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Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 55 - 71, 15.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1244301

Abstract

Cities resembling living organisms are dynamic places that constantly change, either positively or negatively. Urban transformation is a multifaceted process with economic, social, and cultural impacts, and it should trigger socio-economic change and transformation in a positive direction. This interaction between the city and urban transformation has also been integrated with relevant laws regulating the transformation. Urban transformation, which is a complex process in itself, draws from various related processes that have been ongoing since the past. The aim of the study is to examine the factors that play a role in the change and transformation of cities, their historical development, and legal regulations by analyzing the subject through two urban transformation examples in Ankara. In this context, Altındağ, which is the first region where gecekondu settlements began in Türkiye and the North Ankara Entrance Urban Transformation Projects, which marked the first urban transformation initiated by a law, were examined.

Project Number

none

References

  • Akın E. 2007. Kentsel gelişme ve kentsel rantlar: Ankara örneği. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 292.
  • Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi. 2014. Kuzey Ankara kentsel dönüşüm projesi raporu. Kentsel Dönüşüm Şube Müdürlüğü, ss: 125.
  • Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (Metropolitan Ankara) 2005-2007-2009-2010-2015. Kuzey Ankara kentsel dönüşüm projesi uygulama raporları. Kentsel Dönüşüm Şube Müdürlüğü, ss: 125.
  • AMM Anual Reports. 2018. Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi Faaliyet Raporu. Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi. Kentsel Dönüşüm Şube Müdürlüğü, ss: 125.
  • Aydın AH, Çamur Ö. 2016. Kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında başarılı dünya örnekleri: Danbara, Solidere, Rio de Janeiro. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniv İktisad İdari Bilim Fak Derg, 6(1): 53-68.
  • Bahçe, S., & Köse, A. H. (2016). Financialisation/borrowing circle as a solution to an unpleasant conundrum: Observations from the mature neoliberalism in Turkey. Research and Policy on Turkey, 1(1), 63-74.
  • Barredo JI, Demicheli L. 2003. Urban sustainability in developing countries’ megacities: modelling and predicting future urban growth in Lagos. Cities, 20(5): 297-310.
  • Batuman B. 2013. City profile: Ankara. Cities, 31: 578-590.
  • Bauman Z. 2002. Modernità liquida. Robinson / Letture, Bari-Roma, Italy, pp: 310.
  • Bayat A. 2012. Politics in the city‐inside‐out. City Soc, 24(2): 110-128.
  • Beatley T, Wheeler SM. 2004. The sustainable urban development reader. Routledge, London UK, pp: 540.
  • Bektaş Y, Yücel C. 2013. Ankara-Altındağ tepesi gecekondu bölgesi’nde mekânsal ayrışmanın gözlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Megaron, 8(2): 115-129.
  • Bektaş Y, Türkün A. 2017. mixed income housing strategy in urban transformation and Türkiye-specific dynamics: Ankara Altındağ-Gültepe case. Megaron, 11(2): 263-279.
  • Bostanoğlu Ö. 2008. Ankara-İstanbul başkentlik çekişmesi: Cumhuriyet Ankara'sından Gökçek Ankara'sına. Mülkiye Derg, 32(261): 89-117.
  • Burçin Ü. 2020. Kentsel ekoloji üzerinden estetik tasarılar ve kuzey ankara örneklemi. Sanat Tasarım Derg, 25: 323-339.
  • Caro RA. 1975. The power broker: Robert Moses and the fall of New York. Vintage Books, New York, USA, pp: 1344,
  • Cengiz E. 2022. Meclis tutanaklarında imar affı tartışmaları. J Inter Sci Res, 7: 66-81.
  • Cesareo V, Vaccarini I. 2006. La libertà sorumlu. Soggettività e mutamento sosyale Milano. Vita e Pensiero, Milano, Italy, pp: 360.
  • Cohen B. 2004. Urban growth in developing countries: a review of current trends and a caution regarding existing forecasts. World Develop, 32(1): 23-51.
  • Çalışkan, O. (2010). Urban Gateway: Just a Symbol, or More?(Reappraising an Old Idea in the Case of Ankara). Journal of Urban Design, 15(1), 91-122.
  • Ertaş M. 2011. Kentsel dönüşüm çalışmalarında sosyal boyutun incelenmesi Ankara ve Londra örnekleri. Selcuk Univ J Engin Sci, 10(1): 1-18.
  • Fainstein SS. 2014. The just city. Inter J Urban Sci, 18(1): 1-18.
  • Fawcett P. 2016. The routledge handbook of planning for health and well-being: shaping a sustainable and healthy future. Town Planning Rev, 87(6): 736-739.
  • Florida R. 2002. The rise of the creative class. Basic Books, New York, USA, pp: 512.
  • Gehl J. 2010. Cities for people. Island Press, Washington, USA, pp: 285.
  • Genç FN. 2008. Türkiye’de kentsel dönüşüm: Mevzuat ve uygulamaların genel görünümü. Yönetim Ekon Derg, 15(1): 115-130.
  • Genç FN. 2014. Gecekonduyla mücadeleden kentsel dönüşüme Türkiye’de kentleşme politikaları. Adnan Menderes Üniv Sosyal Bilim Enstit Derg, 1(1): 15-30.
  • Glaeser EL. 2011. Triumph of the City: How our greatest invention makes us richer smarter greener healthier and happier. Penguin Books, London, UK, pp: 368.
  • Gopakumar G. 2015. Intrusiveness of urban renewal in India: JNNURM as a development fix Canadian. J Develop Stud, 36(1): 89-106.
