Research Article

Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province

Volume: 9 Number: 3 May 15, 2026
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Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province

Abstract

Water is essential to survive and groundwater plays an important role in supplying water to rural areas. Over time, however, groundwater quality has deteriorated due to anthropogenic activities such as agricultural run-off, excessive fertilizer use and industrial pollution. In particular, high nitrate levels in groundwater raise concerns about whether the water is safe to drink. This research aims to determine the nitrate concentrations in groundwater wells used for irrigation in areas with intensive agricultural activities in the Kırşehir region and to evaluate the suitability of these waters for agricultural irrigation. Additionally, the spatial distribution of nitrate pollution levels and the effects of precipitation patterns were analyzed. Well water was sampled seasonally in January, April, July and October from 2015-2019. The analysis results were evaluated within the framework of the Regulation on protection of waters against nitrate pollution from agricultural sources. In addition, the spatial distribution of nitrate pollution at various locations in the region was modeled using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation. Between 2015 and 2019, the lowest nitrate concentration 0.01 mg L⁻¹ was observed in the Eldelekli and Toklumen wells, whereas the highest value 302.16 mg L⁻¹was recorded in 2019 at the Pınarkaya and Acıöz wells in the Mucur district. During this period, nitrate concentrations ranged widely between 0.01 and 302.16 mg L⁻¹, indicating that agricultural activities and seasonal conditions had a significant impact on groundwater quality in the region. The study evaluated groundwater nitrate data obtained from multiple monitoring points in relation to annual precipitation amounts. This study highlights the importance of sustainable water management practices by identifying areas at risk of groundwater quality deterioration. It also emphasizes the significance of considering climatic factors, particularly precipitation, in water quality assessments.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because of there was no study on animals or humans.

References

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  3. Anonymous. (2002). Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Ground water and drinking water. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  4. Anonymous. (2005). TSE (Türk Standartları Enstitüsü). TS266: Sular – insani tüketim amaçlı sular. https://intweb.tse.org.tr/standard/standard/Standard.aspx
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  6. Anonymous. (2016). Tarımsal kaynaklı nitrat kirliliğine karşı suların korunması yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete. Erişim tarihi: 30 Kasım 2016, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

May 15, 2026

Submission Date

March 6, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 10, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 3

APA
Kıymaz, S., Genç, S., & Şirin, E. (2026). Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 9(3), 1191-1206. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1904293
AMA
1.Kıymaz S, Genç S, Şirin E. Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9(3):1191-1206. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1904293
Chicago
Kıymaz, Sultan, Serdar Genç, and Ebru Şirin. 2026. “Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 (3): 1191-1206. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1904293.
EndNote
Kıymaz S, Genç S, Şirin E (May 1, 2026) Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9 3 1191–1206.
IEEE
[1]S. Kıymaz, S. Genç, and E. Şirin, “Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1191–1206, May 2026, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1904293.
ISNAD
Kıymaz, Sultan - Genç, Serdar - Şirin, Ebru. “Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 9/3 (May 1, 2026): 1191-1206. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1904293.
JAMA
1.Kıymaz S, Genç S, Şirin E. Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026;9:1191–1206.
MLA
Kıymaz, Sultan, et al. “Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 9, no. 3, May 2026, pp. 1191-06, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1904293.
Vancouver
1.Sultan Kıymaz, Serdar Genç, Ebru Şirin. Determination of Nitrate Levels in Well Water: The Case of Kırşehir Province. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2026 May 1;9(3):1191-206. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1904293

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