Genetic Resources and Diversity among Sheep Breeds of Asia and Europe

Abstract

Sheep has been domesticated southwestern Asia for about 8000-9000 years ago and represented one of earliest livestock species. Ancestor relationship can be investigated through mtDNA data. There are many genetic markers to determine the relationship between and among the sheep breeds. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms are basic technique and have less variability and many restrictions as compared to Random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Due to specific amplification of Amplified fragment length polymorphisms it is more suitable than Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and Random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Microsatellites are widely used technique for the determination of genetic diversity. This technique provides information about the classification and characterization of sheep breeds. However this technique cannot provides information on breed functional traits. On the basis of mtDNA analysis haplotypes groups differ in sequences by any extent of Ovis species. Haplotype A and B are two of most important haplotype groups. Haplotype A carries Asiatic mouflon (Ovis orientalis) while Haplotype B carries European mouflon (Ovis musimon). Actually Haplotype A and B are both found in Asia while Haplotype B only dominates in Europe so sheep descent from one or more Asiatic mouflon. Haplotype C also found in Turkey, Portugal, Caucasus and China while Haplotype D present in Karachai sheep from Caucasian. Haplotype E which is very rare and found only in Turkey.

Keywords

• Genetic markers
• mtDNA
• Microsatellites
• Haplogroups
• Relationship

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