Abstract
This study aimed to find the ideal parameters for shaping waste zirconia powders from dental laboratories using the slip-casting process. Additionally, the qualities of ceramic products created in this manner were evaluated using microstructural characterization and physical-mechanical tests. Various dental laboratories provided the waste CAD/CAM zirconia powder used in the investigation. Wastes in powder form were first calcined. Afterward, an attritor mill was used to grind the grain size until it was usable, following the completion of the grain size distribution analysis. Waste and commercial zirconia powders were combined using various dispersants to create slip-casting slurries. The rheological characteristics of these slurries were then ascertained. By evaluating the rheological properties of slip-casting slurries prepared in this way, the most suitable casting parameters were determined, and ceramic products were formed by slip-casting technique from the slurries to be prepared in accordance with these parameters. The shaped samples were dried and sintered at two different temperatures, 1400-1450°C, and samples were designed for physical, mechanical, and microstructural characterization. The pore percentages, bulk densities, and water absorption of the sintered samples, according to Archimedes’ principle, as well as their strengths, were determined by the three-point bending strength test. Phase analysis was performed with XRD (X-ray diffractometer) microstructure studies with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). It has been concluded that waste zirconia can be used in dental applications.
Supporting Institution
Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit
Project Number
17.KARİYER.186
References
- Agrafiotis C, Tsetsekou A, Leon I. 2000. Effect of slurry rheological properties on the coating of ceramic honeycombs with Yttria‐Stabilized‐Zirconia washcoats. J American Ceramic Soc, 83(5): 1033-1038.
- Christel P, Meunier A, Heller M, Torre J, Peille C. 1989. Mechanical properties and short‐term in vivo evaluation of yttrium‐oxide‐partially‐stabilized zirconia. J Biomed Mater Res, 23(1): 45-61.
- Denry I, Holloway JA. 2010. Ceramics for dental applications: a review. Materials, 3(1): 351-368.
- Denry I, Kelly JR. 2008. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dental Mater, 24(3): 299-307.
- Denry IL. 1996. Recent advances in ceramics for dentistry. Crit Rev Oral Biol Medic, 7(2): 134-143.
- Duraccio D, Mussano F, Faga MG. 2015. Biomaterials for dental implants: current and future trends. J Mater Sci, 50: 4779-4812.
- Garvie RC, Hannink R, Pascoe R. 1990. Ceramic steel? In Sintering Key Papers: Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp: 253-257.
- Gautam C, Joyner J, Gautam A, Rao J, Vajtai R. 2016. Zirconia based dental ceramics: structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and applications. Dalton Transact, 45(48): 19194-19215.
- Gouveia PF, Schabbach L, Souza J, Henriques B, Labrincha J, Silva F, Fredel M, Mesquita-Guimarães J. 2017. New perspectives for recycling dental zirconia waste resulting from CAD/CAM manufacturing process. J Clean Product, 152: 454-463.
- Greenwood R, Kendall K. 1999. Selection of suitable dispersants for aqueous suspensions of zirconia and titania powders using acoustophoresis. J European Ceramic Soc, 19(4): 79-488.
- Grigoriadou M. 2006. Fracture resistance of three-unit posterior zirconium dioxide fixed partial dentures: an in vitro study, Freiburg (Breisgau) Univ Diss, Freiburg, Germany, pp: 92.
- Guazzato M, Albakry M, Ringer SP, Swain MV. 2004. Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part II. Zirconia-based dental ceramics. Dental Mater, 20(5): 449-456.
- Jiang L, Liao Y, Wan Q, Li W. 2011. Effects of sintering temperature and particle size on the translucency of zirconium dioxide dental ceramic. J Mater Sci Mater Medic, 22: 2429-2435.
- Jin J, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N. 2004. Effect of test method on flexural strength of recent dental ceramics. Dental Mater, 23(4): 490-496.
- Kelly JR, Benetti P. 2011. Ceramic materials in dentistry: historical evolution and current practice. Australian Dental J, 56: 84-96.
- Kim WC, Lee JK. 2020. Effect of Powder Characteristics on Slip Casting Fabrication of Dental Zirconia Implants. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 20(9): 5385-5389.
