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Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles

Year 2024, , 874 - 881, 15.09.2024

Afife Büşra Uğur Kaplan , Meltem Çetin

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1510380

Abstract

The aim of this study is to prepare CBZ-loaded chitosan (Ch)- coated/uncoated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Zein (using 20 mg or 40 mg Zein) nanoparticles (CBZ-PLGA-Zein-NPs or CBZ-PLGA-Zein-Ch-NPs) and to characterize (Particle size, PDI, zeta potential, percent encapsulation efficiency (EE%), FT-IR, DSC and XRD analyzes, and in vitro release study) them in vitro. These nanoparticles were prepared using a modified emulsification-solvent evaporation method. The particle sizes of CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20)-NPs, CBZ-PLGA-Zein(40)-NPs and CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20)-Ch-NPs were found to be about 222 nm, 245 nm and 221 nm, respectively. The PDI value of all NP formulations was below 0.3. This indicates a narrow particle size distribution. The EE% values of CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20)-NPs, CBZ-PLGA-Zein(40)-NPs and CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20)-Ch-NPs were determined as about 64%, 56% and 62%, respectively. The coating of the optimum formulation (containing 20 mg Zein) with chitosan did not lead to a significant difference in the particle size and EE% value of this formulation (P>0.05). A sustained release of CBZ from all prepared NPs formulations was achieved until 48th h. In conclusion, CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20 mg or 40 mg)-NPs and CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20 mg)-Ch-NPs were successfully prepared and characterized in vitro.

