The Effect of Basalt Fiber Dispersion on the Marshall Parameters

Abstract

The mechanical performance of fiber-reinforced asphalt mixtures is fundamentally governed by the uniformity of fiber distribution within the binder matrix. However, basalt fibers, despite their superior tensile strength and thermal stability, possess a strong tendency to agglomerate during mixing, which can compromise pavement durability. This study investigates the dispersion effect of basalt fibers on the Marshall stability and volumetric properties of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Using a 50/70 penetration grade bitumen and limestone aggregates, two groups of mixtures were prepared: a control group with conventional non-dispersed fibers (N-BF) and an experimental group utilizing an alcohol-assisted dispersion technique (D-BF) to ensure monofilament separation. Marshall mix design results indicated that fiber dispersion significantly influenced binder efficiency and structural stiffness. The D-BF mixtures achieved maximum stability and target air voids at notably lower bitumen contents compared to the N-BF group, resulting in a reduction of the Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) by approximately 0.2–0.3%. Furthermore, the improved dispersion led to lower flow values and a higher Marshall Quotient (MQ), indicating enhanced resistance to shear deformation and rutting. Conversely, fiber agglomeration in the N-BF mixtures hindered compaction and increased binder demand. These findings demonstrate that the alcohol-dispersion method effectively unlocks the reinforcing potential of basalt fibers, offering a more economical and durable solution for asphalt pavement construction.

Keywords

• HMA
• Basalt fiber
• Fiber dispersion
• Marshall parameters

References

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