Single-cell C4 Photosynthesis

Abstract

Single-cell C4 photosynthesis is a set of molecular biochemical, molecular, anatomical features. Single C4 photosynthesis is estimated to have occurred in the Oligocene about 25-30 million ago due to decreased CO2 levels. In higher plants, the efficiency of photosynthesis at high temperatures is limited by the oxygenase activity of the Rubisco (Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) enzyme. Some terrestrial plants have developed enhancing mechanisms for Rubisco's CO2 retention to minimize the amount of carbon lost by photorespiration, and single-cell C4 photosynthesis has evolved in two different cell types called mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. C4 photosynthesis dimorphic chloroplast structure varies in Kranz anatomy and biochemistry of the C4 pathway. Single-cell C4 photosynthesis in terrestrial plants in the mid-1960s in four species belonging to the family Cheponodiaceae (Bienertia aralospica, Bienertia cycloptera, Bienertia sinuspersici, Bienertia kavirense) was also discovered. Single-cell C4 photosynthesis in Hydrilla verticillata, an aquatic and facultative (living in both an oxygenated and oxygen-free environment) monocot plant, has been discovered. In recent years, many studies have continued to be carried out to determine the properties of C4 plants. In this review, it is aimed to examine the subjects such as Single-cell C4 photosynthesis in terrestrial and aquatic plants, mechanism and chemistry of C4 photosynthesis.

Keywords

• Single-cell C4 photosynthesis
• Rubisco
• C4 plants

Tek Hücre C4 Fotosentezi

Abstract

Tek hücre C4 fotosentezi moleküler, biyokimyasal, anatomik özelliklerin bir bütünüdür. C4 fotosentezinin yaklaşık 25-30 milyon önce Oligosen’de CO2 seviyesindeki azalmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıktığı tahmin edilmektedir. Yüksek yapılı bitkilerde, yüksek sıcaklıklarda fotosentezin verimliliği, Rubisco (Ribuloz 1,5 bisfosfat karboksilaz/oksijenaz) enziminin oksijenaz aktivitesi ile sınırlanmaktadır. Karasal bitkilerin bazıları fotorespirasyon ile kaybedilen karbon miktarını en aza indirmek için Rubisco’nun CO2 tutması için arttırıcı mekanizmalar geliştirmiştir ve tek hücre C4 fotosentezi Kranz anatomi olarak isimlendirilen mezofil ve demet kını adı verilen iki farklı hücre tipinde evrimleşmiştir. C4 fotosentezi dimorfik kloroplast yapısı, Kranz anatomi ve C4 yolunun biyokimyası olarak çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Karasal bitkilerde tek hücre C4 fotosentezi 1960’ların ortalarında Chenopodiaceae familyasına ait dört türde (Bienertia aralospica, Bienertia cycloptera, Bienertia sinuspersici, Bienertia kavirense), sucul ve fakültatif (hem oksijenli hem de oksijensiz ortamda yaşayan) tek çenekli bir bitki olan Hydrilla verticillata’ da keşfedilmiştir. Son yıllarda C4 bitkilerinin özelliklerinin ortaya konması için birçok çalışma yapılmaya devam edilmektedir. Bu derlemede, karasal ve sucul bitkilerde tek hücre C4 fotosentezi, C4 fotosentezinin mekanizması, kimyası gibi konuların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Tek hücre C4 fotosentezi
• Rubisco
• C4 bitkileri

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