The Effect of Triple-Glazed Water Flow Windows on Cooling Energy Consumption

Abstract

A novel idea called the Water Flow Window (WFW) involves a regulated water flow in the space between two glazing panes. Running water in the summer can greatly lessen the heat gain in the room. This study is carried out in summer for triple-glazed windows in Elazig. The electrical energy savings rate of the cooling systems obtained with the WFW system design compared to normal windows. One side of the cabinets used in the experimental study is completely windowed, while the other facades are made with insulation material on the upper and lower parts. The experimental cabinets’ dimensions are 30x35x75 cm. As the water flow rate rises, the consumption rates fall. At the end of the experimental days, the minimum consumption (daily total) ratio of cooling devices of testing cabinets is around 0.33 and the maximum ratio of cooling devices is around 0.44 at the lowest flow rate.

Keywords

• Energy
• Water flow window
• Electricity consumption
• Solar effect
• Cooling system

Supporting Institution

Fırat University

Project Number

TEKF.18.20

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because of there was no study on animals or humans.

Thanks

This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Firat University. Project number TEKF. 18.20. This study was performed at Firat University within the scope of the Ph.D. thesis, numbered from the Council of Higher Education of Türkiye (YÖKTEZ) as 10368230, titled “Experimental and Numerical investigation of the Liquid Flow Windows Systems.“. Within the scope of his thesis, we would like to thank the Department of Scientific Support (BİDEB) of TÜBITAK, which gave Halil İbrahim Yamaç a scholarship within the scope of priority fields.

References

1. Chow, T. T., & Li, C. (2013). Liquid-filled solar glazing design for buoyant water-flow. Building and Environment, 60, 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.11.010
2. Chow, T. T., & Lyu, Y. (2017). Effect of design configurations on water flow window performance. Solar Energy, 155, 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.06.050
3. Chow, T. T., Li, C., & Lin, Z. (2011). Thermal characteristics of water-flow double-pane window. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 50(2), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2010.10.006
4. Dilaver, Z., & Hunt, L. C. (2011). Modelling and forecasting Turkish residential electricity demand. Energy Policy, 39(6), 3117–3127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.02.059
5. Gueymard, C. A., & duPont, W. C. (2009). Spectral effects on the transmittance, solar heat gain, and performance rating of glazing systems. Solar Energy, 83(6), 940–953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2008.12.012
6. Javadi, F. S., Metselaar, H. S. C., & Ganesan, P. (2020). Performance improvement of solar thermal systems integrated with phase change materials (PCM), a review. Solar Energy, 206, 330–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.05.106
7. Kayalica, M. O., Ozozen, A., Guven, D., Kayakutlu, G., & Bayar, A. A. (2020). Electricity consumption analysis based on Turkish Household Budget Surveys. Energy, Ecology and Environment, 5(6), 444–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40974-020-00193-z
8. Li, D., Li, Z., Zheng, Y., Liu, C., Hussein, A. K., & Liu, X. (2016). Thermal performance of a PCM-filled double-glazing unit with different thermophysical parameters of PCM. Solar Energy, 133, 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.03.039

9. Lyu, Y., Wu, X., Li, C., Su, H., & He, L. (2019). Numerical analysis on the effectiveness of warm water supply in water flow window for room heating. Solar Energy, 177, 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.11.033
10. Nikolaeva-Dimitrova, M., Stoyanova, M., Ivanov, P., Tchonkova, K., & Stoykov, R. (2018). Investigation of thermal behaviour of innovative Water Flow Glazing modular unit. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 50, 21–27.
11. Pal, S., Roy, B., & Neogi, S. (2009). Heat transfer modelling on windows and glazing under the exposure of solar radiation. Energy and Buildings, 41(6), 654–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.01.003
12. Peng, J., Curcija, D. C., Lu, L., Selkowitz, S. E., Yang, H., & Zhang, W. (2016). Numerical investigation of the energy saving potential of a semi-transparent photovoltaic double-skin facade in a cool-summer Mediterranean climate. Applied Energy, 165, 345–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.074
13. Piffer, Y., Lamberts, R., Ordenes Mizgier, M., & Güths, S. (2021). A review on windows incorporating water-based liquids. Solar Energy, 214, 606–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.11.072
14. Shaikh, P. H., Nor, N. B. M., Nallagownden, P., Elamvazuthi, I., & Ibrahim, T. (2014). A review on optimized control systems for building energy and comfort management of smart sustainable buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 34, 409–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.027
15. Souayfane, F., Fardoun, F., & Biwole, P. H. (2016). Phase change materials (PCM) for cooling applications in buildings: A review. Energy and Buildings, 129, 396–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.006
16. Yamaç, H. İ., & Koca, A. (2021). Experimental investigation of water flow window system and numerical modeling of solar thermal energy storage with phase change materials on the way of nearly zero energy buildings. Journal of Energy Storage, 43, Article 103118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103118
17. Yaşar, Y., & Kalfa, S. M. (2012). The effects of window alternatives on energy efficiency and building economy in high-rise residential buildings in moderate to humid climates. Energy Conversion and Management, 64, 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.05.023