen nabız, kan laktat konsantrasyonu ve Algılanan Zorluk Derecesi AZD gibi fizyolojik yanıtlar TSG ve BSG arasında farklı değilken grup içinde farklı bulunmuştur. Anaerobik testler gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldığında WAnT sonuçları benzerdir. RAST sonuçlarında ise minimum güç MG ve yorgunluk indeksi Yİ için anlamlı fark yokken pik güç PG ve ortalama güç OG için TSG’de BSG’ye göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksektir. Yeni geliştirilen testteki toplam süre TS , minimum süre MS , pik süre PS ve Yİ skorlarının hepsi hem testlerin ilk uygulamasında hem de ikinci uygulamasında gruplar arasında anlamlı olarak farklılıklar göstermiştir. Testler arasındaki korelasyon incelendiğinde BSG için dikkate değer anlamlı bir ilişki yokken, TSG için RAST ve Mod IÇT arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Yeni geliştirilen saha testinin tekrar uygulamasında sadece BSG’de TS test retest sonucu anlamlı olarak farklıyken diğer tüm sonuçlar her iki grup için de benzerdir. Sonuç: Mod IÇT’nin fizyolojik olarak anaerobik metabolizmayı baskın olarak kullanan güvenilir bir test olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mod IÇT, takım sporlarındaki çeviklik becerisini yön değiştirme dışında hızlanma ve yavaşlama barındırdığı ve kolay uygulanabilen bir saha testi olduğu için anaerobik kapasiteyi belirlemekte kullanılabilir.

Keywords

Anaerobik kapasite, Wingate Anaerobik Güç Testi, Running-based Anaerobic

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW FİELD TEST TO ASSESSMENT OF ANAEROBİC PERFORMANCE FOR TEAM SPORTS

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is develop a new anaerobic field test Modified Illinois Agility Test: Mod IAT for team sports and investigate to reliability and reliationship with running-based anaerobic sprint test RAST and Wingate anaerobic power test WAnT . Method: Fourtythree male athletes were participated 10 handball, 10 football and 9 basketball players; team sports group: TSG and middle-long distance runners; individual sports group:ISG . At first day, height and body composition was assessed and all participants went to WAnT and Mod IAT measurements. Second testing day, RAST and repeat of Mod IAT was performed. There was at least 24-hour between Mod IAT tests. Also all tests were executed in a week for one subject. Heart rate and blood lactate was measured after the test and 5th min of recovery. Rate of percieved exerciton RPE is also asked and saved after all the performance tests. Results: Physiological responses of all anaerobic tests were similar between BSG and TSG. When compared in-group there was significant difference in physiological parameters. The main finding of the study was the differences of completing times of new repeated agility test between ISG and TSG. The Mod IAT has good reliability cause of there is no significant difference between test-retest results of peak time PT , total time TT and fatigue index FI values for all groups except PT value for ISG. Conclusion: The present study indicate that required energy for Mod IAT was primerly provided by anaerobic pathways. Mod IAT is reliable and simple anaerobic field test which replicate team sports activties. Further researchs required to compare a gold standart test and understand to validity of this method

Keywords

Anaerobic capacity, Wingate Anaerobic Power Test, Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test, Illinois Agility Test, Agility

