Research Article

Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case

Volume: 9 Number: 1 December 23, 2025
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Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case

Abstract

The soil under dynamic effects such as earthquakes causes great damage to the structure. One of the most important causes of damage caused by earthquakes is liquefaction. On the 6th of February 2023 Kahramanmaraş, earthquakes and many others, many people lost their lives in structures damaged due to liquefaction. Türkiye Building Earthquake Regulation (2018) explains what should be done about liquefaction. In this study, computer software that calculates the liquefaction potential according to the earthquake code is developed. The software is prepared using MATLAB programming language, which is an object-oriented language. This software calculates the liquefaction potential of soil layers according to possible earthquakes and Standard Penetration Test data. Consequently, it is understood that soils with liquefaction potential should be determined through using the software, and foundation design should be made by the soil conditions.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because there was no study on animals or humans.

References

  1. Castro, G. (1969). Liquefaction of sands (Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University).
  2. Çetin, K. O., Soylemez, B., Güzel, H., & Cakir, E. (2025). Soil liquefaction sites following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye earthquake sequence. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 23(2), 921–944. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-02051-4
  3. Davran, S., Özocak, A., Sert, S., & Bol, E. (2024). Evaluation of liquefaction potential on alluvial soils by numerical analysis and effect of soil improvement on the analysis. Journal of Polytechnic, 27(3), 1029–1041. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1332854
  4. Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD). (2025). Official website. https://www.afad.gov.tr/ (accessed on March 9, 2025).
  5. Gücek, S., Afacan, K. B., & Zorluer, İ. (2025). The fact of soil amplification and liquefaction after the earthquakes of February 6, 2023: Examples of Antakya, Gölbaşı, Türkoğlu. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 23(3), 740–752. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1458269
  6. Idriss, I. M., & Boulanger, R. W. (2006). Semi-empirical procedures for evaluating liquefaction potential during earthquakes. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26(2–4), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.11.023
  7. Ishihara, K. (1984). Post-earthquake failure of a tailings dam due to liquefaction of pond deposit. 1st International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, May 6–11, St. Louis, MO, ABD.
  8. Ishihara, K. (1985). Stability of natural deposits during earthquakes. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (Volume 1, pp. 321–376). A. A. Balkema.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Civil Geotechnical Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

December 23, 2025

Publication Date

December 23, 2025

Submission Date

October 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 19, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Köksal, O., & Karaca, Z. (2026). Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 9(1), 274-286. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1797566
AMA
1.Köksal O, Karaca Z. Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9(1):274-286. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1797566
Chicago
Köksal, Olgun, and Zeki Karaca. 2026. “Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 (1): 274-86. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1797566.
EndNote
Köksal O, Karaca Z (January 1, 2026) Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 1 274–286.
IEEE
[1]O. Köksal and Z. Karaca, “Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 274–286, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1797566.
ISNAD
Köksal, Olgun - Karaca, Zeki. “Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9/1 (January 1, 2026): 274-286. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1797566.
JAMA
1.Köksal O, Karaca Z. Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9:274–286.
MLA
Köksal, Olgun, and Zeki Karaca. “Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 274-86, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1797566.
Vancouver
1.Olgun Köksal, Zeki Karaca. Analysis of Liquefaction Potential of Soils by Object Oriented Computer Software: 6th of February, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Case. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026 Jan. 1;9(1):274-86. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1797566

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