Research Article
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Automatic Modulation Recognition using ResNet Architecture

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 16 - 24, 15.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1783964
https://izlik.org/JA92WA78KX

Abstract

This work focuses on the application of deep learning models for the classification and identification of signals modulated using both analog and digital modulation techniques. The paper aims to explore the potential of advanced neural networks in accurately distinguishing between various modulation schemes, which play a critical role in modern communication systems. By leveraging large datasets and employing robust machine learning frameworks, the study evaluates the performance of these models in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and reliability under different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Furthermore, the paper provides a comparative analysis of the models, highlighting their strengths and limitations in handling diverse modulation types. The results of this work contribute to the development of intelligent communication systems capable of adapting to dynamic environments, ensuring robust and efficient signal processing.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because there was no study on animals or humans.

Project Number

N/A

References

  • Al-Nuaimi, D. H., Hashim, I. A., Zainal Abidin, I. S., Salman, L. B., & Mat Isa, N. A. (2019). Performance of feature-based techniques for automatic digital modulation recognition and classification: A review. Electronics, 8(12), 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121407
  • Azzouz, E. E., & Nandi, A. K. (1996). Automatic modulation recognition of communication signals, Springer USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2469-1
  • Azzouz, E. E., & Nandi, A. K. (1997). Automatic modulation recognition – I. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 334(2), 241–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-0032(96)00069-5
  • Çamlıbel, A., Karakaya, B., & Tanç, Y. H. (2024). Automatic modulation recognition with deep learning algorithms. In 32nd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) (pp. 1–4). Mersin, Türkiye.
  • Hsue, S. Z., & Soliman, S. S. (1989). Automatic modulation recognition of digitally modulated signals. In Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications Conference (pp. 645–649). Boston, MA, USA.
  • Jdid, B., Hassan, K., Dayoub, I., Lim, W. H., & Mokayef, M. (2021). Machine learning based automatic modulation recognition for wireless communications: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 9, 57851–57873. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3071801
  • Nandi, A. K., & Azzouz, E. E. (2002). Algorithms for automatic modulation recognition of communication signals. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 46(4), 431–436. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.664294
  • O’Shea, T. J., Roy, T., & Clancy, T. C. (2018). Over-the-air deep learning based radio signal classification. IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 12(1), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2018.2797022
  • Thameur, H. B., Dayoub, I., & Hamouda, W. (2022). USRP RIO-based testbed for real-time blind digital modulation recognition in MIMO systems. IEEE Communications Letters, 26(10), 2500–2504. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2022.3191787
  • Xing, H., Zhang, X., Chang, S., Ren, J., Zhang, Z., Xu, J., & Cui, S. (2024). Joint signal detection and automatic modulation classification via deep learning. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 23(11), 17129–17142. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2024.3450972
  • Xu, J. L., Su, W., & Zhou, M. (2010). Software-defined radio equipped with rapid modulation recognition. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 59(4), 1659–1667. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2010.2041805
  • Xu, T., & Ma, Y. (2023). Signal automatic modulation classification and recognition in view of deep learning. IEEE Access, 11, 114623–114637. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3324673
  • Yang, C., He, Z., Peng, Y., Wang, Y., & Yang, J. (2019). Deep learning aided method for automatic modulation recognition. IEEE Access, 7, 109063–109068. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933448
  • Zeng, Y., Zhang, M., Han, F., Gong, Y., & Zhang, J. (2019). Spectrum analysis and convolutional neural network for automatic modulation recognition. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 8(3), 929–932. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2019.2900247

Automatic Modulation Recognition using ResNet Architecture

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 16 - 24, 15.01.2026
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1783964
https://izlik.org/JA92WA78KX

Abstract

This work focuses on the application of deep learning models for the classification and identification of signals modulated using both analog and digital modulation techniques. The paper aims to explore the potential of advanced neural networks in accurately distinguishing between various modulation schemes, which play a critical role in modern communication systems. By leveraging large datasets and employing robust machine learning frameworks, the study evaluates the performance of these models in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and reliability under different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Furthermore, the paper provides a comparative analysis of the models, highlighting their strengths and limitations in handling diverse modulation types. The results of this work contribute to the development of intelligent communication systems capable of adapting to dynamic environments, ensuring robust and efficient signal processing.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because there was no study on animals or humans.

