Research Article
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THE EFFECT OF SWIMMING SPORTS ON SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-CONFIDENCE LEVELS IN 12-14 YEAR OLD CHILDREN

Year 2025, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 154 - 167, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.61962/bsd.1649882

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the changes in the self-esteem and self-confidence levels of children aged 12-14 during the 8-week swimming training process. The effects of swimming on psychological development and its relationship with various demographic factors have been investigated. 43 children aged 12-14 who were taking swimming lessons in Çerkezköy district of Tekirdağ province participated in the research. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Adolescent Self-Confidence Scale were used as data collection tools. The athletes' data were analyzed with pre-test and post-test taken before and after the swimming program. The obtained data were evaluated using parametric tests in the SPSS 26 program. After swimming training, significant increases were observed in the participants' self-esteem and self-confidence levels (p<0.05). In addition, it was determined that the self-confidence levels of more than half of the participants varied depending on the frequency of swimming and that those who swim three days a week had higher self-confidence levels. The findings of the study show that swimming positively affects the development of self-esteem and self-confidence in children. This emphasizes the importance of sports in the psychosocial development of children. Additionally, it has been understood that the frequency of swimming has a significant impact on self-confidence.

References

  • 1. Rosenberg M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
  • 2. Bacak B. (2021). The ınfluence of swimming on self-esteem and confidence in adolescents. International Journal of Sports and Health Sciences. 15(3), 210-219.
  • 3. Eime RM., Young JA., Harvey JT., Eime R. (2013). The importance of physical activity in childhood and adolescence for the development of self-esteem and social skills. Sports Medicine. 43(3), 207-224.
  • 4. Weiss MR., Smith AL. (2020). Developmental sport psychology: Exploring sport's role in youth development. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 9(3), 198-211.
  • 5. Kokko S., Kallio, J., Laakso L. (2016). The role of sport in prevention of social ısolation in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 28(2), 153-159.
  • 6. Kumar R., Singh A., Mehta C. (2021). The impact of physical activity on self-esteem and social interaction among children. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies. 8(1), 28-35.
  • 7. Martin S., Smith J. (2022). The role of team sports in building self-esteem among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research. 37(2), 245-263.
  • 8. Koca H., Yılmaz M., Aktaş S. (2020). The effects of swimming training on self-esteem in adolescents: A study on children aged 12-14 years. Journal of Sports Sciences. 38(12), 1417-1425.
  • 9. Li Y., Zhou L. (2022). Swimming and self-esteem: The psychological benefits of aquatic sports in youth development. Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior. 10(3), 1-6.
  • 10. Tammelin T., Kankaanpää A., Soini A. (2023). The impact of individual sports versus team sports on self-esteem in pre-adolescents: A comparative study of swimming and team sports. International Journal of Sports Research. 15(1), 45-56.
  • 11. Çelik A. (2022). Qualitative research on the effects of swimming on children's self-perception: A thematic analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Health and Well-being. 17(1), 1-15.
  • 12. Davis J., Cox L. (2021). Swimming and self-confidence: Do aquatic sports improve self-esteem in children? Journal of Sports Psychology. 29(4), 456-467.
  • 13. Yücel M., Arslan E., Güney S. (2022). A comparative study of self-esteem in individual and team sports among adolescents. International Journal of Sports Science and Health. 16(4), 301-310.
  • 14. López R., Marek J. (2020). The psychological benefits of swimming for children and adolescents. Child Development Perspectives. 14(1), 33-39 4.
  • 15. Solmaz S., Yarayan YE. (2025). The moderating role of mindfulness in the relationship between threat appraisal and negative emotions in male elite footballers. Journal of Men's Health. 21(1), 28-38.
  • 16. Daşkesen SS., Yarayan YE., İlhan EL. (2024). Tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcularının zihinsel antrenman ve mücadele düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 29(4), 210-215.
  • 17. Solmaz S., Şimşek B., Özbek S., Özcan B., Yarayan YE. (2024). The effect of gender on personality and psychological well-being in fitness practitioners. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 26(3), 488-497.
  • 18. Çalışkan A., Yılmaz Ş., Tekin A. (2023). The impact of swimming on the self-esteem of primary school children: A longitudinal study. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Management. 12(1), 1-14.
  • 19. Büyüköztürk Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi kitabı (27. basım). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • 20. Gökdemir ME. Ekşi H. (2023). Çocuklar için Rosenberg benlik saygısı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. T. Erdoğmuş ve Ş. Karabatak (Ed.), 11. Türkiye lisansüstü çalışmalar kongresi bildiriler kitabı – I içinde (s. 267-280). İlem.
  • 21. Arı AE. (2023). Ergen özgüven ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. A. R. Özpolat (Ed.), 21. Yüzyıl davranışları (öz denetim, atılganlık, özgüven) içinde (s. 5–40). Vizetek Yayıncılık
  • 22. Tavakol M., Dennick R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International journal of medical education. 2, 53.
  • 23. Tabachnick BG., Fidell LS. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • 24. Buchanan CM., Eccles JS., Becker J. (2020). Are siblings good for your health? The role of social relationships in youth development. Child Development Perspectives. 14(4), 228-233.
  • 25. Dörnyei Z. (2020). Researching Motivation: Second Language Motivation Research. Routledge.
  • 26. Pena J., McMillan H., Blanco C. (2021). The role of social factors in the development of self-esteem in adolescents. International Journal of Psychology Research. 16(2), 85-92.
  • 27. Moksnes UK., Moljord IE., Espnes GA., Byrne DG. (2010). The relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction in adolescents: A one-year longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 39(2), 188-198.
  • 28. Gecas V., Schwalbe ML. (1983). Beyond the looking glass: psycho-social sociological perspectives on self-esteem. Sociological Quarterly. 24(3), 349-372.

