Investigation of the Inhibitory Effect of Extracts and Dietary Fibers Obtained from Hazelnut Leaf and Husk Waste on Mild Steel Corrosion in 1 M HCl

Abstract

This study aimed to transform hazelnut leaves and husks, which have significant agricultural waste potential in Turkey, into high value-added corrosion inhibitors. The effects of extracts obtained from hazelnut leaves and husks, and dietary fibers isolated from these wastes, on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel), and adsorption isotherms. The findings showed that all inhibitor types reduced the corrosion rate in the acidic medium and the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration. The highest protection efficiency (81.0%) was obtained with hazelnut leaf fiber (200 mg/L) in the studied concentration range. Tafel polarization results revealed that the inhibitors exhibited a mixed-type behavior, controlling both anodic and cathodic reactions. Adsorption studies proved that the inhibitor molecules adhered to the metal surface in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption mechanism was a mixed-type process involving both physical and chemical interactions. This study demonstrates that hazelnut agricultural wastes can be evaluated as an eco-friendly, economical, and sustainable source of corrosion inhibitors.

Keywords

• Corrosion
• Hazelnut
• Green inhibitor
• Mild steel
• Dietary fiber
• Acidic media

Fındık Yaprağı ve Zurufu Atıklarından Elde Edilen Ekstrakt ve Diyet Liflerin 1 M HCl İçinde Yumuşak Çelik Korozyonuna Karşı İnhibitör Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de önemli bir tarımsal atık potansiyeline sahip olan fındık yaprağı ve zurufunun katma değeri yüksek korozyon inhibitörlerine dönüştürülmesi hedeflenmiştir. Fındık yaprağı ve zurufundan elde edilen ekstraktlar ile bu atıklardan izole edilen diyet liflerinin, 1 M HCl çözeltisi içerisinde yumuşak çeliğin korozyonunu önleme etkisi; elektrokimyasal empedans spektroskopisi (EIS), potansiyodinamik polarizasyon (Tafel) ve adsorpsiyon izotermi yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, tüm inhibitör türlerinin asidik ortamda korozyon hızını azalttığını ve derişim artışıyla birlikte inhibisyon verimliliğini arttığını göstermiştir. Çalışılan konsantrasyon aralığında en yüksek koruma verimliliği (%81,0) fındık yaprağı lifi (200 mg/L) ile elde edilmiştir. Tafel polarizasyon sonuçları, inhibitörlerin hem anodik hem de katodik reaksiyonları kontrol eden karma tip bir davranış sergilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Adsorpsiyon çalışmaları, inhibitör moleküllerinin metal yüzeyine Langmuir adsorpsiyon izotermine uygun olarak tutunduğunu ve adsorpsiyon mekanizmasının fiziksel ve kimyasal etkileşimlerin bir arada olduğu karışık tip mekanizma olduğunu kanıtlamıştır. Bu çalışma, fındık tarımsal atıklarının çevre dostu, ekonomik ve sürdürülebilir bir korozyon inhibitör kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Korozyon
• Fındık
• Yeşil inhibitör
• Yumuşak çelik
• Diyet lifi
• Asidik ortam

References

1. Alasalvar, C., Karamać, M., Amarowicz, R., & Shahidi, F. (2006). Antioxidant and antiradical activities in extracts of hazelnut kernel (Corylus avellana L.) and hazelnut green leafy cover. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(13), 4826–4832.
2. Alaneme, K. K., Daramola, Y. S., Olusegun, S. J., & Afolabi, A. S. (2015). Corrosion inhibition and adsorption characteristics of rice husk extracts on mild steel immersed in 1M H2SO4 and HCl solutions. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 10, 2683–2697.
3. Alibakhshi, E., Ramezanzadeh, M., Bahlakeh, G., Ramezanzadeh, B., Mahdavian, M., & Motamedi, M. (2018). Glycyrrhiza glabra leaves extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution: Experimental, molecular dynamics, Monte Carlo and quantum mechanics study. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 255, 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.144
4. Arthur, D. E., & Abechi, S. E. (2019). Corrosion inhibition studies of mild steel using Acalypha chamaedrifolia leaves extract in hydrochloric acid medium. SN Applied Sciences, 1(9), Article 1051. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1138-4
5. Bayıl, A., Oğuzkan, S., Uğraş, S., Can, M., Uzun, A., Ülger, S., Üzmez, Ş., Karagül, B., Kılıç, H. İ., Özaslan, M., & Uğraş, H. İ. (2016). Fındık (Corylus avellana L.) yeşil kabuk ve yaprak ekstraklarında biyolojik aktivite tayini. KSÜ Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 19(4), 362–369.
6. Benzie, I. F., & Strain, J. J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: The FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1), 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292
7. Cordeiro, R. F. B., Belati, A. J. S., Perrone, D., & D’Elia, E. (2018). Coffee husk as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl media. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 13(12), 12188–12207. https://doi.org/10.20964/2018.12.29
8. Fernandes, C. M., Alvarez, L. X., Escarpini dos Santos, N., Barrios, A. C. M., & Ponzio, E. A. (2019). Green synthesis of 1-benzyl-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole, its application as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium and new approach of classical electrochemical analyses. Corrosion Science, 149, 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2019.01.019

