DESTEKLİ SIVI MEMBRANLAR VE KULLANIM ALANLARI

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, kullanımı umut vaat eden alternatif bir ayırma yöntemi olan destekli sıvı membranlar (DSM) incelenmiştir. DSM, ince mikrogözenekli bir katı desteğin gözeneklerinde, sıvıların immobilize edildiği yapıdır. Farklı gözenek boyutu ve karaktere sahip olan katı desteğin gözeneklerine ekstraktant yükleme yöntemleri, destekli sıvı membranların nasıl hazırlandığı, hazırlanan membran ile istenen element veya bileşiklerin besleme fazdan sıyırıcı faza nasıl taşındığı ve ayrıldığı açıklanmıştır. Ayırmak istenen gaz, metal veya bileşiğe özgü ekstraktant seçilip membrana immobilize edildikten sonra hazırlanan destek membran, besleme ve sıyırıcı fazdan oluşan iki hücreli düzenek arasına yerleştirilir ve denemeler gerçekleştirilir. DSM ekstraksiyon ve sıyırma basamaklarını tek bir adımda gerçekleştirerek yüksek ayırma faktörlerine ulaşma olasılığına sahiptir. Gözeneklere yüklenen ekstraktant miktarı diğer ayırma yöntemlerinde kullanılan miktarla karşılaştırıldığında daha azdır. Böylece kullanılan kimyasal miktarı azalmakta ve daha az atık üretilmektedir. Ancak birçok avantajına rağmen kararsız karakterde olan bu membranların kullanım ömrü kısıtlıdır. Bu yüzden membran destek, ekstraktant ve seyreltici seçiminde dikkatli olunmalıdır. Destek materyalin karakterizasyonu SEM, FESEM, SEM-EDX gibi cihazlarla yapılmaktadır. Destekli sıvı membranların analitik, biyoteknoloji ve çevre bilimleri gibi birçok alanda uygulamalarına rastlanmıştır. Nükleer sanayide ise destekli sıvı membranlara olan ilgi son yıllarda artmıştır. Aktinitler ve fisyon ürünlerinin ayrılması gibi uygulamalarda araştırma potansiyeline sahip olan düz levha tipi destekli sıvı membranların, endüstriyel boyutta uygulanmalarında sıkıntılar yaşanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, nükleer yakıt döngüsünde farklı basamaklarda kullanılma potansiyeline sahip olan düz levha tipi membranlar nükleer güç santralleri kurma ve nükleer teknolojiye sahip olma girişiminde olan ülkeler için önem arz etmektedir.

Keywords

• Destekli sıvı membranlar
• Ayırma
• İmmobilizasyon
• Stabilite
• Taşıma

Supported liquid membranes and Its applications

Abstract

In this study, as a promising alternative separation method supported liquid membranes (SLMs) are investigated. SLM is a structure that liquid immobilized into pores of a thin microporous support. Supports have different pore size and character. Preparation methods of SLM, transport mechanism and separation of element or compound from feed to stripping phase are clarified. Proper extractant is decided by considering the preferred separated gas, metal or compound and extractant is immobilized into pores of membrane. Afterwards, prepared SLM is put into middle of the two glass diffusion cell ad experiments are carried out. By SLM, extraction and strip phases occur in one-step and it has possibility of achieving high separation factors. If it is compared with other separation methods the extractant amount used is fewer than the others. Thus, the amount of chemicals and contaminants could be reduced. However, despite several advantages the membranes are unstable and their lifetimes are limited so it is significant choosing proper membrane support, extractant and diluter. Support membrane is characterized by SEM, FESEM, and SEM-EDX. They have applications in numerous areas such as analytic, biotechnology and environmental science. In recent years, nuclear industry has an increasing trend to SLMs. In separation of actinides and fission products flat sheet SLMs have potential but in industrial applications it is difficult to scale up. Hence it is significant for Turkey attempts to construct nuclear power plants and have nuclear technology like other countries to enhance flat sheet SLMs which have potential in nuclear fuel cycle steps

Keywords

• Supported liquid membranes
• Separation
• Immobilization
• Stability
• Transport

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