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THE COMBINATION OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL PRACTICES IS BETTER FOR INSTRUCTION OF A NEW SKILL

Year 2013, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 179 - 187, 01.08.2013

Abstract

The object of the research was to survey effect of mental practice in learning of a new skill. Today, the world of athletics is changing in such performance is using various mental techniques to improve athletic performance is more widespread than ever. No doubt, among different mental techniques, the role of mental practice is more obvious and professional athletes evidently appropriate some time for it. But much research hasn't been done about the fact that to what extent mental practice can be effective in learning new skill. Methods: The subjects were 200 students of Technical university of Mashhad Shahid Montazeri that from among all these subjects 64 were selected. These subjects were taking the general course of physical education in the second term of 2010. They were dividing into four groups: 1 control 2 Physical practice 3 Mental practice 4 Mental – physical practice. After being taught the skill of performing the test “Three steps jump – shot “of handball they were evaluated in different times. The analysis of the collected information by SPSS and excel software showed: The average age of subjects was 19 and the average tallness of subjects was 174 cm. Some ways of practice among the four examined groups in acquisition and retention of skill stages were obviously different from one another p ≤0.05 . Based on the results of performed in this research, physical practice, mental practice & mental – physical practice affected on the acquisition and retention of skill stages. In addition, mental practice in the retention of skill stage is affected more than physical practice. So, mental practice is a way to reach to high performance.

References

  • Bachman, K. (1990). Using mental imagery to practice a specific psychomotor skill. J Contin Educ Nurs, 21, 125- 128.
  • Batson, G., Feltmana, R., McBridea, C., & Waringa, J. (2007). Effect of Mental Practice Combined with Physical Practice on Balance in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Activities. Adaptation & Aging, 31(2), 10 - 18.
  • Blair, A., Hall, C., & Leyshon, G. (1993). Imagery effects on the performance of skilled an novice soccer players. J Sport science, 11 (2), 95 101.
  • Bohan, M., Pharmer, J., & Stokes, A. (1999). When does imagery practice enhance performance on a motor task? . Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 651-658.
  • Bucher, L. (1993a). The effects of imagery abilities and mental rehearsal on learning a nursing skill. LNursing education, 32(7), 318-324.
  • Bucher, L. (1993b). The effects of imagery abilities and mental rehearsal on learning a nursing skill. J Nurs Educ, 32, 318-324.
  • Decety, J., & Grezes, J. (1999). Neural mechanisms subserving the perception of human actions. Trends Cogn Sci, 3, 172-178.
  • Denis, M. (1985). Visual imagery and the use of mental practice in the development of motor skills Can J Appl Sport Sci, 10(4), 4-16.
  • Dickstein R, & Deutsch, J. (2007). Motor imagery in physical therapist practice. Phys Ther, 87, 942-953.
  • Doheny, M. (1993). Mental practice: an alternative approach to teaching motor skills. J Nurs Educ, 32, 260- 264.
  • Driskell, J. E., Copper, C., & Moran, A. (1994). Does mental practice enhances performance? . Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 481-492.
  • Eunyoung, Y., Eunyoung, P., & Boin, C. (2001). mental practice effect on linetracing accuracy in persons with hemiparetic stroke: a preliminary study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 82, 1213 - 1218.
  • Fansler, C., Poff, C., & Shepard, K. (1985). Effects of mental practice on balance in elderly women Phys Ther, 65, 1332-1337.
  • Feltz, D. L., & Landers, D. M. (1983). The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5(1), 25- 57.
  • Féry, Y. (2003). Differentiating visual and kinesthetic imagery in mental practice .Can J Exp Psychol., 57(1), 1- 10.
  • Gentili, R., Papaxanthis, C., & Pozzo, T. (2006). Improvement performance Neuroscience, 137, 761- 772. motor imagery practice.
  • Grouios, G. (1992). The effects of mental practice on Diving performance. Int .j. sport psychology, 23 60-69.
  • Hall, C., & Buckolz, E. (1992). Imagery and acquisition of motor skills. Can.JSport science,, 17 19-27.
  • Hall, C. R. (1985). Individual differences in the mental practice and imagery of motor skill performance Can J Appl Sport Sci, 10(4), 17-21.
  • Jackson, P., Doyon, l., Richards, C., & Maluin, F. (2004). The efficacy of combined phySical and mental practice in the learning of afoot-sequence task after stoke: : a case nreurorehabilitation J neural repair, 18(2 ), 106-111.
  • Jackson, P., Lafleur, M., Malouin, F., Richards, C., & Doyon, J. (2001). Potential role of mental practice using motor imagery in neurologic rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82, 1133-1141.
  • Kohl, R., Ellis, S., & Roenker, D. (1992). Alernating actual and consideration. Res. Q. Exerc sport, 63(2), 162- 170.
  • Magill, R. A. (2010). Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and Applications, : McGraw-Hill.
  • Malouin, F., Richards, C., Doyon, J., Desrosiers, J., & Belleville, S. (2004). Training mobility tasks after stroke with combined mental and physical practice: a feasibility study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 18, 66-75.
  • Maring, J. R. (1990). Effects of mental practice on rate of skill acquisition Phys Ther, 70, 165-172.
  • Maxwell Maltz (1960). Psycho-Cybernetics: A New Technique for Using Your Subconscious Power: Wilshire Book Company.
  • Mulder , T., Zijlstra, S., Zijlstra, W., & Hochstenbach, J. (2004). The role of motor imagery in learning a totally novel movement. Exp Brain Res, 154, 211-217.
  • Nyberg, L., Eriksson, J., Larsson, A., & Marklund, P. (2006). Learning by doing versus learning by thinking: An fMRI Neuropsychologia, 44, 711-717. and mental training.
  • Overdrof , V., page, S., Schweighardt, R., & McGrath, R. (2004). Mental and phySical practice schedules in acquisition and retention of novel timing skills Performance motor skills, 99(1), 51-62.
  • Rayn, E., & Simons, J. (1981). Efficacy of mental imagery in enhancing mental rehearsal of motor skills. JSport psychology, 4 41-51. 186
  • Nigde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences Vol 7, No 2, 2013
  • Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Cilt 7, Sayı 2, 2013
  • Rayn, E., & Simons, J. (1982). Cognitive demand. imagery and frequency of mental rehearsal as factors influencing psychology, 3 35-45. of acquisition motor skills. j.Sports
  • Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2005). Motor control and learning: a behavioral emphasis, : Human Kinetics.
  • Vandell, R., & etal (1943). The Function of mental practice in the acquisition of motor skills. JGeneral psychology, 29 243-250.
  • Warner, W., & McNeill, M. (1988). Mental imagery and its potential for physical therapy. Practice, 68, 516-521.
  • Yaguez, L., Negel, D., Hoffman, H., Canavan, A., Wist, E., & Homberg, V. (1998). A men al route to motor learning: improving trajectorial kinematics through. Imagery training, Behav brain research, 90(1), 95-106.

