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Investigation of Te doped ZnO synthesized by Sol-Gel technique

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 28 - 34, 01.01.2018

Eyüp Fahri Keskenler , Güven Turgut Mustafa Furkan Keskenler

Abstract

In this study, structural, morphological and optical properties of Te doped ZnO thin films prepared by sol-gel spin coating method were investigated. It was observed that the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO for all samples and cubic zinc blende structure of ZnTe for 3 and 5 % at. Te doped ZnO films. The obtained films exhibited wurtzite (002) preferential growth in all the dopant ratios. Grain size values calculated from Scherrer’s formula of the films were varied in range of 107-188 nm. The band gap energy values were determined as 3.352, 3.292, 3.272, 3.248, 3.156 eV, respectively for undoped ZnO, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5% at. Te doped ZnO samples. Also, Urbach energy values of samples were found to be 2.07, 1.72, 1.34, 1.32, 0.97 eV for undoped ZnO, 1, 2, 3 and 5 at. % Te doped ZnO, respectively.

Keywords

ZnO Te Sol-Gel Urbach Rule Steepness Parameters

References

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  • Biswal R R, Velumani S, Babu B J, Maldonado A, Tirado-Guerra S, Castaneda L, Olvera M D l L. 2010. Fluorine doped zinc oxide thin films deposited by chemical spray, starting from zinc pentanedionate and hydrofluoric acid: Effect of the aging time of the solution. Mat Sci Eng B, 174: 46-49.
  • Bowen A, Li J, Lewis J, Sivaramakrishnan K, Alford T L, Iyer S. 2011. The properties of radio frequency sputtered transparent and conducting ZnO: F films on polyethylene naphthalate substrate. Thin Solid Films, 519: 1809.
  • Chakraborty A, Mondal T, Bera S K, Sen S K, Ghosh R, Paul G K. 2008. Effects of aluminum and indium incorporation on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique. Mat Chem Phy, 112: 162.
  • Chen K J, Hung F Y, Chang S J, Hu Z S. 2009. Microstructures, optical and electrical properties of In-doped ZnO thin films prepared by sol–gel method. Appl Surf Sci, 255: 6308.
  • Chouikh F, Beggah Y, Aida M S. 2011. Optical and electrical properties of Bi doped ZnO thin films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron, 22: 499-505.
  • Denton A R, Ashcroft N W. 1991. Vegard’s law. Physical Review A, 43: 3161-3164.
  • Ghodsi F E, Absalan H. 2010. Comparative Study of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Different Sol-Gel Route. Acta Phy Polonica A, 118: 659-664.
  • Ilıcan S, Caglar Y, Caglar M. 2008. Preparation and characterization of ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel spin coating method. J Optoelect Adv Mat, 10: 2578-2583.
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  • Iribarren A, Fernández P, Piqueras J. 2008b. Cathodoluminescence study of Te-doped ZnO microstructures grown by a vapour–solid process. J Mater Sci, 43: 2844-2848.
  • Iribarren A, Fernández P, Piqueras J. 2009a. Influence of defects on cathodoluminescence along ZnTexO1-x–ZnO microstructures grown by the vapour-solid technique. Rev Cub Física, 26: 116-119.
  • Iribarren A, Fernández P, Piqueras J. 2009b. TeO2-doped ZnO micro and nanostructures grown by the vapour–solid technique. Rev Cub Física, 26: 42-46.
  • Jiang M, Liu X, Wang H. 2009. Optical emission spectra of Zn and Bi in pulsed magnetron plasma. Surf Coat Tech, 203: 3750-3753.
  • Karthikeyan B, Sandeep C S S, Philip R, Baesso M L. 2009. Study of optical properties and effective three-photon absorption in Bi-doped ZnO nanoparticles. J Appl Phys, 106: 114304 -114305.
