Experimental Investigation of Cooling of an Electric Vehicle Lithium Ion Battery Under Natural Convection Conditions

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 855 - 862, 15.05.2025

Muhittin Bilgili , Yunus Emre Gönülaçar , Emre Aşkın Elibol

https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1579284

Abstract

In this study, the thermal and electrical performance of a 10 Ah Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery used in electric vehicles was experimentally investigated under natural convection conditions and different discharge rates. The changes in the surface temperatures of the battery with time at different discharge rates were both imaged using a thermal camera and recorded with the help of a data logger, and the results were compared with each other. In addition, the heat transfer rates from the battery surface to the ambient air during battery discharge were calculated, voltage changes were measured and the obtained findings were presented graphically. As a result, it was found that the average battery surface temperature and the heat transfer rate from the battery to the environment increased with the increase in the discharge rate, while the voltage value decreased. Experimental findings showed that the maximum battery surface temperatures at 1C, 2C and 3C discharge rates were 37.3℃, 49.1℃, and 55.1℃, respectively. Consequently, it was determined that natural convection cooling for the battery is insufficient for high discharge rates (2C and 3C). Increasing the discharge rate from 1C to 3C increased the maximum heat transfer rate by approximately 255%. Results from thermocouple data and thermal images were found to be consistent with each other, with a maximum difference of 2.2%.

Keywords

Electric vehicle, Lithium-ion battery, Natural convection, Battery thermal management, Heat transfer

Project Number

FDK-2023-8879

Bir Elektrikli Araç Lityum İyon Bataryasının Doğal Taşınım Şartlarında Soğutulmasının Deneysel Olarak İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, elektrikli araçlarda kullanılan 10 Ah kapasitedeki bir Lityum Demir Fosfat (LFP) bataryanın, doğal taşınım şartları ve farklı deşarj hızları altındaki termal ve elektriksel performansı deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Farklı deşarj hızlarında bataryanın yüzey sıcaklıklarının zamana bağlı değişimi hem termal kamera kullanılarak görüntülenmiş hem de veri kaydedici yardımıyla kaydedilerek sonuçlar birbiriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bataryanın deşarjı sırasında batarya yüzeyinden çevre havaya olan ısı transfer hızları hesaplanmış, voltaj değişimleri ölçülmüş ve elde edilen bulgular grafiksel olarak sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak deşarj hızının artmasıyla ortalama batarya yüzey sıcaklığı ve bataryadan çevreye olan ısı transfer hızının arttığı görülürken voltaj değerinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Deneysel bulgular 1C, 2C ve 3C deşarj hızlarındaki maksimum batarya yüzey sıcaklıklarının sırasıyla 37,3℃, 49,1℃ ve 55,1℃ olduğunu göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla bataryayı doğal taşınımla soğutmanın yüksek deşarj hızları için (2C ve 3C) yeterli olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Deşarj hızının 1C’den 3C’ye çıkarılması maksimum ısı transfer hızını yaklaşık % 255 oranında arttırmıştır. Termal görüntülerden ve ısıl çift verilerinden elde edilen sonuçların maksimum %2,2’lik bir fark ile birbiriyle uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Elektrikli araç, Lityum iyon batarya, Doğal taşınım, Batarya termal yönetimi, Isı transferi

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırmada hayvanlar ve insanlar üzerinde herhangi bir çalışma yapılmadığı için etik kurul onayı alınmamıştır.

Supporting Institution

Gazi Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

FDK-2023-8879

Thanks

Bu çalışma Gazi Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından FDK-2023-8879 proje koduyla desteklenmiştir. Desteklerinden dolayı kendilerine teşekkür ederiz.

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