  • Gün A, Pak B, Demir Y. 2021. Responding to the urban transformation challenges in Türkiye: a participatory design model for Istanbul. Inter J Urban Sustain Develop, 13(1): 32-55.
  • Habertürk. 2017. Mehmet Özhaseki: Yeni yasanın eli kulağında 7.5 milyon bina yenilenecek [The minister of environment and urbanization: 75 million housing unit will be rebuilt]. URL: https://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1600758-mehmet-ozhaseki-den-haberturk-tv-ye-aciklamalar# (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • Hannerz U. 2001. Esplore la città. Antropologia della vita urbana Bologna. Il Mulino, Bologna, Italy, pp: 554.
  • Hoch C, Dalton LC, So FS. 2000. The practice of local government planning. Intl City County Management Assn, Washington, USA, pp: 496.
  • Hurriyet. 2018. Yılda 500 bin konut yeniden üretilecek. 500000 housing unit will be reconstructed a year. URL: http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/yilda-500-bin-konut-yeniden-uretilecek-40840334 (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • İnce E K. 2006. Kentsel dönüşümde yeni politika yasa ve eğilimlerin değerlendirilmesi “Kuzey Ankara girişi protokol yolu. Kentsel dönüşüm projesi”. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 213.
  • Jacobs J. 2011. The death and life of great American cities. Modern Library, New York, USA, pp: 640.
  • Jain M. 2018. The effect of distance on urban transformation in the Capital Region India. Inter Planning Stud, 23(1): 37-50.
  • Jessop B. 2016. The heartlands of neoliberalism and the rise of the Austerity state. In Springer S, Birch K, ‎MacLeavy J editors. The handbook of neoliberalism. Routledge, London, UK, pp: 410–421.
  • Khan D, Karak A. 2018. Urban development by dispossession: planetary urbanization and primitive accumulation. Studies Polit Econ, 99(3): 307-330.
  • Klink J, Denaldi R. 2014. On financialization and state spatial fixes in Brazil. A geographical and historical interpretation of the housing program My House My Life. Habitat Inter, 44: 220-226.
  • Koolhaas R. 1997. Delirious New York: A retroactive manifesto for Manhattan. The Monacelli Press, New York, USA, pp: 320.
  • Kombe WJ. 2005. Land use dynamics in peri-urban areas and their implications on the urban growth and form: the case of Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Habitat Inter, 29(1): 113-135.
  • Lai KP, Daniels JA. 2015. Banking on finance in Singapore: The state-led financialization of banking firms. GPN Working Paper Series, Global Production Networks Centre Singapore, URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/9781119051374.ch9 (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • Le Corbusier. 1923. Towards a new architecture. Dover Publications, London, UK, pp: 413.
  • LeGates RT, Stout F. 2011. The city reader. Routledge, London, UK, pp: 110-114.
  • Leigh NG, Blakely EJ. 2016. Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. New York, USA, pp: 446.
  • Lerner J. 2014. Urban acupuncture. Island Press, Washington, USA, pp: 160.
  • Leon JK. 2021. The global governance of housing: 1945–2016. Planning Perspectiv, 36(3): 475-494.
  • Mazzette A. 2006. L'urbanità delle donne. Creare faticare altro. FrancoAngeli, Milano, Italy, pp: 280.
  • Mitchell T. 1999. Dreamland: The neoliberalism of your desires. Middle East Report, 29(1; ISSU 210): 28-33.
  • Monceri F. 2004. Il pensiero uyumsuz. Sulla creatività del filosofo. Elitler, 4: 38-49.
  • Moughtin C. 2007. Urban design: street and square. Routledge, London, UK, pp: 314.
  • Nancy JL. 2002. La città lontana. Ombre Corte, Verona, Italy, pp: 75.
  • NCRPB. 2013. National Capital Region Planning Board. Draft Revised Regional Plan 2021: National Capital Territory. URL: https://ncrpb.nic.in/policies_strategies.html (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • Official Gazette. 2012. The law regarding transformation of areas under disaster risks. URL: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/05/20120531-1.htm (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • Olujimi J. 2009. Evolving a planning strategy for managing urban sprawl in Nigeria. J Human Ecol, 25(3): 201- 208.
  • Oosterbaan C, Arku G, Asiedu AB. 2012. Conversion of Residential Units to Commercial Spaces in Accra Ghana: A Policy Dilemma. Inter Plan Stud, 17(1): 45-66.
  • Özel N, Kılıçaslan H. 2021. Creative drama in the context of urbanization and urban planning from past to present. 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities, July 09-11, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 44-56.
  • Pereira A. L. D. S. 2017. Financialization of housing in Brazil: New frontiers. Inter J Urban Regional Res, 41(4): 604-622.
  • Peñalosa E. 2012. Walkable city: how downtown can save America one step at a time. Farrar Straus and Giroux, New York, USA, pp: 320.
  • Poyraz E. 2021. Kentsel dönüşümün yarattığı ekonomik sonuçlar: Kuzey Ankara girişi kentsel dönüşüm projesi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 162.
  • Ratcliffe J, Stubbs M, Keeping M. 2021. Urban planning and real estate development. Routledge, London, UK p: 543.
  • Roberts P, Sykes H. 1999. Urban regeneration: a handbook. Sage, New York, USA, pp: 257.
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Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 55 - 71, 15.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1244301