  • Lee J H, Ko K H, Park B O. 2003. Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnO Transparent Conducting Films by the Sol–Gel Method. J Cryst Growth, 247: 119-125.
  • Lee J. W, Subramaniam N G, Lee J C S, Kang T W. 2011. Study of stable p-type conductivity in bismuth-doped ZnO films grown by pulsed-laser deposition. A letters J Explor Front Phys (EPL), 95: 47002.
  • Maksimov O. 2010. Recent advances and novel approaches of p-type doping of zinc oxide. Rev Adv Mater Sci, 24: 26-34.
  • Merita S, Krämer T, Mogwitz B, Franz B, Polity A, Meyer B K. 2004. Oxygen in sputter-deposited ZnTe thin films. Phys Stat Sol (c), 3: 960-963.
  • Meulenkamp E A. 1999. Electron Transport in Nanoparticulate ZnO Films. J Phys Chem B, 103: 7931.
  • Pan H L, Yao B, Ding M, Deng R, Yang T, Sui Y R, Gao L L. 2010. Characterization and properties of Zn–O–Se ternary system thin films deposited by radio-frequency (rf)-magnetron sputtering. J Non-Cryst Sol, 356: 906-910.
  • Park S, Minegishi T, Oh D, Lee H, Taishi T, Park J, Yao T. 2010. High-Quality p-Type ZnO Films Grown by Co-Doping of N and Te on Zn-Face ZnO Substrates. Appl Phys Expr, 3: 031103.
  • Park S H, Minegishi T, Lee H J, Park J S, Im I H, Yao T, Chang J H. 2010. Investigation of the crystallinity of N and Te codoped Zn-polar ZnO films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. J Appl Phys, 108: 093518
  • Pawar B N, Ham D H, Mane R S, Ganesh T, Cho B W, Han S H. 2008. Fluorine-doped zinc oxide transparent and conducting electrode by chemical spray synthesis. Appl Surf Sci, 254: 6294-6297.
  • Porter H L, Muth J F. 2006. Photoluminescence study of ZnO films codoped with nitrogen and tellurium. J Appl Phys, 100: 123102.
  • Ravichandran K, Muruganantham G, Sakthivel B. 2009. Highly fabricated using a low-cost and simplified spray technique. Physica B, 404: 4299-4302.
  • Roknabadi M R, Behdani M, Arabshahi H, Hodeini N. 2009. Influence of hydrogen plasma on properties of transparent PEDT/PSS thin films. Int Rev Phy, 12: 153-157.
  • Sagar P, Kumar M, Mehra R M. 2005. Electrical and optical properties of sol-gel derived ZnO:Al thin films. Mater Sci-Poland, 23: 685-696.
  • Sanchez-Juarez A, Tiburcio-Silver A, Ortizc A, Zironi E P, Rickards J. 1998. Electrical and optical properties of fluorine-doped ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. Thin Solid Films, 333: 196-202.
  • Sargolzaei M, Lotfizadeh N, Hayn R. 2011. First principles study on magnetic properties of Zn vacancies in ZnO doped with single chalcogen X (X= S, Se, and Te). J Appl Phys, 109: 073705.
  • Scherrer P, Nachrichten G. 1918. Effect of Carbon Fillers in Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Matrix Prepared by Twin-Screw Extrusion. Math Phys, 2: 98-100.
  • Serin T, Serin N, Karadeniz S, Sarı H, Tuğluoğlu N, Pakma O. 2006. Electrical, structural and optical properties of SnO2 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. J Non-Cryst Sol, 352: 209–215.
  • Tang K, Gu S, Wu K, Zhu S, Ye J, Zhang R, Zheng Y. 2010. Tellurium assisted realization of p-type N-doped ZnO. Appl Phys Lett, 96: 242101.
  • Tauc J, Grigorovici R, Vancu A. 1966. Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium. Phys Status Solidi (b), 15: 627-637.
  • Tilley R J D. 2006. Crystal and Crystal structures. Wiley, London, UK.
  • Wenckstern H V, Schmidt H, Brandt M, Lajn A, Pickenhain R, Lorenz M, Jug K. 2009. Anionic and cationic substitution in ZnO. Prog Sol State Chem, 37: 153-172.

