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Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams
Abstract
In this study, nonlinear bending behavior of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet reinforced composite beams is analyzed using Touratier’s higher-order shear deformation theory. Nonlinear equilibrium equations and boundary conditions are derived from the minimum potential energy principle and numerically solved. Equilibrium equations are valid for any beam theory. Equilibrium equations of other beam theories can be easily obtained by changing the f(z) function in these equations. The bending, vibration, and buckling of beams can be easily studied by other theories using the given equilibrium equations and boundary conditions. The graphs of all the unknowns of the problem were presented along the length of the beam. In addition, polynomials fitted to the dimensionless numerical results obtained were given.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because of there was no study on animals or humans.
Thanks
The work reported here is supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Earthquake Engineering
Journal Section
Research Article
Early Pub Date
December 22, 2025
Publication Date
December 22, 2025
Submission Date
October 15, 2025
Acceptance Date
December 17, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1
APA
Artan, R., & Kartal, İ. Ö. (2026). Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 9(1), 254-264. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1804471
AMA
1.Artan R, Kartal İÖ. Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9(1):254-264. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1804471
Chicago
Artan, Reha, and İsmail Önder Kartal. 2026. “Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 (1): 254-64. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1804471.
EndNote
Artan R, Kartal İÖ (January 1, 2026) Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 1 254–264.
IEEE
[1]R. Artan and İ. Ö. Kartal, “Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 254–264, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1804471.
ISNAD
Artan, Reha - Kartal, İsmail Önder. “Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9/1 (January 1, 2026): 254-264. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1804471.
JAMA
1.Artan R, Kartal İÖ. Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9:254–264.
MLA
Artan, Reha, and İsmail Önder Kartal. “Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 254-6, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1804471.
Vancouver
1.Reha Artan, İsmail Önder Kartal. Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026 Jan. 1;9(1):254-6. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1804471