Maden Proses Atıklarının Harçlarda Agrega Olarak Kullanımında Atıkların Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Harcın Mekanik Performansına Etkisi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, farklı maden proses atıklarının standart kum yerine agrega olarak kullanıldığı harçların mekanik performansına, söz konusu atıkların fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin etkisi deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Pb-Zn, altın, bakır ve demir madeni proses atıkları farklı ikame oranlarında TS EN 196-1 standardına uygun harç karışımlarında değerlendirilmiş ve 28 ile 56 günlük kür süreleri sonunda basınç dayanımı değerleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca agregaların tane boyutu dağılımı, özgül yüzey alanı (BET), gerçek yoğunluk ve kimyasal bileşimleri (XRF) belirlenerek fiziksel-kimyasal özellikler ile mekanik performans arasındaki ilişkiler birlikte analiz edilmiştir. Deney sonuçları, Pb-Zn maden atıklarının özellikle %20 ikame oranında referans karışımlara kıyasla belirgin performans artışı sağladığını göstermiştir. Bu kapsamda 28 günlük basınç dayanımı 47 MPa’a, 56 günlük basınç dayanımı ise 53 MPa’a ulaşarak referans numunelere (32-36 MPa) göre önemli bir iyileşme elde edilmiştir. Bakır maden atıkları ise sınırlı ancak kabul edilebilir düzeyde mekanik katkı sağlamıştır. Buna karşılık, demir ve altın madeni atıkları içeren numunelerde basınç dayanımı değerlerinin sırasıyla yaklaşık 8-12 MPa ve 5-8 MPa aralığında kaldığı ve bunun ince tane boyutu ile yüksek özgül yüzey alanına bağlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, agregaların fiziksel özellikleri (tane boyutu dağılımı, yüzey alanı, porozite) ile kimyasal bileşimlerinin birlikte mekanik performansı belirlediğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, uygun fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklere sahip maden atıklarının doğal agregalara sürdürülebilir bir alternatif oluşturabileceği ve bu yaklaşımın inşaat sektöründe atıkların yeniden değerlendirilmesine bilimsel ve uygulamaya yönelik önemli katkılar sunabileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Maden proses atıkları
• Agrega ikamesi
• Mekanik performans
• Fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikler

Effect of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Mining Process Wastes on the Mechanical Performance of Mortars When Used as Aggregates

Abstract

This study experimentally investigates the effect of the physical and chemical properties of different mining process wastes on the mechanical performance of mortars in which these wastes are used as a replacement for standard sand as aggregate. In this context, Pb-Zn, gold, copper, and iron mining process wastes were evaluated at different replacement ratios in mortar mixtures prepared in accordance with TS EN 196-1, and their compressive strength values were compared after 28 and 56 days of curing. In addition, the particle size distribution, specific surface area (BET), true density, and chemical composition (XRF) of the aggregates were determined, and the relationships between their physical-chemical properties and mechanical performance were analyzed comprehensively. The experimental results showed that Pb-Zn mining wastes provided a significant improvement in performance, particularly at a 20% replacement ratio, compared to the reference mixtures. In this case, the 28-day compressive strength reached 47 MPa and the 56-day compressive strength reached 53 MPa, indicating a considerable enhancement compared to the reference samples (32-36 MPa). Copper mining wastes, on the other hand, provided limited but acceptable mechanical contributions. In contrast, mortars containing iron and gold mining wastes exhibited compressive strength values in the ranges of approximately 8-12 MPa and 5-8 MPa, respectively, which were attributed to their finer particle size and higher specific surface area. The findings indicate that both the physical properties of aggregates (particle size distribution, surface area, and porosity) and their chemical composition jointly govern the mechanical performance. Consequently, mining wastes with suitable physical and chemical characteristics can serve as sustainable alternatives to natural aggregates, offering significant scientific and practical contributions to the reuse of industrial wastes in the construction sector.

Keywords

• Mine process wastes
• Aggregate replacement
• Mechanical performance
• Physical and chemical properties

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