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Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form

Year 2024, , 547 - 559, 15.05.2024

Aslı Yıldız , Güneş Mutlu Avinç

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1455715

Abstract

Nowadays, competition between cities for super tall buildings is increasing. These buildings exceed the 300-meter height threshold, reaching enormous dimensions and playing a decisive role in the iconic character, visual impact, and prestige, and economic growth, technological and architectural progress of cities. In this context, the aim of the study is to formally analyze super tall buildings inspired by nature. In the study, which is evaluated according to two variables, super tall buildings are analyzed within the scope of the search for inspiration from nature in their form and interior formations. The study involves a content analysis of the ten tallest buildings in the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) database. The formal analysis of the buildings revealed that the nature-inspired approach significantly influenced the design of the super tall buildings. This study emphasizes that combining super-tall designs with nature-inspired principles can create a new paradigm in architectural design. This combination improves the quality of life of individuals living in urban areas by enabling them to establish a closer relationship with nature. In this context, nature-inspired super tall buildings promote physical and mental well-being and create spaces that enhance indoor comfort.

Keywords

Super tall building High-rise building Nature inspired design Formal analyses

References

  • Ali MM, Al-Kodmany K. 2012. Tall buildings and urban habitat of the 21st century. Buildings, 2(4): 408-411.
  • Al-Kodmany K. 2018. Sustainability and the 21st century vertical city: a review of design approaches of tall buildings. Buildings, 8(8): 1–40.
  • Al-Sehail O. 2017. A biomimetic structural form: developing a paradigm to attain vital sustainability in tall architecture. Inter J Civil Environ Struct Construct Architect Engin, 11(3): 322-332.
  • Altınöz M, Mıhlayanlar E, Yardımlı S. 2017. Analyzing energy and biomimesis concepts in the context of sustainability on building envelope. A+Arch Design Inter J Architect Design, 3(2): 1-14.
  • Arup. 2023. Set to be one of the world's tallest buildings in 2022. www.arup.com (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • Askarinejad P. 2014. Structural design of Shanghai tower for wind loads. CTBUH 2014 Shanghai Conference Proceedings, 16–19 September, Shanghai, China, 14: 556–562.
  • Badarnah L, Kadri U. 2015. A methodology for the generation of biomimetic design concepts. Architect Sci Rev, 58(2): 120-133.
  • Bao L, Chen J, Qian P, Huang Y, Tong J, Wang D. 2015. The new structural design process of super-tall buildings in China. Inter J High-Rise Buildings, 4(3): 219-226.
  • Chang CC. 2012. Structural design of Taipei 101 Tower. http://www.sefindia.org/rangarajan/Taipie101BuildingAnalysis. (accessed date: March 21, 2024).
  • Chapin FS, Matson PA, Mooney HA, Vitousek PM. 2002. Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. Springer, New York, USA, pp: 35.
  • Contreras GS, Lezcano RAG, Fernandez EJL, Gutierrez MCP. 2023. Architecture learns from nature. The influence of biomimicry and biophilic design in building. Modern Applied Sci, 17(1): 58-70.
  • Cruz E, Hubert T, Chancoco G, Naim O, Chayaamor-Heil N, Cornette R, ... & Aujard F. 2021. Design processes and multi-regulation of biomimetic building skins: a comparative analysis. Ener Buildings, 246: 111034.
  • Ilgın HE, Günel MH. 2008. Ne zamana kadar en yüksek. Ege Mimarlık Derg, 67: 26-27.
  • Lau GL. 2015. Sustainable high-rise construction in Shanghai: case study – Shanghai Tower. Master thesis, Universidad de Lisbon, Institute of Science, Lisbon, Portugal, pp: 152.
  • Lee B, Baker W, Johnson R, Rhee I. 2016. Next-generation super-tall tower form determinants: a study of the Tianjin CTF Finance Center. CTBUH J, 2016: 1256-1263.
  • Merriam-Webster (2023). Accessed from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/phytomorphic#:~:text=phy%C2%B7%E2%80%8Bto%C2%B7%E2%80%8Bmor,the%20attributes%20of%20a%20plant (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • Mirniazmandan S, Rahimianzarif E. 2018. Biomimicry, an approach toward sustainability of high-rise buildings. Iranian J Sci Technol Transact A: Sci, 42(4): 3-7.
  • Mutlu Avinç G. 2023. Bio-informed design thinking through problem-based approach: an architectural point of view. In Contemporary Manifests on Design Thinking and Practice IGI Global, Shanghai, China, pp: 48–70.
  • Poon D, Hsiao L, Yi Z, Zuo S, Pacitto S, Gottlebe T, Liang J. 2011. Finite element analyses of super composite column and its connections for Ping an International Finance Center Tower. Structures Congress, 2011, New York, USA, pp: 24.
  • Suyabatmaz E, Sever İA. 2023. İç mekanlarda biyomorfik yaklaşımlarla parametrik tasarım. Yapı Bilgi Model, 5(1): 26-38.
  • The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH). 2023. https://www.ctbuh.org/resource/height#tab-tall-supertall-and-megatall-buildings (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • Truong Q, Pham TH, Pham QD, Pham HN. 2020. Design and construction solution of foundation for landmark 18-The Tallest Tower in Vietnam. Geo-Congress 2020: Foundations, Soil Improvement, and Erosion, pp: 123.
  • URL 1: https://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/design-construction/ (accessed date: March 21, 2024).
  • URL 2: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