Keywords

Epilepsy Chitosan Nanoparticles PLGA Zein

References

  • André de Almeida Campos L, Francisco Silva Neto A, Cecília Souza Noronha M, Ferreira de Lima M, Macário Ferro Cavalcanti I, Stela Santos-Magalhães N. 2023. Zein nanoparticles for drug delivery: Preparation methods and biological applications. Int J Pharm, 635: 122754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122754
  • Caliandro R, Di Profio G, Nicolotti O. 2013. Multivariate analysis of quaternary carbamazepine-saccharin mixtures by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 78-79: 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.01.042
  • Clogston JD, Patri AK. Zeta potential measurement. 2011. Methods Mol Biol, 697: 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-198-1_6
  • Dandamudi M, McLoughlin P, Behl G, Rani S, Coffey L, Chauhan A. 2021. Chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating triamcinolone acetonide as a potential candidate for sustained ocular drug delivery. Pharmaceutics, 13(10): 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101590
  • Devinsky O, Vezzani A, O’Brien TJ, Jette N, Scheffer IE, de Curtis M. 2018. Epilepsy. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 4(1): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2018.24
  • Gagliardi A, Paolino D, Costa N, Fresta M, Cosco D. 2021. Zein- vs PLGA-based nanoparticles containing rutin: A comparative investigation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 118: 111538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111538
  • Green SF, Nguyen P, Kaalund-Hansen K, Rajakulendran S, Murphy E. 2020. Effectiveness, retention, and safety of modified ketogenic diet in adults with epilepsy at a tertiary-care centre in the UK. J Neurol, 267(4): 1171-1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09658-6
  • Guery D, Rheims S. 2021. Clinical management of drug resistant epilepsy: A review on current strategies. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 17: 2229-2242. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S256699
  • Kandilli B, Uğur AB, Çetin M, Miloğlu FD. 2018. A simple HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of levetiracetam and carbamazepine. HUJPHARM, 38(2): 58-64.
  • Kandilli B, Ugur Kaplan AB, Cetin M, Taspinar N, Ertugrul MS, Aydin IC, et al. 2020 Carbamazepine and levetiracetam-loaded PLGA nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation method: in vitro and in vivo studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 46(7): 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2020.1769127
  • Kanner AM, Bicchi MM. 2022. Antiseizure medications for adults with epilepsy: A review. JAMA, 327(13): 1269-1281. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.3880
  • Krstić M, Popović M, Dobričić V, Ibrić S. 2015. Influence of solid drug delivery system formulation on poorly water-soluble drug dissolution and permeability. Molecules, 20(8): 14684-98. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200814684
  • Liu E, Su Z, Yang C, Ji Y, Liu B, Meng X. 2021. Fabrication, characterization and properties of DHA-loaded nanoparticles based on zein and PLGA. Food Chem, 360: 129957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129957
  • Lo JCY. 2014. Carbamazepine. In: Wexler P, editor. Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition). Academic Press, Oxford, UK, pp: 665-667.
  • Ma X, Müller F, Huang S, Lowinger M, Liu X, Schooler R, et al. 2020. Influence of carbamazepine dihydrate on the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions by hot melt extrusion. Pharmaceutics, 12(4): 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040379
  • Maan JS, Duong T vi H, Saadabadi A. Carbamazepine. 2024. URL: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482455/ (accessed 26 February 2024).
  • Manole AM, Sirbu CA, Mititelu MR, Vasiliu O, Lorusso L, Sirbu OM. 2023. State of the art and challenges in epilepsy—A narrative review. J Pers Med, 13(4): 623. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jpm13040623
  • Mura S, Hillaireau H, Nicolas J, Le Droumaguet B, Gueutin C, Zanna S. 2011. Influence of surface charge on the potential toxicity of PLGA nanoparticles towards Calu-3 cells. Int J Nanomedicine, 6: 2591-2605. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S24552
  • Pascoli M, de Lima R, Fraceto LF. 2018. Zein nanoparticles and strategies to improve colloidal stability: A mini-review. Front Chem, 6: 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00006
  • Pauluk D, Padilha AK, Khalil NM, Mainardes RM. 2019. Chitosan-coated zein nanoparticles for oral delivery of resveratrol: Formation, characterization, stability, mucoadhesive properties and antioxidant activity. Food Hydrocolloids, 94: 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.042
  • Pearce RE, Lu W, Wang Y, Uetrecht JP, Correia MA, Leeder JS. 2008. Pathways of carbamazepine bioactivation in vitro. III. The role of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the formation of 2,3-dihydroxycarbamazepine. Drug Metab Dispos, 36(8): 1637-1649. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.107.019562
  • Pinto MAL, Ambrozini B, Ferreira APG, Cavalheiro ÉTG. 2014. Thermoanalytical studies of carbamazepine: hydration/dehydration, thermal decomposition, and solid phase transitions. Braz J Pharm Sci, 50(4): 877-884.
  • Qushawy M, Prabahar K, Abd-Alhaseeb M, Swidan S, Nasr A. 2019. Preparation and evaluation of carbamazepine solid lipid nanoparticle for alleviating seizure activity in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. Molecules, 24(21): 3971. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213971
  • Sakhi M, Khan A, Iqbal Z, Khan I, Raza A, Ullah A. 2022. Design and characterization of paclitaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles decorated with trastuzumab for the effective treatment of breast cancer. Front Pharmacol, 13: 855294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.855294”
  • Sarmast ST, Abdullahi AM, Jahan N. 2020. Current classification of seizures and epilepsies: Scope, limitations and recommendations for future action. Cureus, 12(9): e10549. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10549.
  • Scioli Montoto S, Sbaraglini ML, Talevi A, Couyoupetrou M, Di Ianni M, Pesce GO. 2018. Carbamazepine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 167: 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.052
  • Stafstrom CE, Carmant L. 2015. Seizures and epilepsy: An overview for neuroscientists. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 5(6): a022426. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a022426
  • Swider E, Koshkina O, Tel J, Cruz LJ, de Vries IJM, Srinivas M. 2018. Customizing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater, 73: 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.006
  • Ugur Kaplan AB, Cetin M, Bayram C, Yildirim S, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Hacimuftuoglu A. 2023. In vivo evaluation of nanoemulsion formulations for metformin and repaglinide alone and combination. J Pharm Sci, 112(5): 1411-1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2023.01.008
  • Ułamek-Kozioł M, Czuczwar SJ, Januszewski S, Pluta R. 2019. Ketogenic Diet and Epilepsy. Nutrients, 11(10): 2510. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102510
  • Uzunović A, Vranić E, Hadzidedić S. 2010. Impairment of the in vitro release of carbamazepine from tablets. Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 10(3): 234-238. https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2693
  • Valo H, Peltonen L, Vehviläinen S, Karjalainen M, Kostiainen R, Laaksonen T. 2009. Electrospray encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in poly(l-lactic acid) nanoparticles. Small, 5(15): 1791-1798. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200801907
  • Wang Z, Chen B, Quan G, Li F, Wu Q, Dian L. 2012. Increasing the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble carbamazepine using immediate-release pellets supported on SBA-15 mesoporous silica. Int J Nanomedicine, 7: 5807-5818. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S37650
  • WHO. 2024. Epilepsy. URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy (accessed 26 February 2024).
  • Wu D, Fei F, Zhang Q, Wang X, Gong Y, Chen X. 2022. Nanoengineered on-demand drug delivery system improves efficacy of pharmacotherapy for epilepsy. Sci Adv, 8(2): eabm3381. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm3381
  • Zybina A, Anshakova A, Malinovskaya J, Melnikov P, Baklaushev V, Chekhonin V. 2018. Nanoparticle-based delivery of carbamazepine: A promising approach for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Int J Pharm, 547(1): 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.023

Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles

Year 2024, , 874 - 881, 15.09.2024

Afife Büşra Uğur Kaplan , Meltem Çetin

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1510380

Abstract

The aim of this study is to prepare CBZ-loaded chitosan (Ch)- coated/uncoated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Zein (using 20 mg or 40 mg Zein) nanoparticles (CBZ-PLGA-Zein-NPs or CBZ-PLGA-Zein-Ch-NPs) and to characterize (Particle size, PDI, zeta potential, percent encapsulation efficiency (EE%), FT-IR, DSC and XRD analyzes, and in vitro release study) them in vitro. These nanoparticles were prepared using a modified emulsification-solvent evaporation method. The particle sizes of CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20)-NPs, CBZ-PLGA-Zein(40)-NPs and CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20)-Ch-NPs were found to be about 222 nm, 245 nm and 221 nm, respectively. The PDI value of all NP formulations was below 0.3. This indicates a narrow particle size distribution. The EE% values of CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20)-NPs, CBZ-PLGA-Zein(40)-NPs and CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20)-Ch-NPs were determined as about 64%, 56% and 62%, respectively. The coating of the optimum formulation (containing 20 mg Zein) with chitosan did not lead to a significant difference in the particle size and EE% value of this formulation (P>0.05). A sustained release of CBZ from all prepared NPs formulations was achieved until 48th h. In conclusion, CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20 mg or 40 mg)-NPs and CBZ-PLGA-Zein(20 mg)-Ch-NPs were successfully prepared and characterized in vitro.