- Madfa AA, Al-Sanabani FA, Al-Qudami NH, Al-Sanabani JS, Amran AG. 2014. Use of zirconia in dentistry: An overview. Open Biomater J, 5(1): 1-9.
- Mundhe K, Jain V, Pruthi G, Shah N. 2015. Clinical study to evaluate the wear of natural enamel antagonist to zirconia and metal ceramic crowns. J Prosthetic Dent, 114(3): 358-363.
- Piconi C, Maccauro G. 1999. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials, 20(1): 1-25.
- Pröbster L, Diehl J. 1992. Slip-casting alumina ceramics for crown and bridge restorations. Quintessence Int, 23(1): 25-31.
- Roulet JF, Schepker KL, Truco A, Schwarz HC, Rocha MG. 2021. Biaxial flexural strength, crystalline structure, and grain size of new commercially available zirconia-based ceramics for dental appliances produced using a new slip-casting method. J Mechan Behav Biomed Mater, 114: 104180.
- Schultz M, Burckhardt W. 1993. The isoelectric point of pure and doped zirconia in relation to the preparation route. Solid State Ionics, 63: 18-24.
- Shen J. 2013. Advanced ceramics for dentistry. Butterworth-Heinemann, Waltham, US, pp: 391.
- Shenoy A, Shenoy N. 2010. Dental ceramics: An update. J Conserv Dent, 13(4): 195.
- Singh BP, Bhattacharjee S, Besra L, Sengupta DK. 2004. Evaluation of dispersibility of aqueous alumina suspension in presence of Darvan C. Ceramics Int, 30(6): 939-946.
- Stevens R. 1986. Zirconia and zirconia ceramics. Magnesium Elektron Ltd., Twickenham, UK.
- Zhang F, Inokoshi M, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Naert I, Van Meerbeek B, Vleugels J. 2016. Strength, toughness and aging stability of highly-translucent Y-TZP ceramics for dental restorations. Dental Mater, 32(12): e327-e337.
- Zhang Y, Lawn BR. 2018. Novel zirconia materials in dentistry. J Dental Res, 97(2): 140-147.
Abstract
This study aimed to find the ideal parameters for shaping waste zirconia powders from dental laboratories using the slip-casting process. Additionally, the qualities of ceramic products created in this manner were evaluated using microstructural characterization and physical-mechanical tests. Various dental laboratories provided the waste CAD/CAM zirconia powder used in the investigation. Wastes in powder form were first calcined. Afterward, an attritor mill was used to grind the grain size until it was usable, following the completion of the grain size distribution analysis. Waste and commercial zirconia powders were combined using various dispersants to create slip-casting slurries. The rheological characteristics of these slurries were then ascertained. By evaluating the rheological properties of slip-casting slurries prepared in this way, the most suitable casting parameters were determined, and ceramic products were formed by slip-casting technique from the slurries to be prepared in accordance with these parameters. The shaped samples were dried and sintered at two different temperatures, 1400-1450°C, and samples were designed for physical, mechanical, and microstructural characterization. The pore percentages, bulk densities, and water absorption of the sintered samples, according to Archimedes’ principle, as well as their strengths, were determined by the three-point bending strength test. Phase analysis was performed with XRD (X-ray diffractometer) microstructure studies with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). It has been concluded that waste zirconia can be used in dental applications.
Project Number
17.KARİYER.186
References
- Agrafiotis C, Tsetsekou A, Leon I. 2000. Effect of slurry rheological properties on the coating of ceramic honeycombs with Yttria‐Stabilized‐Zirconia washcoats. J American Ceramic Soc, 83(5): 1033-1038.
- Christel P, Meunier A, Heller M, Torre J, Peille C. 1989. Mechanical properties and short‐term in vivo evaluation of yttrium‐oxide‐partially‐stabilized zirconia. J Biomed Mater Res, 23(1): 45-61.
- Denry I, Holloway JA. 2010. Ceramics for dental applications: a review. Materials, 3(1): 351-368.
- Denry I, Kelly JR. 2008. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dental Mater, 24(3): 299-307.
- Denry IL. 1996. Recent advances in ceramics for dentistry. Crit Rev Oral Biol Medic, 7(2): 134-143.
- Duraccio D, Mussano F, Faga MG. 2015. Biomaterials for dental implants: current and future trends. J Mater Sci, 50: 4779-4812.