THE COMBINATION OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL PRACTICES IS BETTER FOR INSTRUCTION OF A NEW SKILL

Year 2013, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 179 - 187, 01.08.2013

Abstract

The object of the research was to survey effect of mental practice in learning of a new skill. Today, the world of athletics is changing in such performance is using various mental techniques to improve athletic performance is more widespread than ever. No doubt, among different mental techniques, the role of mental practice is more obvious and professional athletes evidently appropriate some time for it. But much research hasn't been done about the fact that to what extent mental practice can be effective in learning new skill. Methods: The subjects were 200 students of Technical university of Mashhad Shahid Montazeri that from among all these subjects 64 were selected. These subjects were taking the general course of physical education in the second term of 2010. They were dividing into four groups: 1 control 2 Physical practice 3 Mental practice 4 Mental – physical practice. After being taught the skill of performing the test “Three steps jump – shot “of handball they were evaluated in different times. The analysis of the collected information by SPSS and excel software showed: The average age of subjects was 19 and the average tallness of subjects was 174 cm. Some ways of practice among the four examined groups in acquisition and retention of skill stages were obviously different from one another p

References

  • Bachman, K. (1990). Using mental imagery to practice a specific psychomotor skill. J Contin Educ Nurs, 21, 125- 128.
  • Batson, G., Feltmana, R., McBridea, C., & Waringa, J. (2007). Effect of Mental Practice Combined with Physical Practice on Balance in the Community-Dwelling Elderly Activities. Adaptation & Aging, 31(2), 10 - 18.
  • Blair, A., Hall, C., & Leyshon, G. (1993). Imagery effects on the performance of skilled an novice soccer players. J Sport science, 11 (2), 95 101.
  • Bohan, M., Pharmer, J., & Stokes, A. (1999). When does imagery practice enhance performance on a motor task? . Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 651-658.
  • Bucher, L. (1993a). The effects of imagery abilities and mental rehearsal on learning a nursing skill. LNursing education, 32(7), 318-324.
  • Bucher, L. (1993b). The effects of imagery abilities and mental rehearsal on learning a nursing skill. J Nurs Educ, 32, 318-324.
  • Decety, J., & Grezes, J. (1999). Neural mechanisms subserving the perception of human actions. Trends Cogn Sci, 3, 172-178.
  • Denis, M. (1985). Visual imagery and the use of mental practice in the development of motor skills Can J Appl Sport Sci, 10(4), 4-16.
  • Dickstein R, & Deutsch, J. (2007). Motor imagery in physical therapist practice. Phys Ther, 87, 942-953.
  • Doheny, M. (1993). Mental practice: an alternative approach to teaching motor skills. J Nurs Educ, 32, 260- 264.
  • Driskell, J. E., Copper, C., & Moran, A. (1994). Does mental practice enhances performance? . Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 481-492.
  • Eunyoung, Y., Eunyoung, P., & Boin, C. (2001). mental practice effect on linetracing accuracy in persons with hemiparetic stroke: a preliminary study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 82, 1213 - 1218.
  • Fansler, C., Poff, C., & Shepard, K. (1985). Effects of mental practice on balance in elderly women Phys Ther, 65, 1332-1337.
  • Feltz, D. L., & Landers, D. M. (1983). The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5(1), 25- 57.
  • Féry, Y. (2003). Differentiating visual and kinesthetic imagery in mental practice .Can J Exp Psychol., 57(1), 1- 10.