Keywords

Epilepsy Chitosan Nanoparticles PLGA Zein

References

  • André de Almeida Campos L, Francisco Silva Neto A, Cecília Souza Noronha M, Ferreira de Lima M, Macário Ferro Cavalcanti I, Stela Santos-Magalhães N. 2023. Zein nanoparticles for drug delivery: Preparation methods and biological applications. Int J Pharm, 635: 122754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122754
  • Caliandro R, Di Profio G, Nicolotti O. 2013. Multivariate analysis of quaternary carbamazepine-saccharin mixtures by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 78-79: 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2013.01.042
  • Clogston JD, Patri AK. Zeta potential measurement. 2011. Methods Mol Biol, 697: 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-198-1_6
  • Dandamudi M, McLoughlin P, Behl G, Rani S, Coffey L, Chauhan A. 2021. Chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating triamcinolone acetonide as a potential candidate for sustained ocular drug delivery. Pharmaceutics, 13(10): 1590. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13101590
  • Devinsky O, Vezzani A, O’Brien TJ, Jette N, Scheffer IE, de Curtis M. 2018. Epilepsy. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 4(1): 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2018.24
  • Gagliardi A, Paolino D, Costa N, Fresta M, Cosco D. 2021. Zein- vs PLGA-based nanoparticles containing rutin: A comparative investigation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 118: 111538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.111538
  • Green SF, Nguyen P, Kaalund-Hansen K, Rajakulendran S, Murphy E. 2020. Effectiveness, retention, and safety of modified ketogenic diet in adults with epilepsy at a tertiary-care centre in the UK. J Neurol, 267(4): 1171-1178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-019-09658-6
  • Guery D, Rheims S. 2021. Clinical management of drug resistant epilepsy: A review on current strategies. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 17: 2229-2242. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S256699
  • Kandilli B, Uğur AB, Çetin M, Miloğlu FD. 2018. A simple HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of levetiracetam and carbamazepine. HUJPHARM, 38(2): 58-64.
  • Kandilli B, Ugur Kaplan AB, Cetin M, Taspinar N, Ertugrul MS, Aydin IC, et al. 2020 Carbamazepine and levetiracetam-loaded PLGA nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation method: in vitro and in vivo studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 46(7): 1063-1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2020.1769127
  • Kanner AM, Bicchi MM. 2022. Antiseizure medications for adults with epilepsy: A review. JAMA, 327(13): 1269-1281. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2022.3880
  • Krstić M, Popović M, Dobričić V, Ibrić S. 2015. Influence of solid drug delivery system formulation on poorly water-soluble drug dissolution and permeability. Molecules, 20(8): 14684-98. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200814684
  • Liu E, Su Z, Yang C, Ji Y, Liu B, Meng X. 2021. Fabrication, characterization and properties of DHA-loaded nanoparticles based on zein and PLGA. Food Chem, 360: 129957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129957
  • Lo JCY. 2014. Carbamazepine. In: Wexler P, editor. Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition). Academic Press, Oxford, UK, pp: 665-667.
  • Ma X, Müller F, Huang S, Lowinger M, Liu X, Schooler R, et al. 2020. Influence of carbamazepine dihydrate on the preparation of amorphous solid dispersions by hot melt extrusion. Pharmaceutics, 12(4): 379. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040379
  • Maan JS, Duong T vi H, Saadabadi A. Carbamazepine. 2024. URL: http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482455/ (accessed 26 February 2024).
  • Manole AM, Sirbu CA, Mititelu MR, Vasiliu O, Lorusso L, Sirbu OM. 2023. State of the art and challenges in epilepsy—A narrative review. J Pers Med, 13(4): 623. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jpm13040623
  • Mura S, Hillaireau H, Nicolas J, Le Droumaguet B, Gueutin C, Zanna S. 2011. Influence of surface charge on the potential toxicity of PLGA nanoparticles towards Calu-3 cells. Int J Nanomedicine, 6: 2591-2605. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S24552
  • Pascoli M, de Lima R, Fraceto LF. 2018. Zein nanoparticles and strategies to improve colloidal stability: A mini-review. Front Chem, 6: 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00006
  • Pauluk D, Padilha AK, Khalil NM, Mainardes RM. 2019. Chitosan-coated zein nanoparticles for oral delivery of resveratrol: Formation, characterization, stability, mucoadhesive properties and antioxidant activity. Food Hydrocolloids, 94: 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.03.042
  • Pearce RE, Lu W, Wang Y, Uetrecht JP, Correia MA, Leeder JS. 2008. Pathways of carbamazepine bioactivation in vitro. III. The role of human cytochrome P450 enzymes in the formation of 2,3-dihydroxycarbamazepine. Drug Metab Dispos, 36(8): 1637-1649. https://doi.org/10.1124/dmd.107.019562
  • Pinto MAL, Ambrozini B, Ferreira APG, Cavalheiro ÉTG. 2014. Thermoanalytical studies of carbamazepine: hydration/dehydration, thermal decomposition, and solid phase transitions. Braz J Pharm Sci, 50(4): 877-884.
  • Qushawy M, Prabahar K, Abd-Alhaseeb M, Swidan S, Nasr A. 2019. Preparation and evaluation of carbamazepine solid lipid nanoparticle for alleviating seizure activity in pentylenetetrazole-kindled mice. Molecules, 24(21): 3971. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213971
  • Sakhi M, Khan A, Iqbal Z, Khan I, Raza A, Ullah A. 2022. Design and characterization of paclitaxel-loaded polymeric nanoparticles decorated with trastuzumab for the effective treatment of breast cancer. Front Pharmacol, 13: 855294. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.855294”
  • Sarmast ST, Abdullahi AM, Jahan N. 2020. Current classification of seizures and epilepsies: Scope, limitations and recommendations for future action. Cureus, 12(9): e10549. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.10549.
  • Scioli Montoto S, Sbaraglini ML, Talevi A, Couyoupetrou M, Di Ianni M, Pesce GO. 2018. Carbamazepine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 167: 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.03.052
  • Stafstrom CE, Carmant L. 2015. Seizures and epilepsy: An overview for neuroscientists. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 5(6): a022426. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a022426
  • Swider E, Koshkina O, Tel J, Cruz LJ, de Vries IJM, Srinivas M. 2018. Customizing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater, 73: 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.006
  • Ugur Kaplan AB, Cetin M, Bayram C, Yildirim S, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Hacimuftuoglu A. 2023. In vivo evaluation of nanoemulsion formulations for metformin and repaglinide alone and combination. J Pharm Sci, 112(5): 1411-1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2023.01.008
  • Ułamek-Kozioł M, Czuczwar SJ, Januszewski S, Pluta R. 2019. Ketogenic Diet and Epilepsy. Nutrients, 11(10): 2510. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102510
  • Uzunović A, Vranić E, Hadzidedić S. 2010. Impairment of the in vitro release of carbamazepine from tablets. Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 10(3): 234-238. https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2693
  • Valo H, Peltonen L, Vehviläinen S, Karjalainen M, Kostiainen R, Laaksonen T. 2009. Electrospray encapsulation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in poly(l-lactic acid) nanoparticles. Small, 5(15): 1791-1798. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200801907
  • Wang Z, Chen B, Quan G, Li F, Wu Q, Dian L. 2012. Increasing the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble carbamazepine using immediate-release pellets supported on SBA-15 mesoporous silica. Int J Nanomedicine, 7: 5807-5818. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S37650
  • WHO. 2024. Epilepsy. URL: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy (accessed 26 February 2024).
  • Wu D, Fei F, Zhang Q, Wang X, Gong Y, Chen X. 2022. Nanoengineered on-demand drug delivery system improves efficacy of pharmacotherapy for epilepsy. Sci Adv, 8(2): eabm3381. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm3381
  • Zybina A, Anshakova A, Malinovskaya J, Melnikov P, Baklaushev V, Chekhonin V. 2018. Nanoparticle-based delivery of carbamazepine: A promising approach for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Int J Pharm, 547(1): 10-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.023
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nanobiotechnology, Polymer Science and Technologies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Afife Büşra Uğur Kaplan 0000-0003-2222-8789

