Temperature Susceptibility and Rheological Aging Characteristics of the Bitumen Having Different Penetration Grades

Abstract

The performance of the asphalt pavement highly depends on the properties of the bitumen. Therefore, it is important to classify the bitumen’s characteristics in order to ensure the selected binder will provide the desired properties to the asphalt pavement. The Penetration grade, which categorizes the asphalt binder depending on the penetration value of the sample, is one of the most popular system for classification. Since the system considers the penetration value, the bituminous materials having different penetration grade is expected to have different physical, chemical and rheological properties. Within the scope of this study, four bitumen having different penetration grades as 50/70, 70/100, 150/200 and 160/220 were investigated by conventional and rheological analyses. The Penetration Index (PI) and the Rheological Aging Index (RAI) of the samples were calculated to evaluate the effects of penetration grade system on temperature susceptibility and rheological aging characteristics of the samples. As a result, the binders having lower penetration grades are found to be better in terms of rheological aging performance and temperature susceptibility. Furthermore, a very high correlation was found between RAI and PI values of the samples by statistical analysis.

Keywords

• Penetration Grade
• Temperature Susceptibility
• Penetration Index
• Rheological Aging Index

References

1. Bell CA. 1989. Summary report on aging of asphalt-aggregate systems. Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, 89(4), USA.
2. Cavalli MC, Zaumanis M, Mazza E, Partl MN, Poulikakos LD. 2018. Effect of ageing on the mechanical and chemical properties of binder from RAP treated with bio-based rejuvenators. Comp B Eng, 141: 174-181.
3. Celauro C, Saroufim E, Mistretta MC, La Mantia FP. 2020. Influence of short-term aging on mechanical properties and morphology of polymer-modified bitumen with recycled plastics from waste materials. Polymers, 12(9): 1985.
4. Gao J, Wang H, Liu C, Ge D, You Z, Yu M. 2020. High-temperature rheological behavior and fatigue performance of lignin modified asphalt binder. Constr Build Mater, 230: 117063.
5. Ferry JD. 1980. Viscoelastic properties of polymers. John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
6. Kaşak S, Orhan F, Eribol S, Güngör AG. 2004. Yeni Bitüm Standardı, 4. Ulusal Asfalt Sempozyumu, KGM, 405-413, Ankara, Turkey.
7. Keyf S. 2010. Investigation of penetration and penetration index in bitumen modified with sbs and reactive terpolymer. Sigma, 28: 26-34.
8. Kuloğlu N, Yılmaz M, Kök BV. 2008. Farklı penetrasyon derecelerine sahip asfalt çimentolarının kalıcı deformasyona karşı dayanımlarının ve işlenebilirliklerinin incelenmesi. Uludağ Univ J Faculty of Eng, 13(1): 81-91.

9. Liang M, Liang P, Fan W, Qian C, Xin X, Shi J, Nan G. 2015. Thermo-rheological behavior and compatibility of modified asphalt with various styrene–butadiene structures in SBS copolymers. Mater Design, 88: 177-185.
10. Oner J. 2019. Rheological characteristics of bitumens prepared with process oil. Građevinar, 71(07): 559-569.
11. Partal P, Martınez-Boza F, Conde B, Gallegos C. 1999. Rheological characterisation of synthetic binders and unmodified bitumens. Fuel, 78(1): 1-10.
12. Polacco G, Stastna J, Biondi D, Antonelli F, Vlachovicova Z, Zanzotto L. 2004. Rheology of asphalts modified with glycidylmethacrylate functionalized polymers. J Colloid Interf Sci, 280(2):, 366-373.
13. Polacco G, Vacin OJ, Biondi D, Stastna J, Zanzotto L. 2003. Dynamic master curves of polymer modified asphalt from three different geometries. Appl Rheol, 13(3): 118-124.
14. Poulikakos LD, Wang D, Porot L, Hofko B. 2019. Impact of asphalt aging temperature on chemo-mechanics. RSC advances, 9(21): 11602-11613.
15. Rahman R, Chowdhury S, Abdullah MD, Sarkar A, Sayeed R, Real MI. 2019. A Comparative study on properties of different grade bitumen used in the transportation projects in and around Dhaka city. Trends in Civil Eng Arch, 3(2): 2637-4668.
16. Redelius PG. 2006. The structure of asphaltenes in bitumen. Road Mater Pavement Des, 7(1): 143-162.
17. Redelius P, Soenen H. 2015. Relation between bitumen chemistry and performance. Fuel, 140: 34-43.
18. Romberg J, Nesmith S, Traxler R. 1959. Some Chemical Aspects of the Components of Asphalt. J Chem Eng Data, 4(2): 159-161.
19. Sağlik A, Öztürk E. 2014. Türkiye’de sathi kaplamalarda kullanilan bitümlerin performans siniflarinin belirlenmesi. Gazi Üniv Müh Mim Fak Derg, 29(4): 689-698.
20. Sarışın E, Yalçın E, Öner J. 2021. Hibrit polimerlerle modifiye edilmiş bitümlü bağlayıcıların reolojik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. J Fac of Eng & Arch of Gazi Univ, 36(1): 201-212.
21. Salomon D, Zhai H. 2004. Asphalt binder flow activation energy and its significance for compaction effort. In Proceedings of 3rd Euroasphalt & Eurobitume Congress, pp. 1754-1762, 12-14 May 2004, Vienna, Austria.
22. Traxler R. 1936. The physical chemistry of asphaltic bitumen. Chem Rev, 19(2): 119-143.
23. Traxler R, Coombs C. 1936. The colloidal nature of asphalt as shown by its flow properties. J Phys Chem, 40(9): 1133-1147.
24. Yang Z, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Zou B, Zhu Z, Lu G, Yu H. 2018. Effect of aging on chemical and rheological properties of bitumen. Polymers, 10(12): 1345.
25. Zhang H, Chen Z, Xu G, Shi C. 2018. Evaluation of aging behaviors of asphalt binders through different rheological indices. Fuel, 221: 78-88.