Research Article
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Open Data and Blockchain

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 253 - 264, 01.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1260456

Abstract

Open data is data that can be accessed, reused and distributed free of charge by any person/institution. It is critical that public institutions and organizations make their big data available to the public in order to increase the number and quality of scientific research. In this study, the issues of analyzing the data to be obtained using open data source and keeping it with the blockchain infrastructure are discussed. The study was carried out to collect and classify the road, structure, water, sewerage repair maintenance spatial data in the “Seffaf Ankara” portal, which was opened to the world in 2022 by the Ankara Metropolitan Municipality, and to report the data received from all parties in a safe way. At the same time, an infrastructure has been created for the data received from this platform to be structured for social media sharing and for sharing at specified intervals. This infrastructure was established using blockchain technology, thus ensuring the security of the system and preventing data manipulation. In addition to the healthy establishment of this structure, two alternative systems were obtained by using the features offered by two different infrastructure providers using both Ethereum and Hyperledger, so performance comparisons were made with the results obtained from these two different infrastructure providers. It has been experienced that Hyperledger has 6 times more capacity than Ethereum in terms of transaction capacity per second, and that Hyperledger allows transactions with 33% less latency than Ethereum. Comparative and concrete analyzes have been obtained for those who want to develop similar applications in the future.

References

  • ABB. 2022. Şeffaf Ankara. Ankara Büyüksehir Belediyesi. URL: https://seffaf.ankara.bel.tr/ (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Arikan NI. 2022. Kripto paraların dünya genelindeki hukuki durumuna ilişkin bir inceleme. Düzce İktisat Derg, 2(1): 1-9.
  • Celesti A, Maria F, Massimo V. 2019. A study on join operations in MongoDB preserving collections data models for future internet applications. Future Internet, 11(4): 1–17.
  • Commission, European. 2023. The official portal for European data. European Commission. URL: https://data.europa.eu/en/training/elearning/open-data-formats (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Dang TK, Thu AD. 2021. An Effective and elastic blockchain-based provenance preserving solution for the open data. Inter J Web Inform Systems, 17(5): 480–515.
  • Dannen C, 2017. Introducing Ethereum and Solidity: Foundations of cryptocurrency and blockchain programming for beginners. ıntroducing Ethereum and Solidity: Foundations of Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Programming for Beginners. Apress, Newyork, USA, 1st ed., pp: 185.
  • Fujihara A. 2020. Proposing a Blockchain-Based open data platform and its decentralized oracle. Adv Intel Systems Comput, 1035: 190–201.
  • Ganne E. 2018. World trade organization can blockchain revolutionize international trade? URL: https://www.tradefacilitation.org/what-we-have-learned/wto-can-blockchain-revolutionize-international-trade/ (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Hyperledger. 2023. Hyperledger projects. linux foundation. URL: https://www.hyperledger.org/projects (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Joseph, Bwalya Kelvin. 2019. Blockchain for Open Data – exploring conceptual underpinnings and practice. Pub Admin Inform Technol, 31: 161–175.
  • Khan MMR, Rezoana BA, Abu BS, Mahjabin RO. 2018. Study and observation of the variation of accuracies of KNN, SVM, LMNN, ENN algorithms on eleven different datasets from UCI machine learning repository. 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information and Communication Technology, iCEEiCT, 13-15 September, Virtually, pp: 124–129.
  • Marr B. 2023. How can small businesses use big data? Here Are 6 Practical Examples. Bernard Marr & Co. https://bernardmarr.com/how-can-small-businesses-use-big-data-here-are-6-practical-examples/ (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • McGinn D, McIlwraithD, Guo Y. 2018. Towards open data blockchain analytics: A bitcoin perspective. Royal Soc Open Sci, 5(8): 180298.
  • Nakamoto S. 2008. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Bitcoin: 9. URL: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Nowak MM, Dziób K, Ludwisiak L, Chmiel J. 2020. Mobile GIS applications for environmental field surveys: A state of the art. Glob Ecol Conserv, 23: e01089.
  • Panoho K. 2019. The age of analytics and the importance of data quality. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2019/10/01/the-age-of-analytics-and-the-importance-of-data-quality/?sh=672d0a8e5c3c (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Pfenninger, Stefan ve ark., 2017. The importance of open data and software: Is energy research lagging behind? Energy Policy, 101(2016): 211–215.
  • Shadbolt N. 2007. Government data : Lessons from Data.Gov.Uk. IEEE, 16–22.
  • Tavares B, Correia FF, Restivo A. 2020. Trusted data transformation with blockchain technology in open data. Adv Intel Systems Comput, 1004: 213–216.

Açık Veri ve Blokzincir

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 253 - 264, 01.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1260456