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  • URL 4:https://assets.iwgplc.com/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto,w_834,h_522,c_fill/CentreImagery/2766/2766_2.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 5: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/merdeka-118/10115 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 6: https://cf.bstatic.com/xdata/images/hotel/max1024x768/428453964.jpg?k=38813698ba9f1e5303cee9929a34c5fd20553068eacc0acb781138639dc86eb4&o=&hp=1 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 7: https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/merdeka-118-11-2/ (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 8: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/shanghai-tower/56 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 9: https://du.gensler.com/vol6/shanghai-tower-zh/#/why-this-shape (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 10: https://parametric-architecture.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-bionic architecture/ (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 11: https://img.designswan.com/2017/02/shanghaiTower/7.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 12: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ping-an-finance-center/54 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 13: https://www.iskydance.com/uploads/kindeditor417/image/20210122/20210122070617_33334.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 14: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ping-an-finance-center-south/5207 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 15: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre/310 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 16: https://www.som.com/news/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre-meets-the-breeze-with-a-biomorphic-form/ (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 17: https://www.thebeijinger.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/7e1d5743a64247352ce0b6ebb951754.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 18: https://twitter.com/MakeArchitects/status/1380455558579425280 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 19: https://www.behance.net/gallery/100838049/Tianjin-CTF-Finance-Center-SOM (accessed date: March 21, 2024).
  • URL 20: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/taipei-101/117 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 21: https://prezi.com/spm6z3sdfif9/nature-as-an-inventor/ (accessed date: March 21, 2024).
  • URL 22: https://pixabay.com/de/photos/shopping-mall-taipei-einkaufszentrum-1416500/ (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 23: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/lakhta-center/12575 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 24: https://fabiomazzeoarchitects.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/06-fabio-mazzeo-architects-lakhta-center-1200x700-1.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 25: https://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/projects/lakhta-center-primorsky-district-saint-petersburg/?cf-view (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 26: https://www.arup.com/projects/lakhta-centre (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 27: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/vincom-landmark-81/18192 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 28: https://cf.bstatic.com/xdata/images/hotel/max1280x900/487320542.jpg?k=e8d4cc19185a04960e948a9b4c44fb10a651536f30afadaacd740294e00003f9&o=&hp=1 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 29: https://landezine-award.com/vincom-landmark-81/ (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 30: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/suzhou-ifs/196 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 31: https://www.kpf.com/project/suzhou-international-finance-square (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 32: https://www.sldgroup.com/en/residential-detail.aspx?id=31 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 33: https://www.wongtung.com/en/projects/suzhou_ifs/ (accessed date: March 25, 2024).
  • URL 34: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/al-hamra-tower/208 (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 35: https://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/projects/al-hamra/?cf-view (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 36: https://imageproxy-v2.services.lokalebasen.dk/h1080/lb-images-eu/kw/6519870/4105761-al-hamra-tower-35th-floor-east-maqwa.jpg?v=m1702526005 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 37: https://archello.com/project/al-hamra-tower (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • Weismantle PA, Smith GL, Sheriff M. 2007. Burj Dubai: an architectural technical design case study. Struct Design Tall Special Buildings, 16: 335–360.
  • Xia J, Poon D, Mass CD. 2010. Case study: Shanghai tower. CTBUH J, (2): 12-18.
  • Yetkin EG. 2020. Effects of biomimicry on architecture. European J Nat Scis Med, 3(2): 106-120.
  • Yıldız A, Kalaycı PD. 2022. Fractal change of facades of high-rise buildings according to architectural periods. Uluslararası Hakemli Tasarım ve Mimarlık Dergisi, 26: 220-243.
  • Zari MP. 2007. Biomimetic approaches to architectural design for increased sustainability. http://103.62.146.201:8081/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/1127/033PEDERSENZARI.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed date: March 19, 2024).

Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form

Year 2024, , 547 - 559, 15.05.2024

Aslı Yıldız , Güneş Mutlu Avinç

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1455715

Abstract

Nowadays, competition between cities for super tall buildings is increasing. These buildings exceed the 300-meter height threshold, reaching enormous dimensions and playing a decisive role in the iconic character, visual impact, and prestige, and economic growth, technological and architectural progress of cities. In this context, the aim of the study is to formally analyze super tall buildings inspired by nature. In the study, which is evaluated according to two variables, super tall buildings are analyzed within the scope of the search for inspiration from nature in their form and interior formations. The study involves a content analysis of the ten tallest buildings in the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) database. The formal analysis of the buildings revealed that the nature-inspired approach significantly influenced the design of the super tall buildings. This study emphasizes that combining super-tall designs with nature-inspired principles can create a new paradigm in architectural design. This combination improves the quality of life of individuals living in urban areas by enabling them to establish a closer relationship with nature. In this context, nature-inspired super tall buildings promote physical and mental well-being and create spaces that enhance indoor comfort.

Keywords

Super tall building High-rise building Nature inspired design Formal analyses

References

  • Ali MM, Al-Kodmany K. 2012. Tall buildings and urban habitat of the 21st century. Buildings, 2(4): 408-411.
  • Al-Kodmany K. 2018. Sustainability and the 21st century vertical city: a review of design approaches of tall buildings. Buildings, 8(8): 1–40.
  • Al-Sehail O. 2017. A biomimetic structural form: developing a paradigm to attain vital sustainability in tall architecture. Inter J Civil Environ Struct Construct Architect Engin, 11(3): 322-332.
  • Altınöz M, Mıhlayanlar E, Yardımlı S. 2017. Analyzing energy and biomimesis concepts in the context of sustainability on building envelope. A+Arch Design Inter J Architect Design, 3(2): 1-14.
  • Arup. 2023. Set to be one of the world's tallest buildings in 2022. www.arup.com (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • Askarinejad P. 2014. Structural design of Shanghai tower for wind loads. CTBUH 2014 Shanghai Conference Proceedings, 16–19 September, Shanghai, China, 14: 556–562.
  • Badarnah L, Kadri U. 2015. A methodology for the generation of biomimetic design concepts. Architect Sci Rev, 58(2): 120-133.
  • Bao L, Chen J, Qian P, Huang Y, Tong J, Wang D. 2015. The new structural design process of super-tall buildings in China. Inter J High-Rise Buildings, 4(3): 219-226.
  • Chang CC. 2012. Structural design of Taipei 101 Tower. http://www.sefindia.org/rangarajan/Taipie101BuildingAnalysis. (accessed date: March 21, 2024).
  • Chapin FS, Matson PA, Mooney HA, Vitousek PM. 2002. Principles of terrestrial ecosystem ecology. Springer, New York, USA, pp: 35.
  • Contreras GS, Lezcano RAG, Fernandez EJL, Gutierrez MCP. 2023. Architecture learns from nature. The influence of biomimicry and biophilic design in building. Modern Applied Sci, 17(1): 58-70.
  • Cruz E, Hubert T, Chancoco G, Naim O, Chayaamor-Heil N, Cornette R, ... & Aujard F. 2021. Design processes and multi-regulation of biomimetic building skins: a comparative analysis. Ener Buildings, 246: 111034.
  • Ilgın HE, Günel MH. 2008. Ne zamana kadar en yüksek. Ege Mimarlık Derg, 67: 26-27.
  • Lau GL. 2015. Sustainable high-rise construction in Shanghai: case study – Shanghai Tower. Master thesis, Universidad de Lisbon, Institute of Science, Lisbon, Portugal, pp: 152.
  • Lee B, Baker W, Johnson R, Rhee I. 2016. Next-generation super-tall tower form determinants: a study of the Tianjin CTF Finance Center. CTBUH J, 2016: 1256-1263.
  • Merriam-Webster (2023). Accessed from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/phytomorphic#:~:text=phy%C2%B7%E2%80%8Bto%C2%B7%E2%80%8Bmor,the%20attributes%20of%20a%20plant (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • Mirniazmandan S, Rahimianzarif E. 2018. Biomimicry, an approach toward sustainability of high-rise buildings. Iranian J Sci Technol Transact A: Sci, 42(4): 3-7.