12-14 YAŞ ÇOCUKLARDA YÜZME SPORUNUN BENLİK SAYGISI VE ÖZGÜVEN DÜZEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Year 2025, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 154 - 167, 31.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.61962/bsd.1649882

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 12-14 yaş arası çocukların 8 haftalık yüzme eğitimi sürecinde benlik saygısı ve özgüven düzeylerindeki değişimleri incelemektir. Yüzme sporunun psikolojik gelişim üzerindeki etkileri ve çeşitli demografik faktörlerle ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya, Tekirdağ ili Çerkezköy ilçesinde yüzme eğitimi alan 12-14 yaş arası 43 çocuk katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak, Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği ve Ergen Özgüven Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sporcuların verileri, yüzme programı öncesi ve sonrası alınan ön test ve son test ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, SPSS 26 programında parametrik testler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Yüzme eğitimi sonrasında katılımcıların benlik saygısı ve özgüven düzeylerinde anlamlı artışlar gözlemlenmiştir (p<0,05). Ayrıca, yarıdan fazla katılımcının özgüven düzeylerinin, yüzme sıklığına bağlı olarak değişim gösterdiği ve haftada üç gün yüzme yapanların daha yüksek özgüven düzeylerine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, yüzme sporunun çocuklarda benlik saygısı ve özgüven gelişimini olumlu bir şekilde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Bu durum, sporun çocukların psikososyal gelişimindeki önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca, yüzme sıklığının da özgüven üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma için gerekli izinler “Siirt Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etik Kurulu’nun 12/11/2024 tarihli ve 2024/7947 sayılı kararıyla etik kuruldan geçmiştir.

