Detection of Antimicrobial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Silver Nanoparticles Performed by Green Synthesis Using the Arachis hypogaea Plant

Abstract

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are an important agricultural crop grown worldwide, with notable significance in Türkiye and the United States, particularly in the Mediterranean region. In this research, peanuts obtained from Osmaniye province were used as the main material for our studies. Nanoparticles are utilized in a variety of disciplines within contemporary scientific research. Among the most critical research areas is the study of antibiotics, especially due to their lethal effects on various microorganisms. In this study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the seeds and shells of the A. hypogaea plant was carried out. Synthesized AgNPs were analyzed for antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activity. For the purpose of antimicrobial activity analysis, 22 pathogenic microorganisms were used in the study. As a result, statistically significant differences were found in the antimicrobial activity of AgNPs (P<0.05). Chromobacterium violaceum, used in the study, was the microorganism in which AgNPs showed the highest antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial effect of AgNPs on C. violaceum was demonstrated to be related to anti-quorum sensing activity. AgNPs synthesized from peanut seeds and shells also caused statistically significant differences in terms of anti-QS (P<0.05). In AgNPs synthesized from green and raw peanut seeds at a concentration of 2.5 μl/ml, the zone diameters were 19.2 mm, 18.6 mm, and 19.4 mm, respectively, whereas for AgNPs synthesized from green peanuts with shells, the diameters were 16.8 mm, 16.8 mm, and 14.8 mm, respectively. Especially in light of the fact that microorganisms exhibit significantly high levels of resistance to antibiotics and other therapeutic agents, these materials, which are both economically viable and effective, deserve consideration in the pharmaceutical industry and other fields.

Keywords

• Arachis hypogaea
• Antimicrobial activity
• Quorum sensing
• Silver nanoparticle

Arachis hypogaea Bitkisi Kullanılarak Yeşil Sentezi Gerçekleştirilen Gümüş Nanopartiküllerin Antimikrobiyal ve Anti Quorum Sensing Aktivitelerinin Tespiti

Abstract

Yer fıstığı (Arachis hypogaea L.), ağırlıklı olarak Akdeniz bölgesi olmak üzere Türkiye ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde dikkate değer bir öneme sahip, dünya çapında yetiştirilen önemli bir tarım ürünüdür. Bu araştırmada Osmaniye ilinden elde edilen yer fıstığı, araştırma çalışmalarımızın ana malzemesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Nanopartiküller, çağdaş bilimsel araştırmalar içinde çeşitli disiplinlerde kullanılmaktadır. Bu alanlardaki en kritik araştırmalar arasında, özellikle çeşitli mikroorganizmalar üzerindeki ölümcül etkileri nedeniyle antibiyotiklerin incelenmesi bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada A. hypogaea bitkisine ait tohum ve kabuklar ile gümüş nanopartiküllerin (AgNP) yeşil sentezi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sentezlenen AgNP’ler; antimikrobiyal ve anti-quorum sensing aktivite açısından analiz edilmiştir. Antimikrobiyal aktivite analizi amacıyla çalışmada 22 adet patojen mikroorganizma kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; AgNP’lerin antimikrobiyal aktivitelerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklar tespit edilmiştir (P0,05). Çalışmada kullanılan Chromobacterium violaceum, AgNP’lerin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği mikroorganizma olmuştur. AgNP’lerin C. violaceum üzerinde göstermiş oldukları antimikrobiyal etki, anti-quorum sensing aktiviteninde olduğunu sonuçlarda göstermiştir. Fıstık ve kabuk ile yeşil sentezi gerçekleştirilen AgNP’ler, Anti-QS açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklara da neden olmuştur (P0,05). 2,5 μl/ml konsantrasyondaki yaş, çiğ ve kavrulmuş yer fıstığı tohumu ile yeşil sentezi gerçekleştirilmiş AgNP’lerde zon çapları sırasıyla 19,2 mm, 18,6 mm, 19,4 mm iken, yer fıstığı kabuğu ile yeşil sentezi gerçekleştirilmiş AgNP’lerde sırasıyla 16,8 mm, 16,8 mm, 14,8 mm’dir. Özellikle mikroorganizmaların antibiyotiklere ve diğer terapötik ajanlara karşı önemli ölçüde yüksek direnç seviyeleri sergilediği gerçeği ışığında hem ekonomik olarak uygulanabilir hem de etkili olan bu malzemeler ilaç sektöründe ve diğer alanlarda dikkate alınmayı hak etmektedir.

Keywords

• Arachis hypogaea
• Antimikrobiyal aktivite
• Quorum sensing
• Gümüş nanopartikül

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