Ölümcül Olmayan Antibiyotik Dozlarının Aeromonas veronii Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Abstract

Antibiyotikler, genellikle bakteriyel hastalıkların tedavisinde geniş çapta kullanılan farmasötik ajanlardır. Ancak, son yıllarda antibiyotiklerin kontrolsüz ve yanlış kullanımı, bakterilerin birçok farklı ortamda öldürücü olmayan sub-minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonlarına (sub-MİK) maruz kalmasına neden olmuştur. Bu durum, antibiyotiklerin bakterilerin virülans faktörleri üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak açısından kritik bir önem taşımaktadır. Sub-MİK seviyelerdeki antibiyotikler, bakteriyel virülans ve direnç mekanizmalarını etkileyerek, enfeksiyon kontrolü ve tedavi stratejilerini yeniden değerlendirmeyi gerektirir. Bu çalışmada, bir tatlı su kaynağından izole edilen Aeromonas veronii izolatının klinikte yaygın olarak kullanılan antibiyotiklere karşı antimikrobiyal duyarlılığı değerlendirilmiş ve duyarlı olduğu antibiyotikler için MİK değerleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, antibiyotiklerin sub-MİK (MİK/2 ve MİK/4) dozlarının bakterinin biyofilm oluşturma kapasitesiyle morfolojisi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar, A. veronii’nin çalışmada kullanılan 14 antibiyotikten 4'üne (ampisilin, seftazidim, seftriakson ve trimetoprim-sülfametoksazol) direnç gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca sub-MİK'lerin biyofilm oluşumunu azalttığı, siprofloksasinin uzun filamentli, meropenemin ise yuvarlak hücre morfolojisine neden olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, antibiyotiklerin sub-MİK’lerinin bakteriyel virülans ve morfolojik özellikler üzerindeki etkilerini aydınlatmakta ve bu etkilerin klinik ve çevresel antibiyotik yönetiminde göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu tür çalışmalar, antibiyotik direncinin önlenmesi ve tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

• Aeromonas veronii
• Antibiyotik
• Bakteriyel morfoloji
• Biyofilm
• Sub-MİK

Investigation of the Effects of Non-Lethal Antibiotic Doses on Aeromonas veronii

Abstract

Antibiotics are widely used pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of bacterial diseases in general. However, in recent years, the uncontrolled and incorrect use of antibiotics has led to bacteria being exposed to non-lethal sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) in various environments. This situation is critically important for understanding the effects of antibiotics on bacterial virulence factors. Antibiotics at sub-MICs affect bacterial virulence and resistance mechanisms, necessitating a revaluation of infection control and treatment strategies. In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas veronii isolate, isolated from a freshwater source, to antibiotics commonly used in clinical practice was evaluated, and MICs were determined for the antibiotics to which it was sensitive. Additionally, the effects of sub-MIC (MIC/2 and MIC/4) doses of antibiotics on the bacterium's biofilm formation capacity and morphology were investigated. The results revealed that A. veronii was resistant to 4 out of 14 antibiotics tested in the study (ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Furthermore, sub-MICs were observed to reduce biofilm formation, with ciprofloxacin causing long filamentous morphology and meropenem resulting in a round cell morphology. These findings shed light on the effects of sub-MIC antibiotics on bacterial virulence and morphological characteristics and emphasize that these effects should be considered in clinical and environmental antibiotic management. Such studies are of great importance in preventing antibiotic resistance and developing treatment strategies.

Keywords

• Aeromonas veronii
• Antibiotics
• Bacterial morphology
• Biofilm
• Sub-MIC

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