Abstract

Cities resembling living organisms are dynamic places that constantly change, either positively or negatively. Urban transformation is a multifaceted process with economic, social, and cultural impacts, and it should trigger socio-economic change and transformation in a positive direction. This interaction between the city and urban transformation has also been integrated with relevant laws regulating the transformation. Urban transformation, which is a complex process in itself, draws from various related processes that have been ongoing since the past. The aim of the study is to examine the factors that play a role in the change and transformation of cities, their historical development, and legal regulations by analyzing the subject through two urban transformation examples in Ankara. In this context, Altındağ, which is the first region where gecekondu settlements began in Türkiye and the North Ankara Entrance Urban Transformation Projects, which marked the first urban transformation initiated by a law, were examined.

Supporting Institution

none

Project Number

none

Thanks

none

References

  • Akın E. 2007. Kentsel gelişme ve kentsel rantlar: Ankara örneği. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 292.
  • Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi. 2014. Kuzey Ankara kentsel dönüşüm projesi raporu. Kentsel Dönüşüm Şube Müdürlüğü, ss: 125.
  • Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi. (Metropolitan Ankara) 2005-2007-2009-2010-2015. Kuzey Ankara kentsel dönüşüm projesi uygulama raporları. Kentsel Dönüşüm Şube Müdürlüğü, ss: 125.
  • AMM Anual Reports. 2018. Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi Faaliyet Raporu. Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi. Kentsel Dönüşüm Şube Müdürlüğü, ss: 125.
  • Aydın AH, Çamur Ö. 2016. Kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarında başarılı dünya örnekleri: Danbara, Solidere, Rio de Janeiro. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniv İktisad İdari Bilim Fak Derg, 6(1): 53-68.
  • Bahçe, S., & Köse, A. H. (2016). Financialisation/borrowing circle as a solution to an unpleasant conundrum: Observations from the mature neoliberalism in Turkey. Research and Policy on Turkey, 1(1), 63-74.
  • Barredo JI, Demicheli L. 2003. Urban sustainability in developing countries’ megacities: modelling and predicting future urban growth in Lagos. Cities, 20(5): 297-310.
  • Batuman B. 2013. City profile: Ankara. Cities, 31: 578-590.
  • Bauman Z. 2002. Modernità liquida. Robinson / Letture, Bari-Roma, Italy, pp: 310.
  • Bayat A. 2012. Politics in the city‐inside‐out. City Soc, 24(2): 110-128.
  • Beatley T, Wheeler SM. 2004. The sustainable urban development reader. Routledge, London UK, pp: 540.
  • Bektaş Y, Yücel C. 2013. Ankara-Altındağ tepesi gecekondu bölgesi’nde mekânsal ayrışmanın gözlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Megaron, 8(2): 115-129.
  • Bektaş Y, Türkün A. 2017. mixed income housing strategy in urban transformation and Türkiye-specific dynamics: Ankara Altındağ-Gültepe case. Megaron, 11(2): 263-279.
  • Bostanoğlu Ö. 2008. Ankara-İstanbul başkentlik çekişmesi: Cumhuriyet Ankara'sından Gökçek Ankara'sına. Mülkiye Derg, 32(261): 89-117.
  • Burçin Ü. 2020. Kentsel ekoloji üzerinden estetik tasarılar ve kuzey ankara örneklemi. Sanat Tasarım Derg, 25: 323-339.
  • Caro RA. 1975. The power broker: Robert Moses and the fall of New York. Vintage Books, New York, USA, pp: 1344,
  • Cengiz E. 2022. Meclis tutanaklarında imar affı tartışmaları. J Inter Sci Res, 7: 66-81.
  • Cesareo V, Vaccarini I. 2006. La libertà sorumlu. Soggettività e mutamento sosyale Milano. Vita e Pensiero, Milano, Italy, pp: 360.
  • Cohen B. 2004. Urban growth in developing countries: a review of current trends and a caution regarding existing forecasts. World Develop, 32(1): 23-51.
  • Çalışkan, O. (2010). Urban Gateway: Just a Symbol, or More?(Reappraising an Old Idea in the Case of Ankara). Journal of Urban Design, 15(1), 91-122.
