Research Article

Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams

Volume: 9 Number: 1 December 22, 2025
EN TR

Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams

Abstract

In this study, nonlinear bending behavior of functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet reinforced composite beams is analyzed using Touratier’s higher-order shear deformation theory. Nonlinear equilibrium equations and boundary conditions are derived from the minimum potential energy principle and numerically solved. Equilibrium equations are valid for any beam theory. Equilibrium equations of other beam theories can be easily obtained by changing the f(z) function in these equations. The bending, vibration, and buckling of beams can be easily studied by other theories using the given equilibrium equations and boundary conditions. The graphs of all the unknowns of the problem were presented along the length of the beam. In addition, polynomials fitted to the dimensionless numerical results obtained were given.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because of there was no study on animals or humans.

Thanks

The work reported here is supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.

References

  1. Fei, Y., Fang, S., & Hu, Y. H. (2020). Synthesis, properties and potential applications of hydrogenated graphene. Chemical Engineering Journal, 397, 125408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125408
  2. Gaj, J., Clapa, M., Nowak, D., Juszczak, J., Galazka, M., Pelka, M., & Niedzielski, P. (2020). Metallurgical graphene under different gas atmospheres and UV radiation for gas-sensing applications. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 312, 112152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112152
  3. Gao, K., Do, D. M., Li, R., Kitipornchai, S., & Yang, J. (2020). Probabilistic stability analysis of functionally graded graphene reinforced porous beams. Aerospace Science and Technology, 98, 105738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.105738
  4. Hao, Y. X., Cao, Z., Zhang, W., Chen, J., & Yao, M. H. (2019). Stability analysis for geometric nonlinear functionally graded sandwich shallow shell using a new developed displacement field. Composite Structures, 210, 202–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.11.053
  5. Jalei, M. H., & Civalek, O. (2019). On dynamic instability of magnetically embedded viscoelastic porous FG nanobeam. International Journal of Engineering Science, 143, 14–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2019.06.012
  6. Joshan, Y. S., Grover, N., & Singh, B. N. (2017). A new non-polynomial four variable shear deformation theory in axiomatic formulation for hygro-thermo-mechanical analysis of laminated composite plates. Composite Structures, 182, 685–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.09.052
  7. Karami, B., & Shahsavari, D. (2020). On the forced resonant vibration analysis of functionally graded polymer composite doubly-curved nanoshells reinforced with graphene-nanoplatelets. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 359, 112767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2019.112767
  8. Kim, J., Zur, K. K., & Reddy, J. N. (2019). Bending, free vibration, and buckling of modified couple stress-based functionally graded porous micro-plates. Composite Structures, 209, 879–888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2018.11.023

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Earthquake Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

December 22, 2025

Publication Date

December 22, 2025

Submission Date

October 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 17, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Artan, R., & Kartal, İ. Ö. (2026). Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 9(1), 254-264. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1804471
AMA
1.Artan R, Kartal İÖ. Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9(1):254-264. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1804471
Chicago
Artan, Reha, and İsmail Önder Kartal. 2026. “Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 (1): 254-64. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1804471.
EndNote
Artan R, Kartal İÖ (January 1, 2026) Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 1 254–264.
IEEE
[1]R. Artan and İ. Ö. Kartal, “Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 254–264, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1804471.
ISNAD
Artan, Reha - Kartal, İsmail Önder. “Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9/1 (January 1, 2026): 254-264. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1804471.
JAMA
1.Artan R, Kartal İÖ. Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9:254–264.
MLA
Artan, Reha, and İsmail Önder Kartal. “Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 254-6, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1804471.
Vancouver
1.Reha Artan, İsmail Önder Kartal. Functionally Graded Graphene Nanoplatelet Reinforced Composite Nonlinear Beams. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026 Jan. 1;9(1):254-6. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1804471

                            24890