9. Gülçin, İ., & Alwasel, S. H. (2023). DPPH radical scavenging assay. Processes, 11(8), Article 2248. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082248
10. Huang, J. Y., Liao, J. S., Qi, J. R., Jiang, W. X., & Yang, X. Q. (2021). Structural and physicochemical properties of pectin-rich dietary fiber are prepared from citrus peel. Food Hydrocolloids, 110, Article 106140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106140
11. Iroha, N. B., James, A. O., & Iroha, N. B. (2019). An investigation on the inhibitory action of modified almond extract on the corrosion of Q235 mild steel in acid environment. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 12(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-1202020110
12. Karaca, E. (2016). Fındık zurufu kompostunun toprakların ve fındık bitkisi yapraklarının besin maddesi içerikleri üzerine etkisi (Yüksek lisans tezi). Ordu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
13. Li, X., Deng, S., & Fu, H. (2012). Inhibition of the corrosion of steel in HCl, H2SO4 solutions by bamboo leaf extract. Corrosion Science, 62, 163–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.05.008
14. Murmu, M., Saha, S. K., Murmu, N. C., & Banerjee, P. (2019). Effect of stereochemical conformation into the corrosion inhibitive behaviour of double azomethine based Schiff bases on mild steel surface in 1 mol L-1 HCl medium: An experimental, density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation study. Corrosion Science, 146, 134–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.10.002
15. Qiang, Y., Zhang, S., Tan, B., & Chen, S. (2018). Evaluation of Ginkgo leaf extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor of X70 steel in HCl solution. Corrosion Science, 133, 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.01.008
16. Saeed, M. T., Saleem, M., Usmani, S., Malik, I. A., Al-Shammari, F. A., & Deen, K. M. (2019). Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl by sweet melon peel extract. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 31(4), 1344–1351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2019.01.013
17. Sanaei, Z., Ramezanzadeh, M., Bahlakeh, G., & Ramezanzadeh, B. (2019). Use of Rosa canina fruit extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution: A complementary experimental, molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics investigation. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 69, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.09.013
18. Saxena, A., Prasad, D., Haldhar, R., Singh, G., & Kumar, A. (2018). Use of Sida cordifolia extract as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 6(1), 694–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.12.064
19. Shahidi, F., Alasalvar, C., & Liyana-Pathirana, C. M. (2007). Antioxidant phytochemicals in hazelnut kernel (Corylus avellana L.) and hazelnut byproducts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(4), 1212–1220.
20. Shehata, O. S., Korshed, L. A., & Attia, A. (2018). Green corrosion inhibitors, past, present, and future. In Corrosion Inhibitors, Principles and Recent Applications. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72753
21. Vengatesh, G., & Sundaravadivelu, M. (2019). Non-toxic bisacodyl as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl: Thermodynamic, electrochemical, SEM, EDX, AFM, FT-IR, DFT and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 287, Article 110906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110906
22. Verma, C., Quraishi, M. A., Ebenso, E. E., & Bahadur, I. (2018). A green and sustainable approach for mild steel acidic corrosion inhibition using leaves extract: Experimental and DFT studies. Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, 4(3), Article 33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-018-0150-3
23. Yang, X., Dai, J., Zhong, Y., Wei, X., Zhang, Y., Wu, M., Huang, A., Wang, L., Huang, Y., Zhang, C., Chen, X., & Xiao, H. (2021). Characterization of insoluble dietary fiber from three food sources and their potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Food & Function, 12(11), 5005–5016. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1FO00521A