  • Ertaş M. 2011. Kentsel dönüşüm çalışmalarında sosyal boyutun incelenmesi Ankara ve Londra örnekleri. Selcuk Univ J Engin Sci, 10(1): 1-18.
  • Fainstein SS. 2014. The just city. Inter J Urban Sci, 18(1): 1-18.
  • Fawcett P. 2016. The routledge handbook of planning for health and well-being: shaping a sustainable and healthy future. Town Planning Rev, 87(6): 736-739.
  • Florida R. 2002. The rise of the creative class. Basic Books, New York, USA, pp: 512.
  • Gehl J. 2010. Cities for people. Island Press, Washington, USA, pp: 285.
  • Genç FN. 2008. Türkiye’de kentsel dönüşüm: Mevzuat ve uygulamaların genel görünümü. Yönetim Ekon Derg, 15(1): 115-130.
  • Genç FN. 2014. Gecekonduyla mücadeleden kentsel dönüşüme Türkiye’de kentleşme politikaları. Adnan Menderes Üniv Sosyal Bilim Enstit Derg, 1(1): 15-30.
  • Glaeser EL. 2011. Triumph of the City: How our greatest invention makes us richer smarter greener healthier and happier. Penguin Books, London, UK, pp: 368.
  • Gopakumar G. 2015. Intrusiveness of urban renewal in India: JNNURM as a development fix Canadian. J Develop Stud, 36(1): 89-106.
  • Gün A, Pak B, Demir Y. 2021. Responding to the urban transformation challenges in Türkiye: a participatory design model for Istanbul. Inter J Urban Sustain Develop, 13(1): 32-55.
  • Habertürk. 2017. Mehmet Özhaseki: Yeni yasanın eli kulağında 7.5 milyon bina yenilenecek [The minister of environment and urbanization: 75 million housing unit will be rebuilt]. URL: https://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1600758-mehmet-ozhaseki-den-haberturk-tv-ye-aciklamalar# (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • Hannerz U. 2001. Esplore la città. Antropologia della vita urbana Bologna. Il Mulino, Bologna, Italy, pp: 554.
  • Hoch C, Dalton LC, So FS. 2000. The practice of local government planning. Intl City County Management Assn, Washington, USA, pp: 496.
  • Hurriyet. 2018. Yılda 500 bin konut yeniden üretilecek. 500000 housing unit will be reconstructed a year. URL: http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/yilda-500-bin-konut-yeniden-uretilecek-40840334 (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • İnce E K. 2006. Kentsel dönüşümde yeni politika yasa ve eğilimlerin değerlendirilmesi “Kuzey Ankara girişi protokol yolu. Kentsel dönüşüm projesi”. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 213.
  • Jacobs J. 2011. The death and life of great American cities. Modern Library, New York, USA, pp: 640.
  • Jain M. 2018. The effect of distance on urban transformation in the Capital Region India. Inter Planning Stud, 23(1): 37-50.
  • Jessop B. 2016. The heartlands of neoliberalism and the rise of the Austerity state. In Springer S, Birch K, ‎MacLeavy J editors. The handbook of neoliberalism. Routledge, London, UK, pp: 410–421.
  • Khan D, Karak A. 2018. Urban development by dispossession: planetary urbanization and primitive accumulation. Studies Polit Econ, 99(3): 307-330.
  • Klink J, Denaldi R. 2014. On financialization and state spatial fixes in Brazil. A geographical and historical interpretation of the housing program My House My Life. Habitat Inter, 44: 220-226.
  • Koolhaas R. 1997. Delirious New York: A retroactive manifesto for Manhattan. The Monacelli Press, New York, USA, pp: 320.
  • Kombe WJ. 2005. Land use dynamics in peri-urban areas and their implications on the urban growth and form: the case of Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Habitat Inter, 29(1): 113-135.
  • Lai KP, Daniels JA. 2015. Banking on finance in Singapore: The state-led financialization of banking firms. GPN Working Paper Series, Global Production Networks Centre Singapore, URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/9781119051374.ch9 (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • Le Corbusier. 1923. Towards a new architecture. Dover Publications, London, UK, pp: 413.
  • LeGates RT, Stout F. 2011. The city reader. Routledge, London, UK, pp: 110-114.
