İleri Ebeveyn Yaşının Çocuklarda Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Gelişimi ile İlişkisi: Meta-Analiz

Abstract

Arka Plan: Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB), bebeklik döneminde en sık görülen nörolojik durumlardan biridir ve her 36 çocuktan yaklaşık 1'ini etkiler. Erkek/kız oranı 4,5:1’dir. OSB'li çocuklar genellikle iletişim, sosyal ilişkiler, ani değişimlere uyum sağlama, sınırlı ve tekrarlayıcı davranış, ilgi alanları ve/veya aktivitelerle mücadele ederler. Bu sistematik derleme ve meta-analizin amacı, ileri ebeveyn yaşı risk faktörleri ile otizm spektrum bozukluklarının (OSB'ler) çocuklarda gelişimi arasındaki bağlantıyı araştırmaktır. Yöntemler: Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, CINAHL ve Cochrane Library gibi birden fazla veri tabanını taradık ve bu meta-analize dahil edilecek ilgili çalışmaları Haziran 2022'ye kadar çapraz referansladık. İstatistiksel analiz, Review Manager Versiyon 5.4 yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi ve risk tahminleri rastgele etki modelleriyle birleştirildi. Heterojenliği ölçmek için I2 testleri kullanıldı. Sonuçlar: Arama, meta-analize dahil edilen 21 çalışmayı ortaya çıkardı. Referans noktalarıyla karşılaştırıldığında, ileri ebeveyn yaşı, çocuklarda otizm spektrum bozuklukları riskinde %59'luk bir artışla ilişkiliydi ve bu durum OR (olasılık oranı) = 1,59 ve %95 GA (güven aralığı) (1,45-1,74) olarak belirlendi. Meta-regresyon analizi ayrıca anne ve baba yaşında 10 yıllık bir artışın sırasıyla %35 ve %29 daha yüksek otizm riskiyle ilişkili olduğunu gösterdi. Sonuç: İleri ebeveyn yaşı, çocuklarda otizm spektrum bozukluğu gelişimi ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkili bulunmuştur. Bu pozitif ilişkiyi daha fazla açıklığa kavuşturmak için daha fazla mekanistik çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu
• İleri Ebeveyn Yaşları
• Meta-analiz.

Advanced Parental Age Association with the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the most frequent neurological conditions in infancy, afflicting about 1 in 36 children, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:5:1. Children with autism spectrum disorder often struggle with communication, social relationships, adjusting to rapid changes, as well as, confined repetitive modes of behavior, pursuits, and/or activities. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to explore the link between advanced parental age risk factors and the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in youngsters. Methods: We searched and cross-referenced multiple databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library, to find relevant studies to incorporate in this review and meta-analysis until June 2022. Statistical analysis was performed on Review Manager Version 5.4 software, and the risk estimates were pooled using random effect models. I2 tests were used to measure the heterogeneity. Results: The search yielded twenty-one studies that were included in the meta-analysis. Advanced parental age, compared to the reference points, was associated with a 59% surge in the development of risk of autism spectrum disorders in children with an OR (odds ratio) = 1.59 with 95% CI (1.45-1.74). Meta-regression analysis also demonstrated that an increase of 10 years in maternal and paternal age was associated with a 35% and 29% higher risk of autism, respectively. Conclusion: Advanced parental age was significantly associated with the development of autism spectrum disorder in children. More mechanistic studies are required to clarify this positive association further.

Keywords

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Advanced parental ages
• Meta-analysis.

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