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 28 - 34, 01.01.2018

Eyüp Fahri Keskenler , Güven Turgut Mustafa Furkan Keskenler

Abstract

References

  • Anonim 1994. FORTRAN Subroutines for Mathematical Applications. IMSL MATH/LIBRARY. Vol.1-2, Houston: Visual Numerics, Inc.
  • Biswal R R, Velumani S, Babu B J, Maldonado A, Tirado-Guerra S, Castaneda L, Olvera M D l L. 2010. Fluorine doped zinc oxide thin films deposited by chemical spray, starting from zinc pentanedionate and hydrofluoric acid: Effect of the aging time of the solution. Mat Sci Eng B, 174: 46-49.
  • Bowen A, Li J, Lewis J, Sivaramakrishnan K, Alford T L, Iyer S. 2011. The properties of radio frequency sputtered transparent and conducting ZnO: F films on polyethylene naphthalate substrate. Thin Solid Films, 519: 1809.
  • Chakraborty A, Mondal T, Bera S K, Sen S K, Ghosh R, Paul G K. 2008. Effects of aluminum and indium incorporation on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis technique. Mat Chem Phy, 112: 162.
  • Chen K J, Hung F Y, Chang S J, Hu Z S. 2009. Microstructures, optical and electrical properties of In-doped ZnO thin films prepared by sol–gel method. Appl Surf Sci, 255: 6308.
  • Chouikh F, Beggah Y, Aida M S. 2011. Optical and electrical properties of Bi doped ZnO thin films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron, 22: 499-505.
  • Denton A R, Ashcroft N W. 1991. Vegard’s law. Physical Review A, 43: 3161-3164.
  • Ghodsi F E, Absalan H. 2010. Comparative Study of ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Different Sol-Gel Route. Acta Phy Polonica A, 118: 659-664.
  • Ilıcan S, Caglar Y, Caglar M. 2008. Preparation and characterization of ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel spin coating method. J Optoelect Adv Mat, 10: 2578-2583.
  • Iribarren A, Fernández P, Piqueras J. 2008a. Cathodoluminescence characterization of ZnO:Te microstructures obtained with ZnTe and TeO2 doping precursors. Superlattices and Microstructures, 43: 600-604.
  • Iribarren A, Fernández P, Piqueras J. 2008b. Cathodoluminescence study of Te-doped ZnO microstructures grown by a vapour–solid process. J Mater Sci, 43: 2844-2848.
  • Iribarren A, Fernández P, Piqueras J. 2009a. Influence of defects on cathodoluminescence along ZnTexO1-x–ZnO microstructures grown by the vapour-solid technique. Rev Cub Física, 26: 116-119.
  • Iribarren A, Fernández P, Piqueras J. 2009b. TeO2-doped ZnO micro and nanostructures grown by the vapour–solid technique. Rev Cub Física, 26: 42-46.
  • Jiang M, Liu X, Wang H. 2009. Optical emission spectra of Zn and Bi in pulsed magnetron plasma. Surf Coat Tech, 203: 3750-3753.
  • Karthikeyan B, Sandeep C S S, Philip R, Baesso M L. 2009. Study of optical properties and effective three-photon absorption in Bi-doped ZnO nanoparticles. J Appl Phys, 106: 114304 -114305.
  • Lee J H, Ko K H, Park B O. 2003. Electrical and Optical Properties of ZnO Transparent Conducting Films by the Sol–Gel Method. J Cryst Growth, 247: 119-125.
  • Lee J. W, Subramaniam N G, Lee J C S, Kang T W. 2011. Study of stable p-type conductivity in bismuth-doped ZnO films grown by pulsed-laser deposition. A letters J Explor Front Phys (EPL), 95: 47002.
  • Maksimov O. 2010. Recent advances and novel approaches of p-type doping of zinc oxide. Rev Adv Mater Sci, 24: 26-34.
  • Merita S, Krämer T, Mogwitz B, Franz B, Polity A, Meyer B K. 2004. Oxygen in sputter-deposited ZnTe thin films. Phys Stat Sol (c), 3: 960-963.
  • Meulenkamp E A. 1999. Electron Transport in Nanoparticulate ZnO Films. J Phys Chem B, 103: 7931.
  • Pan H L, Yao B, Ding M, Deng R, Yang T, Sui Y R, Gao L L. 2010. Characterization and properties of Zn–O–Se ternary system thin films deposited by radio-frequency (rf)-magnetron sputtering. J Non-Cryst Sol, 356: 906-910.
  • Park S, Minegishi T, Oh D, Lee H, Taishi T, Park J, Yao T. 2010. High-Quality p-Type ZnO Films Grown by Co-Doping of N and Te on Zn-Face ZnO Substrates. Appl Phys Expr, 3: 031103.
  • Park S H, Minegishi T, Lee H J, Park J S, Im I H, Yao T, Chang J H. 2010. Investigation of the crystallinity of N and Te codoped Zn-polar ZnO films grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. J Appl Phys, 108: 093518
  • Pawar B N, Ham D H, Mane R S, Ganesh T, Cho B W, Han S H. 2008. Fluorine-doped zinc oxide transparent and conducting electrode by chemical spray synthesis. Appl Surf Sci, 254: 6294-6297.
  • Porter H L, Muth J F. 2006. Photoluminescence study of ZnO films codoped with nitrogen and tellurium. J Appl Phys, 100: 123102.
  • Ravichandran K, Muruganantham G, Sakthivel B. 2009. Highly fabricated using a low-cost and simplified spray technique. Physica B, 404: 4299-4302.
  • Roknabadi M R, Behdani M, Arabshahi H, Hodeini N. 2009. Influence of hydrogen plasma on properties of transparent PEDT/PSS thin films. Int Rev Phy, 12: 153-157.
  • Sagar P, Kumar M, Mehra R M. 2005. Electrical and optical properties of sol-gel derived ZnO:Al thin films. Mater Sci-Poland, 23: 685-696.
  • Sanchez-Juarez A, Tiburcio-Silver A, Ortizc A, Zironi E P, Rickards J. 1998. Electrical and optical properties of fluorine-doped ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. Thin Solid Films, 333: 196-202.
  • Sargolzaei M, Lotfizadeh N, Hayn R. 2011. First principles study on magnetic properties of Zn vacancies in ZnO doped with single chalcogen X (X= S, Se, and Te). J Appl Phys, 109: 073705.
  • Scherrer P, Nachrichten G. 1918. Effect of Carbon Fillers in Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Matrix Prepared by Twin-Screw Extrusion. Math Phys, 2: 98-100.
  • Serin T, Serin N, Karadeniz S, Sarı H, Tuğluoğlu N, Pakma O. 2006. Electrical, structural and optical properties of SnO2 thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis. J Non-Cryst Sol, 352: 209–215.
  • Tang K, Gu S, Wu K, Zhu S, Ye J, Zhang R, Zheng Y. 2010. Tellurium assisted realization of p-type N-doped ZnO. Appl Phys Lett, 96: 242101.
  • Tauc J, Grigorovici R, Vancu A. 1966. Optical Properties and Electronic Structure of Amorphous Germanium. Phys Status Solidi (b), 15: 627-637.
  • Tilley R J D. 2006. Crystal and Crystal structures. Wiley, London, UK.
  • Wenckstern H V, Schmidt H, Brandt M, Lajn A, Pickenhain R, Lorenz M, Jug K. 2009. Anionic and cationic substitution in ZnO. Prog Sol State Chem, 37: 153-172.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Eyüp Fahri Keskenler

