Analysis of Intraoral Images Using Deep Learning: Classification Performance of CNN Models

Abstract

The classification of intraoral images has become a critical aspect of modern dental diagnosis, particularly with the emergence of advanced imaging technologies and artificial intelligence (AI). The integration of transfer learning and ensemble techniques has shown promising results in enhancing the performance of models designed for this purpose. In this study, deep learning models such as ResNet152V2, DenseNet201, InceptionResNetV2, ConvNeXtBase, and Xception were tested individually and as an ensemble. The dataset includes intraoral images from individuals of various age groups. Data preprocessing, normalization, and fine-tuning techniques were applied during model training and evaluation. Performance analysis was conducted using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC metrics. The results indicate that the ResNet152V2 + DenseNet201 ensemble model achieved the highest accuracy (89.9%) and ROC-AUC score (0.9934). These findings highlight the great potential of deep learning-based approaches in dental applications, such as automatic diagnosis, treatment planning, and remote patient assessment. Furthermore, the development of AI-based systems for analyzing dental morphology and jaw structures can accelerate clinical workflows by providing decision-support mechanisms for dentists. Future studies should focus on expanding dataset diversity to improve model generalization.

Keywords

• Deep learning
• Intraoral image analysis
• CNN models
• Dental classification

Ağız İçi Görüntülerin Derin Öğrenme İle Analizi: CNN Modellerinin Sınıflandırma Performansı

Abstract

Ağız içi görüntülerin sınıflandırılması, özellikle gelişmiş görüntüleme teknolojileri ve yapay zekanın (AI) ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte, modern diş teşhisinin kritik bir yönüdür. Transfer öğrenme ve topluluk tekniklerinin entegrasyonu, bu amaçla tasarlanan modellerin performansını artırmada ümit verici sonuçlar göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada, ResNet152V2, DenseNet201, InceptionResNetV2, ConvNeXtBase ve Xception gibi derin öğrenme modelleri tek tek ve topluluk modeli olarak test edilmiştir. Kullanılan veri seti, farklı yaş gruplarından bireylerin ağız içi görüntülerini içermektedir. Modellerin eğitimi ve değerlendirilmesi aşamalarında veri ön işleme, normalizasyon ve ince ayar (fine-tuning) gibi teknikler uygulanmıştır. Doğruluk, kesinlik, duyarlılık, F1 skoru ve ROC-AUC gibi metrikler kullanılarak performans analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, ResNet152V2 + DenseNet201 topluluk modelinin en yüksek doğruluk oranına (%89,9) ve 0,9934 ROC-AUC değerine ulaştığını göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, derin öğrenme tabanlı yaklaşımların diş hekimliği uygulamalarında otomatik teşhis, tedavi planlaması ve uzaktan hasta değerlendirme gibi alanlarda büyük potansiyele sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, diş morfolojisi ve çene yapılarının analizi için yapay zeka tabanlı sistemlerin geliştirilmesi, klinik süreçleri hızlandırarak diş hekimlerine karar destek mekanizmaları sağlayabilir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, daha büyük ve çeşitli veri setleri kullanarak modelin genelleme yeteneğini artırmaya odaklanmalıdır.

Keywords

• Derin öğrenme
• Ağız içi görüntü analizi
• CNN modelleri
• Diş sınıflandırma

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