References

  • 1. Rosenberg M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.
  • 2. Bacak B. (2021). The ınfluence of swimming on self-esteem and confidence in adolescents. International Journal of Sports and Health Sciences. 15(3), 210-219.
  • 3. Eime RM., Young JA., Harvey JT., Eime R. (2013). The importance of physical activity in childhood and adolescence for the development of self-esteem and social skills. Sports Medicine. 43(3), 207-224.
  • 4. Weiss MR., Smith AL. (2020). Developmental sport psychology: Exploring sport's role in youth development. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology. 9(3), 198-211.
  • 5. Kokko S., Kallio, J., Laakso L. (2016). The role of sport in prevention of social ısolation in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health. 28(2), 153-159.
  • 6. Kumar R., Singh A., Mehta C. (2021). The impact of physical activity on self-esteem and social interaction among children. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies. 8(1), 28-35.
  • 7. Martin S., Smith J. (2022). The role of team sports in building self-esteem among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research. 37(2), 245-263.
  • 8. Koca H., Yılmaz M., Aktaş S. (2020). The effects of swimming training on self-esteem in adolescents: A study on children aged 12-14 years. Journal of Sports Sciences. 38(12), 1417-1425.
  • 9. Li Y., Zhou L. (2022). Swimming and self-esteem: The psychological benefits of aquatic sports in youth development. Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior. 10(3), 1-6.
  • 10. Tammelin T., Kankaanpää A., Soini A. (2023). The impact of individual sports versus team sports on self-esteem in pre-adolescents: A comparative study of swimming and team sports. International Journal of Sports Research. 15(1), 45-56.
  • 11. Çelik A. (2022). Qualitative research on the effects of swimming on children's self-perception: A thematic analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Health and Well-being. 17(1), 1-15.
  • 12. Davis J., Cox L. (2021). Swimming and self-confidence: Do aquatic sports improve self-esteem in children? Journal of Sports Psychology. 29(4), 456-467.
  • 13. Yücel M., Arslan E., Güney S. (2022). A comparative study of self-esteem in individual and team sports among adolescents. International Journal of Sports Science and Health. 16(4), 301-310.
  • 14. López R., Marek J. (2020). The psychological benefits of swimming for children and adolescents. Child Development Perspectives. 14(1), 33-39 4.
  • 15. Solmaz S., Yarayan YE. (2025). The moderating role of mindfulness in the relationship between threat appraisal and negative emotions in male elite footballers. Journal of Men's Health. 21(1), 28-38.
  • 16. Daşkesen SS., Yarayan YE., İlhan EL. (2024). Tekerlekli sandalye basketbolcularının zihinsel antrenman ve mücadele düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 29(4), 210-215.
  • 17. Solmaz S., Şimşek B., Özbek S., Özcan B., Yarayan YE. (2024). The effect of gender on personality and psychological well-being in fitness practitioners. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise. 26(3), 488-497.
  • 18. Çalışkan A., Yılmaz Ş., Tekin A. (2023). The impact of swimming on the self-esteem of primary school children: A longitudinal study. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Management. 12(1), 1-14.
  • 19. Büyüköztürk Ş. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi kitabı (27. basım). Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
  • 20. Gökdemir ME. Ekşi H. (2023). Çocuklar için Rosenberg benlik saygısı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. T. Erdoğmuş ve Ş. Karabatak (Ed.), 11. Türkiye lisansüstü çalışmalar kongresi bildiriler kitabı – I içinde (s. 267-280). İlem.
  • 21. Arı AE. (2023). Ergen özgüven ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. A. R. Özpolat (Ed.), 21. Yüzyıl davranışları (öz denetim, atılganlık, özgüven) içinde (s. 5–40). Vizetek Yayıncılık
  • 22. Tavakol M., Dennick R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International journal of medical education. 2, 53.
  • 23. Tabachnick BG., Fidell LS. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th Ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • 24. Buchanan CM., Eccles JS., Becker J. (2020). Are siblings good for your health? The role of social relationships in youth development. Child Development Perspectives. 14(4), 228-233.
  • 25. Dörnyei Z. (2020). Researching Motivation: Second Language Motivation Research. Routledge.
  • 26. Pena J., McMillan H., Blanco C. (2021). The role of social factors in the development of self-esteem in adolescents. International Journal of Psychology Research. 16(2), 85-92.
  • 27. Moksnes UK., Moljord IE., Espnes GA., Byrne DG. (2010). The relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction in adolescents: A one-year longitudinal study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 39(2), 188-198.
  • 28. Gecas V., Schwalbe ML. (1983). Beyond the looking glass: psycho-social sociological perspectives on self-esteem. Sociological Quarterly. 24(3), 349-372.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Exercise and Sports Psychology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Buşra Özcan 0000-0003-3619-8840

Early Pub Date August 25, 2025
Publication Date August 31, 2025
Submission Date March 2, 2025
Acceptance Date June 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özcan, B. (2025). 12-14 YAŞ ÇOCUKLARDA YÜZME SPORUNUN BENLİK SAYGISI VE ÖZGÜVEN DÜZEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(2), 154-167. https://doi.org/10.61962/bsd.1649882