Project Number

N/A

References

  • Al-Nuaimi, D. H., Hashim, I. A., Zainal Abidin, I. S., Salman, L. B., & Mat Isa, N. A. (2019). Performance of feature-based techniques for automatic digital modulation recognition and classification: A review. Electronics, 8(12), 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121407
  • Azzouz, E. E., & Nandi, A. K. (1996). Automatic modulation recognition of communication signals, Springer USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2469-1
  • Azzouz, E. E., & Nandi, A. K. (1997). Automatic modulation recognition – I. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 334(2), 241–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-0032(96)00069-5
  • Çamlıbel, A., Karakaya, B., & Tanç, Y. H. (2024). Automatic modulation recognition with deep learning algorithms. In 32nd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU) (pp. 1–4). Mersin, Türkiye.
  • Hsue, S. Z., & Soliman, S. S. (1989). Automatic modulation recognition of digitally modulated signals. In Proceedings of the IEEE Military Communications Conference (pp. 645–649). Boston, MA, USA.
  • Jdid, B., Hassan, K., Dayoub, I., Lim, W. H., & Mokayef, M. (2021). Machine learning based automatic modulation recognition for wireless communications: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 9, 57851–57873. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3071801
  • Nandi, A. K., & Azzouz, E. E. (2002). Algorithms for automatic modulation recognition of communication signals. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 46(4), 431–436. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.664294
  • O’Shea, T. J., Roy, T., & Clancy, T. C. (2018). Over-the-air deep learning based radio signal classification. IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 12(1), 168–179. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2018.2797022
  • Thameur, H. B., Dayoub, I., & Hamouda, W. (2022). USRP RIO-based testbed for real-time blind digital modulation recognition in MIMO systems. IEEE Communications Letters, 26(10), 2500–2504. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2022.3191787
  • Xing, H., Zhang, X., Chang, S., Ren, J., Zhang, Z., Xu, J., & Cui, S. (2024). Joint signal detection and automatic modulation classification via deep learning. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 23(11), 17129–17142. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2024.3450972
  • Xu, J. L., Su, W., & Zhou, M. (2010). Software-defined radio equipped with rapid modulation recognition. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 59(4), 1659–1667. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2010.2041805
  • Xu, T., & Ma, Y. (2023). Signal automatic modulation classification and recognition in view of deep learning. IEEE Access, 11, 114623–114637. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3324673
  • Yang, C., He, Z., Peng, Y., Wang, Y., & Yang, J. (2019). Deep learning aided method for automatic modulation recognition. IEEE Access, 7, 109063–109068. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2933448
  • Zeng, Y., Zhang, M., Han, F., Gong, Y., & Zhang, J. (2019). Spectrum analysis and convolutional neural network for automatic modulation recognition. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 8(3), 929–932. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2019.2900247
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Wireless Communication Systems and Technologies (Incl. Microwave and Millimetrewave)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Bedirhan Şendur 0009-0004-5607-6159

Mümtaz Yılmaz 0000-0002-1121-7331

Project Number N/A
Submission Date September 14, 2025
Acceptance Date October 22, 2025
Early Pub Date December 4, 2025
Publication Date January 15, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1783964
IZ https://izlik.org/JA92WA78KX
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şendur, B., & Yılmaz, M. (2026). Automatic Modulation Recognition using ResNet Architecture. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 9(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1783964
AMA 1.Şendur B, Yılmaz M. Automatic Modulation Recognition using ResNet Architecture. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9(1):16-24. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1783964
Chicago Şendur, Bedirhan, and Mümtaz Yılmaz. 2026. “Automatic Modulation Recognition Using ResNet Architecture”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 (1): 16-24. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1783964.
EndNote Şendur B, Yılmaz M (January 1, 2026) Automatic Modulation Recognition using ResNet Architecture. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 1 16–24.
IEEE [1]B. Şendur and M. Yılmaz, “Automatic Modulation Recognition using ResNet Architecture”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 16–24, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1783964.
ISNAD Şendur, Bedirhan - Yılmaz, Mümtaz. “Automatic Modulation Recognition Using ResNet Architecture”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9/1 (January 1, 2026): 16-24. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1783964.
JAMA 1.Şendur B, Yılmaz M. Automatic Modulation Recognition using ResNet Architecture. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9:16–24.
MLA Şendur, Bedirhan, and Mümtaz Yılmaz. “Automatic Modulation Recognition Using ResNet Architecture”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 16-24, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1783964.
Vancouver 1.Bedirhan Şendur, Mümtaz Yılmaz. Automatic Modulation Recognition using ResNet Architecture. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026 Jan. 1;9(1):16-24. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1783964

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