  • Leigh NG, Blakely EJ. 2016. Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. New York, USA, pp: 446.
  • Lerner J. 2014. Urban acupuncture. Island Press, Washington, USA, pp: 160.
  • Leon JK. 2021. The global governance of housing: 1945–2016. Planning Perspectiv, 36(3): 475-494.
  • Mazzette A. 2006. L'urbanità delle donne. Creare faticare altro. FrancoAngeli, Milano, Italy, pp: 280.
  • Mitchell T. 1999. Dreamland: The neoliberalism of your desires. Middle East Report, 29(1; ISSU 210): 28-33.
  • Monceri F. 2004. Il pensiero uyumsuz. Sulla creatività del filosofo. Elitler, 4: 38-49.
  • Moughtin C. 2007. Urban design: street and square. Routledge, London, UK, pp: 314.
  • Nancy JL. 2002. La città lontana. Ombre Corte, Verona, Italy, pp: 75.
  • NCRPB. 2013. National Capital Region Planning Board. Draft Revised Regional Plan 2021: National Capital Territory. URL: https://ncrpb.nic.in/policies_strategies.html (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • Official Gazette. 2012. The law regarding transformation of areas under disaster risks. URL: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/05/20120531-1.htm (accessed date: August 20, 2022).
  • Olujimi J. 2009. Evolving a planning strategy for managing urban sprawl in Nigeria. J Human Ecol, 25(3): 201- 208.
  • Oosterbaan C, Arku G, Asiedu AB. 2012. Conversion of Residential Units to Commercial Spaces in Accra Ghana: A Policy Dilemma. Inter Plan Stud, 17(1): 45-66.
  • Özel N, Kılıçaslan H. 2021. Creative drama in the context of urbanization and urban planning from past to present. 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities, July 09-11, Ankara, Türkiye, pp: 44-56.
  • Pereira A. L. D. S. 2017. Financialization of housing in Brazil: New frontiers. Inter J Urban Regional Res, 41(4): 604-622.
  • Peñalosa E. 2012. Walkable city: how downtown can save America one step at a time. Farrar Straus and Giroux, New York, USA, pp: 320.
  • Poyraz E. 2021. Kentsel dönüşümün yarattığı ekonomik sonuçlar: Kuzey Ankara girişi kentsel dönüşüm projesi. Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye, ss: 162.
  • Ratcliffe J, Stubbs M, Keeping M. 2021. Urban planning and real estate development. Routledge, London, UK p: 543.
  • Roberts P, Sykes H. 1999. Urban regeneration: a handbook. Sage, New York, USA, pp: 257.
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There are 84 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Varol Koç 0000-0003-4810-3845

Project Number none
Early Pub Date December 4, 2023
Publication Date January 15, 2024
Submission Date February 4, 2023
Acceptance Date November 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koç, V. (2024). Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(1), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1244301
AMA Koç V. Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye. BSJ Eng. Sci. January 2024;7(1):55-71. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1244301
Chicago Koç, Varol. “Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7, no. 1 (January 2024): 55-71. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1244301.
EndNote Koç V (January 1, 2024) Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7 1 55–71.
IEEE V. Koç, “Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 55–71, 2024, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1244301.
ISNAD Koç, Varol. “Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7/1 (January 2024), 55-71. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1244301.
JAMA Koç V. Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7:55–71.
MLA Koç, Varol. “Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 7, no. 1, 2024, pp. 55-71, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1244301.
Vancouver Koç V. Suggestions for Urban Transformation through Two Applications in Ankara, the Capital of Türkiye. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7(1):55-71.

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