The Present of Scrapie and the Result of Breeding Program in Europe and Cyprus

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 33 - 38, 01.01.2019

Meryem Betmezoğlu Dilek Arsoy

Abstract

Scrapie
is a fatal neuro-degenerative disease of sheep and goats belongs to the group
of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs). Classical scrapie resistance
and susceptibility are closely related to PrP Gene polymorphism (ARR, ARQ, VRQ,
and AHQ ARH) in sheep. The ARR / ARR genotype is the most resistant. Subsequent
annual testing campaigns among the animals at risk were done in Europe from
2001 to 2015 showed that the goat had at least 16 silent mutation of a specific
study of PrP distribution. In 2014, the test in sheep and goats carried out
under the frame work of the TSE monitoring programs in E.U showed that 1.015
out 325.530 sheep and 1.437 out of 127.016 goats turned out positive to classical
Scrapie. There are Scrapie cases reported in both south and north Cyprus.
Infected herds in Southern Cyprus represent 22.6% (2014) of total active sheep
and goat herds. It has been also known that there are Scrapie cases in Northern
Cyprus although there is no official data recorded. Some sheep breeds have the
highest ARR / ARR allele like Canadian Arcott with 39.3%, Dorset Down with
28.9%, and Polypay with 26.8%. Among the sheep breeds, the Chios has the
highest level of ARR allele with 38% in Turkey and 32.5% in North Cyprus while
the lowest level (5.9%) was seen in Awassi in Turkey. In the TSE eradication
program applied in Europe (2015): 1.When BSE cannot be excluded, all animals
> 18 months killed for destruction shall be tested for TSE.2. When TSE and
atypical Scrapie can be excluded, option A; Killing and complete destruction or
slaughter for human consumption (SHC) of all animals. Option B: Killing and
complete destruction of the susceptible animals only. Option C: No mandatory
killing and complete destruction of animals. In Europe, selected male animals
which have ARR / ARR gene are used in breeding program. As a result of the
breeding programs implemented in Europe; 1108 Scrapie cases reported in 2002
decreased to 685 in 2016.

Keywords

Scrapie, TSE, Ovine, Caprine, Europe, Cyprus

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