Abstract

Açık veri herhangi bir kişi/kurum tarafından ücretsiz olarak erişilebilecek, yeniden kullanılabilecek ve dağıtılabilecek veridir. Bilimsel araştırmaların sayısının ve kalitesinin artması için kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarının sahip olduğu büyük veriyi halka açık hale getirmesi kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada açık veri kaynağı kullanılarak elde edilecek verinin analiz edilmesi ve blokzincir altyapısı ile tutulması konuları ele alınmaktadır. Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesinin 2022 yılında dünyaya açmış olduğu Şeffaf Ankara portalinde yer alan yol, yapı, su kanalizasyon onarım bakım konumsal verilerinin toplanması, sınıflandırılması ve güvenli bir şekilde tüm taraflardan alınan verilerin raporlanması çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, bu platformdan alınan verilerin sosyal medya paylaşımları yapılabilmesi için yapılandırılmış bir hale getirilmesi, belirlenecek aralıklarla paylaşım yapılabilmesi altyapısı oluşturulmuştur. Bu altyapı blokzincir teknolojisi kullanılarak kurulmuş, böylelikle sistemin güvenliği ve veri manipülasyonunun önüne geçilmesi sağlanmıştır. Bu yapının sağlıklı bir şekilde kurulmasının yanında, hem Ethereum hem Hyperledger kullanılarak iki farklı altyapı sağlayıcısının sunmuş olduğu özellikler kullanılarak alternatif iki sistem elde edilmiş, böylelikle bu iki farklı altyapı sağlayıcısından elde edilen sonuçlar ile performans karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır. Hyperledger’ın saniyelik işlem kapasitesinde Ethereum’a göre 6 kat fazla kapasiteye sahip olduğu, yine Hyperledger’ın Ethereum’a göre %33 daha az gecikme süresi ile işlem yapılabilmesine imkân sağladığı deneyimlenmiştir. İleride benzer uygulama geliştirmek isteyenler için karşılaştırmalı, somut analizler elde edilmiştir.

References

  • ABB. 2022. Şeffaf Ankara. Ankara Büyüksehir Belediyesi. URL: https://seffaf.ankara.bel.tr/ (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Arikan NI. 2022. Kripto paraların dünya genelindeki hukuki durumuna ilişkin bir inceleme. Düzce İktisat Derg, 2(1): 1-9.
  • Celesti A, Maria F, Massimo V. 2019. A study on join operations in MongoDB preserving collections data models for future internet applications. Future Internet, 11(4): 1–17.
  • Commission, European. 2023. The official portal for European data. European Commission. URL: https://data.europa.eu/en/training/elearning/open-data-formats (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Dang TK, Thu AD. 2021. An Effective and elastic blockchain-based provenance preserving solution for the open data. Inter J Web Inform Systems, 17(5): 480–515.
  • Dannen C, 2017. Introducing Ethereum and Solidity: Foundations of cryptocurrency and blockchain programming for beginners. ıntroducing Ethereum and Solidity: Foundations of Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Programming for Beginners. Apress, Newyork, USA, 1st ed., pp: 185.
  • Fujihara A. 2020. Proposing a Blockchain-Based open data platform and its decentralized oracle. Adv Intel Systems Comput, 1035: 190–201.
  • Ganne E. 2018. World trade organization can blockchain revolutionize international trade? URL: https://www.tradefacilitation.org/what-we-have-learned/wto-can-blockchain-revolutionize-international-trade/ (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Hyperledger. 2023. Hyperledger projects. linux foundation. URL: https://www.hyperledger.org/projects (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Joseph, Bwalya Kelvin. 2019. Blockchain for Open Data – exploring conceptual underpinnings and practice. Pub Admin Inform Technol, 31: 161–175.
  • Khan MMR, Rezoana BA, Abu BS, Mahjabin RO. 2018. Study and observation of the variation of accuracies of KNN, SVM, LMNN, ENN algorithms on eleven different datasets from UCI machine learning repository. 4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information and Communication Technology, iCEEiCT, 13-15 September, Virtually, pp: 124–129.
  • Marr B. 2023. How can small businesses use big data? Here Are 6 Practical Examples. Bernard Marr & Co. https://bernardmarr.com/how-can-small-businesses-use-big-data-here-are-6-practical-examples/ (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • McGinn D, McIlwraithD, Guo Y. 2018. Towards open data blockchain analytics: A bitcoin perspective. Royal Soc Open Sci, 5(8): 180298.
  • Nakamoto S. 2008. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. Bitcoin: 9. URL: https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Nowak MM, Dziób K, Ludwisiak L, Chmiel J. 2020. Mobile GIS applications for environmental field surveys: A state of the art. Glob Ecol Conserv, 23: e01089.
  • Panoho K. 2019. The age of analytics and the importance of data quality. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2019/10/01/the-age-of-analytics-and-the-importance-of-data-quality/?sh=672d0a8e5c3c (erişim tarihi, 19 Şubat 2023).
  • Pfenninger, Stefan ve ark., 2017. The importance of open data and software: Is energy research lagging behind? Energy Policy, 101(2016): 211–215.
  • Shadbolt N. 2007. Government data : Lessons from Data.Gov.Uk. IEEE, 16–22.
  • Tavares B, Correia FF, Restivo A. 2020. Trusted data transformation with blockchain technology in open data. Adv Intel Systems Comput, 1004: 213–216.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Arif Furkan Mendi 0000-0002-0750-4012

Early Pub Date June 18, 2023
Publication Date July 1, 2023
Submission Date March 5, 2023
Acceptance Date May 18, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Mendi, A. F. (2023). Açık Veri ve Blokzincir. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 6(3), 253-264. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1260456
AMA Mendi AF. Açık Veri ve Blokzincir. BSJ Eng. Sci. July 2023;6(3):253-264. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1260456
Chicago Mendi, Arif Furkan. “Açık Veri Ve Blokzincir”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 6, no. 3 (July 2023): 253-64. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1260456.
EndNote Mendi AF (July 1, 2023) Açık Veri ve Blokzincir. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 6 3 253–264.
IEEE A. F. Mendi, “Açık Veri ve Blokzincir”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 253–264, 2023, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1260456.
ISNAD Mendi, Arif Furkan. “Açık Veri Ve Blokzincir”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 6/3 (July 2023), 253-264. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1260456.
JAMA Mendi AF. Açık Veri ve Blokzincir. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2023;6:253–264.
MLA Mendi, Arif Furkan. “Açık Veri Ve Blokzincir”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 6, no. 3, 2023, pp. 253-64, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1260456.
Vancouver Mendi AF. Açık Veri ve Blokzincir. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2023;6(3):253-64.

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