References

• 1. Al-Masri L, Bartlett S, 100 Questions & Answers about Sports Nutrition and Exercise. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2010; Pg: 72-73.
• 2. Attia A, Hachana Y, Chaabene H, Gaddour A, and et al. Reliability and Validity of a 20-s Alternative to the Wingate Anaerobic Test in Team Sport Male Athletes. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9(12): e114444.
• 3. Bampouras, TM and Marrin, K. Comparison of two anaerobic water polo–specific tests with the 2. 2. Wingate test. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 336–340, 2009
• 4. Bar-Or O, The Wingate Anaerobic Test. An Update On Methodology, Reliability And Validity. Sports Med, 1987; 4(6): P. 381-94.
• 5. Beneke R, Pollmann C, Bleif I, Leithäuser R, and et al. How Anaerobic Is the Wingate Anaerobic Test for Humans? European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2002; 87(4-5): 388-92.
• 6. Castagna C, D’Ottavio S, Abt G. Activity Profile Of Young Soccer Players During Actual Match Play. J Strength Cond Res, 2003; 17: 775–780.
• 7. Ching-Feng C, Yi-Shan Y, Hui-Mei L, Chia-Lun L, and et al. Determination Of Critical Power İn Trained Rowers Using A Three-Minute All-Out Rowing Test. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2012; 112: 1251– 1260.
• 8. Cronin J, Mcnair P, Marshall R, The Effects Of Bungy Weight Training On Muscle Function And Functional Performance, Journal of Sports Sciences, 2003; 21(1): 59-71.
• 9. Dardouri W, Gharbi Z, Selmi MA, Sassi RH, and et al. Reliability and Validity of a New Maximal Anaerobic Shuttle Running Test. Int J Sports Med, 2013; 34: 1–6.
• 10. Gibson AL, Holmes JC, Desautels RL, Edmonds LB, and et al. Ability Of New Octapolar Bioimpedance Spectroscopy Analyzers To PredIAT 4-Component–Model Percentage Body Fat In Hispanic, Black, And White Adults. Am J Clin Nutr, 2008; 87: 332– 8.
• 11. Gunnar A.V. Borg Psychophysical Bases Of Percieved Exertion Medicine And Science In Sports And Exercise, 1982; 14 (5): Pp: 377-381.
• 12. Hachana Y, Chaabene H, Ben Rajeb G, Khlifa R, and et al. Validity and Reliability of New Agility Test among Elite and Subelite under 14- Soccer Players. PLoS ONE, 2014; 9(4): e95773.
• 13. Haff GG, Dumke C, Laboratory Manuel For Exercise Physiology. Champaign IL, Human Kinetics 2012 Chapter 12 Aanerobic Fitness Measurements Pg:305-355.
• 14. Haj Sassi R, Dardouri W, Haj Yahmed M, Gmada N, and et al. Relative And Absolute Reliability Of A Modified Agility T-Test And İts Relationship With Vertical Jump And Straight Sprint. J Strength Cond Res, 2009; 23: 1644–1651.
• 15. Haj-Sassi R, Dardouri W, Gharbi Z, Chaouachi A, and et al. Reliability And Validity Of A New Repeated Agility Test As A Measure Of Anaerobic And Explosive Power. J Strength Cond Res, 2011; 25(2): 472–480.
• 16. Hale T, Exercise Physiology A Thematic Approach, Chapter 8 The Interplay Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism pg:207-225 Wiley Publishing 2003.
• 17. Holloway KM, Meir RA, Brooks LO, Phillips CJ. The Triple-120 Meter Shuttle Test:Asport-Specific Test For Assessing Anaerobic Endurance Fitness In Rugby League Players. Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research, 2008; 22(2):633–639.
• 18. Hopkins WG, A New View Of Statistics. Internet Society for Sport Science: http://www.sportsci.org/resource/stats/ 2013.
• 19. Jaafar H, Rouis M, Coudrat L, Attiogbe E, ant et al. Effects Of Load On Wingate Test Performances And Reliability. J Strength Cond Res, 2014; 28(12): 3462–3468.
• 20. Kaminagakura EI, Zagatto AM, Redkva PE, Gomes EB, and et al. Can Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test Be Used To PredIAT Anaerobic Capacity? Jeponline 2012;15(2):90-99. 21. Keir DA, Theriault F, Serresse O. Evaluation Of The Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test As A Measure Of Repeated Sprint Ability İn CollegiateLevel Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res, 2013; 27(6): 1671–1678.
• 22. Kraemer WJ, Fleck SJ, Deschenes MR, Exercise Physiology Integrating Theory and Application Chapter 2 Bioenergetics and Meeting the Metabolic Demand for Enregy pg:27-65 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2012.
• 23. Lockie RG, Schultz AB, Callaghan SJ, Matthew D, and et al. Reliability and Validity of a New Test of Change-of-Direction Speed for Field-Based Sports: The Change-of-Direction and Acceleration Test (CODAT) Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 2013; 12: 88-96.
• 24. Mendez-Villanueva A, Buchheit M., Kuitunen S., Douglas A, and et al. Age-Related Differences In Acceleration, Maximum Running Speed, And Repeated-Sprint Performance In Young Soccer Players. Journal Of Sports Sciences, 2011; 29: 477–484.
• 25. Moore A, Murphy A, Development Of An Anaerobic Capacity Test For Field Sport Athletes. J Sci Med Sport, 2003; 6 (3): P. 275-84.
• 26. Noordhof DA, De Koning JJ, Foster C, The Maximal Accumulated Oxygen Deficit Method A Valid And Reliable Measure Of Anaerobic Capacity. Sports Med, 2010; 40 (4): 285-302.
• 27. Oliver JL, Armstrong N, Craig A. Williams Reliability And Validity Of A Soccer-Specific Test Of Prolonged Repeated-Sprint Ability. International Journal Of Sports Physiology And Performance, 2007; 2:137-149.
• 28. Reilly T, Bangsbo J, Franks A. Anthropometric And Physiological Predispositions For Elite Soccer. J Sports Sci, 2000; 18: 669–683.
• 29. Vandewalle H, Peres G, Monod, H. Standard Anaerobic Exercise Tests. Sports Med., 1987; 4: 268-289.
• 31. William D McArdle, Viktor L. Katch, Frank I. Katch Essentials Of Exercise Physiology Fourth edition Chapter 7 Measuring and Evaluating Human Energy-Generating Capacity pg:203-236 2011 During Exercise
• 32. Winter EM, Jones AM, Davison RCR, Bromley PD, Mercer TH. Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines - Volume II: Exercise and Clinical Testing. First Edition. Routledge, Taylor&Francis, 2007; 9.
• 33. Zagatto AM, Beck WR, Gobatto CA. Validity Of The Running Anaerobic Sprint Test For Assessing Anaerobic Power And PredIATing Short-Distance Performances. J Strength Cond Res, 2009; 23 (6): 1820–1827.
• 34. Zupan MF, Arata AW, Dawson LH, Wile AL, and et al. Wingate Anaerobic Test Peak Power And Anaerobic Capacity Classifications For Men And Women Intercollegiate Athletes. J. Strength Cond Res, 2009; 23(9): 5