Meltem Çetin 0000-0003-4009-2432

Early Pub Date August 15, 2024
Publication Date September 15, 2024
Submission Date July 4, 2024
Acceptance Date August 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Uğur Kaplan, A. B., & Çetin, M. (2024). Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(5), 874-881. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1510380
AMA Uğur Kaplan AB, Çetin M. Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles. BSJ Eng. Sci. September 2024;7(5):874-881. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1510380
Chicago Uğur Kaplan, Afife Büşra, and Meltem Çetin. “Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7, no. 5 (September 2024): 874-81. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1510380.
EndNote Uğur Kaplan AB, Çetin M (September 1, 2024) Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7 5 874–881.
IEEE A. B. Uğur Kaplan and M. Çetin, “Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 874–881, 2024, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1510380.
ISNAD Uğur Kaplan, Afife Büşra - Çetin, Meltem. “Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7/5 (September 2024), 874-881. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1510380.
JAMA Uğur Kaplan AB, Çetin M. Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7:874–881.
MLA Uğur Kaplan, Afife Büşra and Meltem Çetin. “Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 7, no. 5, 2024, pp. 874-81, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1510380.
Vancouver Uğur Kaplan AB, Çetin M. Preparation and In Vitro Characterization of Carbamazepine-Loaded Chitosan-Coated/Uncoated PLGA and Zein Nanoparticles. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7(5):874-81.

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