  • Mutlu Avinç G. 2023. Bio-informed design thinking through problem-based approach: an architectural point of view. In Contemporary Manifests on Design Thinking and Practice IGI Global, Shanghai, China, pp: 48–70.
  • Poon D, Hsiao L, Yi Z, Zuo S, Pacitto S, Gottlebe T, Liang J. 2011. Finite element analyses of super composite column and its connections for Ping an International Finance Center Tower. Structures Congress, 2011, New York, USA, pp: 24.
  • Suyabatmaz E, Sever İA. 2023. İç mekanlarda biyomorfik yaklaşımlarla parametrik tasarım. Yapı Bilgi Model, 5(1): 26-38.
  • The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH). 2023. https://www.ctbuh.org/resource/height#tab-tall-supertall-and-megatall-buildings (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • Truong Q, Pham TH, Pham QD, Pham HN. 2020. Design and construction solution of foundation for landmark 18-The Tallest Tower in Vietnam. Geo-Congress 2020: Foundations, Soil Improvement, and Erosion, pp: 123.
  • URL 1: https://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/the-tower/design-construction/ (accessed date: March 21, 2024).
  • URL 2: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 3: https://www.commercialinteriordesign.com/insight/48570-unmissable-examples-of biophilic-design-weve-spotted-around-dubai (accessed date: March 21, 2024).
  • URL 4:https://assets.iwgplc.com/image/upload/f_auto,q_auto,w_834,h_522,c_fill/CentreImagery/2766/2766_2.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 5: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/merdeka-118/10115 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 6: https://cf.bstatic.com/xdata/images/hotel/max1024x768/428453964.jpg?k=38813698ba9f1e5303cee9929a34c5fd20553068eacc0acb781138639dc86eb4&o=&hp=1 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 7: https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/merdeka-118-11-2/ (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 8: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/shanghai-tower/56 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 9: https://du.gensler.com/vol6/shanghai-tower-zh/#/why-this-shape (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 10: https://parametric-architecture.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-bionic architecture/ (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 11: https://img.designswan.com/2017/02/shanghaiTower/7.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 12: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ping-an-finance-center/54 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 13: https://www.iskydance.com/uploads/kindeditor417/image/20210122/20210122070617_33334.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 14: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/ping-an-finance-center-south/5207 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 15: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre/310 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 16: https://www.som.com/news/tianjin-ctf-finance-centre-meets-the-breeze-with-a-biomorphic-form/ (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 17: https://www.thebeijinger.com/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/7e1d5743a64247352ce0b6ebb951754.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 18: https://twitter.com/MakeArchitects/status/1380455558579425280 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 19: https://www.behance.net/gallery/100838049/Tianjin-CTF-Finance-Center-SOM (accessed date: March 21, 2024).
  • URL 20: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/taipei-101/117 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 21: https://prezi.com/spm6z3sdfif9/nature-as-an-inventor/ (accessed date: March 21, 2024).