  • Gentili, R., Papaxanthis, C., & Pozzo, T. (2006). Improvement performance Neuroscience, 137, 761- 772. motor imagery practice.
  • Grouios, G. (1992). The effects of mental practice on Diving performance. Int .j. sport psychology, 23 60-69.
  • Hall, C., & Buckolz, E. (1992). Imagery and acquisition of motor skills. Can.JSport science,, 17 19-27.
  • Hall, C. R. (1985). Individual differences in the mental practice and imagery of motor skill performance Can J Appl Sport Sci, 10(4), 17-21.
  • Jackson, P., Doyon, l., Richards, C., & Maluin, F. (2004). The efficacy of combined phySical and mental practice in the learning of afoot-sequence task after stoke: : a case nreurorehabilitation J neural repair, 18(2 ), 106-111.
  • Jackson, P., Lafleur, M., Malouin, F., Richards, C., & Doyon, J. (2001). Potential role of mental practice using motor imagery in neurologic rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82, 1133-1141.
  • Kohl, R., Ellis, S., & Roenker, D. (1992). Alernating actual and consideration. Res. Q. Exerc sport, 63(2), 162- 170.
  • Magill, R. A. (2010). Motor Learning and Control: Concepts and Applications, : McGraw-Hill.
  • Malouin, F., Richards, C., Doyon, J., Desrosiers, J., & Belleville, S. (2004). Training mobility tasks after stroke with combined mental and physical practice: a feasibility study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair, 18, 66-75.
  • Maring, J. R. (1990). Effects of mental practice on rate of skill acquisition Phys Ther, 70, 165-172.
  • Maxwell Maltz (1960). Psycho-Cybernetics: A New Technique for Using Your Subconscious Power: Wilshire Book Company.
  • Mulder , T., Zijlstra, S., Zijlstra, W., & Hochstenbach, J. (2004). The role of motor imagery in learning a totally novel movement. Exp Brain Res, 154, 211-217.
  • Nyberg, L., Eriksson, J., Larsson, A., & Marklund, P. (2006). Learning by doing versus learning by thinking: An fMRI Neuropsychologia, 44, 711-717. and mental training.
  • Overdrof , V., page, S., Schweighardt, R., & McGrath, R. (2004). Mental and phySical practice schedules in acquisition and retention of novel timing skills Performance motor skills, 99(1), 51-62.
  • Rayn, E., & Simons, J. (1981). Efficacy of mental imagery in enhancing mental rehearsal of motor skills. JSport psychology, 4 41-51. 186
  • Nigde University Journal of Physical Education And Sport Sciences Vol 7, No 2, 2013
  • Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Cilt 7, Sayı 2, 2013
  • Rayn, E., & Simons, J. (1982). Cognitive demand. imagery and frequency of mental rehearsal as factors influencing psychology, 3 35-45. of acquisition motor skills. j.Sports
  • Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2005). Motor control and learning: a behavioral emphasis, : Human Kinetics.
  • Vandell, R., & etal (1943). The Function of mental practice in the acquisition of motor skills. JGeneral psychology, 29 243-250.
  • Warner, W., & McNeill, M. (1988). Mental imagery and its potential for physical therapy. Practice, 68, 516-521.
  • Yaguez, L., Negel, D., Hoffman, H., Canavan, A., Wist, E., & Homberg, V. (1998). A men al route to motor learning: improving trajectorial kinematics through. Imagery training, Behav brain research, 90(1), 95-106.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Amin Azimkhani This is me

Sadegh Abbasian This is me

Ali Ashkani This is me

Recep Gürsoy This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Azimkhani, A., Abbasian, S., Ashkani, A., Gürsoy, R. (2013). THE COMBINATION OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL PRACTICES IS BETTER FOR INSTRUCTION OF A NEW SKILL. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 179-187.

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