Güven Turgut This is me

Mustafa Furkan Keskenler

Publication Date January 1, 2018
Submission Date December 19, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Keskenler, E. F., Turgut, G., & Keskenler, M. F. (2018). Investigation of Te doped ZnO synthesized by Sol-Gel technique. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(1), 28-34.
AMA Keskenler EF, Turgut G, Keskenler MF. Investigation of Te doped ZnO synthesized by Sol-Gel technique. BSJ Eng. Sci. January 2018;1(1):28-34.
Chicago Keskenler, Eyüp Fahri, Güven Turgut, and Mustafa Furkan Keskenler. “Investigation of Te Doped ZnO Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 1, no. 1 (January 2018): 28-34.
EndNote Keskenler EF, Turgut G, Keskenler MF (January 1, 2018) Investigation of Te doped ZnO synthesized by Sol-Gel technique. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 1 1 28–34.
IEEE E. F. Keskenler, G. Turgut, and M. F. Keskenler, “Investigation of Te doped ZnO synthesized by Sol-Gel technique”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 28–34, 2018.
ISNAD Keskenler, Eyüp Fahri et al. “Investigation of Te Doped ZnO Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 1/1 (January 2018), 28-34.
JAMA Keskenler EF, Turgut G, Keskenler MF. Investigation of Te doped ZnO synthesized by Sol-Gel technique. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2018;1:28–34.
MLA Keskenler, Eyüp Fahri et al. “Investigation of Te Doped ZnO Synthesized by Sol-Gel Technique”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 1, no. 1, 2018, pp. 28-34.
Vancouver Keskenler EF, Turgut G, Keskenler MF. Investigation of Te doped ZnO synthesized by Sol-Gel technique. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2018;1(1):28-34.
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