  • URL 22: https://pixabay.com/de/photos/shopping-mall-taipei-einkaufszentrum-1416500/ (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 23: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/lakhta-center/12575 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 24: https://fabiomazzeoarchitects.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/06-fabio-mazzeo-architects-lakhta-center-1200x700-1.jpg (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 25: https://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/projects/lakhta-center-primorsky-district-saint-petersburg/?cf-view (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 26: https://www.arup.com/projects/lakhta-centre (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 27: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/vincom-landmark-81/18192 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 28: https://cf.bstatic.com/xdata/images/hotel/max1280x900/487320542.jpg?k=e8d4cc19185a04960e948a9b4c44fb10a651536f30afadaacd740294e00003f9&o=&hp=1 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 29: https://landezine-award.com/vincom-landmark-81/ (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 30: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/suzhou-ifs/196 (accessed date: March 23, 2024).
  • URL 31: https://www.kpf.com/project/suzhou-international-finance-square (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 32: https://www.sldgroup.com/en/residential-detail.aspx?id=31 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 33: https://www.wongtung.com/en/projects/suzhou_ifs/ (accessed date: March 25, 2024).
  • URL 34: https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/al-hamra-tower/208 (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • URL 35: https://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/projects/al-hamra/?cf-view (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 36: https://imageproxy-v2.services.lokalebasen.dk/h1080/lb-images-eu/kw/6519870/4105761-al-hamra-tower-35th-floor-east-maqwa.jpg?v=m1702526005 (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
  • URL 37: https://archello.com/project/al-hamra-tower (accessed date: March 20, 2024).
  • Weismantle PA, Smith GL, Sheriff M. 2007. Burj Dubai: an architectural technical design case study. Struct Design Tall Special Buildings, 16: 335–360.
  • Xia J, Poon D, Mass CD. 2010. Case study: Shanghai tower. CTBUH J, (2): 12-18.
  • Yetkin EG. 2020. Effects of biomimicry on architecture. European J Nat Scis Med, 3(2): 106-120.
  • Yıldız A, Kalaycı PD. 2022. Fractal change of facades of high-rise buildings according to architectural periods. Uluslararası Hakemli Tasarım ve Mimarlık Dergisi, 26: 220-243.
  • Zari MP. 2007. Biomimetic approaches to architectural design for increased sustainability. http://103.62.146.201:8081/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/1127/033PEDERSENZARI.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed date: March 19, 2024).
There are 64 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architectural Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Aslı Yıldız 0000-0003-0408-1533

Güneş Mutlu Avinç 0000-0003-1049-2689

Publication Date May 15, 2024
Submission Date March 19, 2024
Acceptance Date May 6, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Yıldız, A., & Mutlu Avinç, G. (2024). Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(3), 547-559. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1455715
AMA Yıldız A, Mutlu Avinç G. Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form. BSJ Eng. Sci. May 2024;7(3):547-559. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1455715
Chicago Yıldız, Aslı, and Güneş Mutlu Avinç. “Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7, no. 3 (May 2024): 547-59. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1455715.
EndNote Yıldız A, Mutlu Avinç G (May 1, 2024) Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7 3 547–559.
IEEE A. Yıldız and G. Mutlu Avinç, “Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 547–559, 2024, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1455715.
ISNAD Yıldız, Aslı - Mutlu Avinç, Güneş. “Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7/3 (May 2024), 547-559. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1455715.
JAMA Yıldız A, Mutlu Avinç G. Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7:547–559.
MLA Yıldız, Aslı and Güneş Mutlu Avinç. “Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 7, no. 3, 2024, pp. 547-59, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1455715.
Vancouver Yıldız A, Mutlu Avinç G. Nature Inspired Practices in Super Tall Building Designs: Similarities of Form. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7(3):547-59.

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