- Garvie RC, Hannink R, Pascoe R. 1990. Ceramic steel? In Sintering Key Papers: Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp: 253-257.
- Gautam C, Joyner J, Gautam A, Rao J, Vajtai R. 2016. Zirconia based dental ceramics: structure, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and applications. Dalton Transact, 45(48): 19194-19215.
- Gouveia PF, Schabbach L, Souza J, Henriques B, Labrincha J, Silva F, Fredel M, Mesquita-Guimarães J. 2017. New perspectives for recycling dental zirconia waste resulting from CAD/CAM manufacturing process. J Clean Product, 152: 454-463.
- Greenwood R, Kendall K. 1999. Selection of suitable dispersants for aqueous suspensions of zirconia and titania powders using acoustophoresis. J European Ceramic Soc, 19(4): 79-488.
- Grigoriadou M. 2006. Fracture resistance of three-unit posterior zirconium dioxide fixed partial dentures: an in vitro study, Freiburg (Breisgau) Univ Diss, Freiburg, Germany, pp: 92.
- Guazzato M, Albakry M, Ringer SP, Swain MV. 2004. Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part II. Zirconia-based dental ceramics. Dental Mater, 20(5): 449-456.
- Jiang L, Liao Y, Wan Q, Li W. 2011. Effects of sintering temperature and particle size on the translucency of zirconium dioxide dental ceramic. J Mater Sci Mater Medic, 22: 2429-2435.
- Jin J, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N. 2004. Effect of test method on flexural strength of recent dental ceramics. Dental Mater, 23(4): 490-496.
- Kelly JR, Benetti P. 2011. Ceramic materials in dentistry: historical evolution and current practice. Australian Dental J, 56: 84-96.
- Kim WC, Lee JK. 2020. Effect of Powder Characteristics on Slip Casting Fabrication of Dental Zirconia Implants. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 20(9): 5385-5389.
- Madfa AA, Al-Sanabani FA, Al-Qudami NH, Al-Sanabani JS, Amran AG. 2014. Use of zirconia in dentistry: An overview. Open Biomater J, 5(1): 1-9.
- Mundhe K, Jain V, Pruthi G, Shah N. 2015. Clinical study to evaluate the wear of natural enamel antagonist to zirconia and metal ceramic crowns. J Prosthetic Dent, 114(3): 358-363.
- Piconi C, Maccauro G. 1999. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials, 20(1): 1-25.
- Pröbster L, Diehl J. 1992. Slip-casting alumina ceramics for crown and bridge restorations. Quintessence Int, 23(1): 25-31.
- Roulet JF, Schepker KL, Truco A, Schwarz HC, Rocha MG. 2021. Biaxial flexural strength, crystalline structure, and grain size of new commercially available zirconia-based ceramics for dental appliances produced using a new slip-casting method. J Mechan Behav Biomed Mater, 114: 104180.
- Schultz M, Burckhardt W. 1993. The isoelectric point of pure and doped zirconia in relation to the preparation route. Solid State Ionics, 63: 18-24.
- Shen J. 2013. Advanced ceramics for dentistry. Butterworth-Heinemann, Waltham, US, pp: 391.
- Shenoy A, Shenoy N. 2010. Dental ceramics: An update. J Conserv Dent, 13(4): 195.
- Singh BP, Bhattacharjee S, Besra L, Sengupta DK. 2004. Evaluation of dispersibility of aqueous alumina suspension in presence of Darvan C. Ceramics Int, 30(6): 939-946.
- Stevens R. 1986. Zirconia and zirconia ceramics. Magnesium Elektron Ltd., Twickenham, UK.
- Zhang F, Inokoshi M, Batuk M, Hadermann J, Naert I, Van Meerbeek B, Vleugels J. 2016. Strength, toughness and aging stability of highly-translucent Y-TZP ceramics for dental restorations. Dental Mater, 32(12): e327-e337.
- Zhang Y, Lawn BR. 2018. Novel zirconia materials in dentistry. J Dental Res, 97(2): 140-147.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Materials Science and Technologies, Material Characterization, Ceramics in Materials Engineering, Material Production Technologies |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 17.KARİYER.186 |
| Publication Date | May 15, 2024 |
| Submission Date | February 12, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | March 15, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 3 |
