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The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 5, 1537 - 1547, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1748071

Abstract

In the era of digitalization, record-breaking leaps in information and communication technologies (ICT) are revolutionizing industries worldwide, including the maritime transport sector. The theme of this research is to examine the effects of digitalization on maritime business models and ships. Utilizing a qualitative, explanatory, and applied research design, the study reviews secondary data and literature to explain how digital technologies such as broadband systems, wireless networks, and Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming maritime communication, navigation, and ship management systems. Results show that digitalization powerfully enhances operational efficiency, reduces manpower requirements, and introduces new economics paradigms like the use of cryptocurrencies. However, it also has its downsides in the shape of heightened cyber threats, particularly with the introduction of autonomous ships. The discussion stresses the need for updated training, robust cybersecurity measures, and the adoption of next-generation satellite communication technologies (like Starlink, Iridium) to preserve the industry's flexibility and security. The report finds that adjusting digital means and policies is paramount to the competitiveness, efficiency, and security of maritime players with a more data-focused world economy.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because there was no study on animals or humans.

References

  • Acarer T. 2017. Bilgi ve İletişim Sistemlerinde Eğilim Kitabı. Boyut Yayıncılık ve Tic. A.Ş., İstanbul, Trkiye.
  • Acarer T. 2020. Yeni nesil mobil erişim sistemlerinin KOBİ’lerin finansal işlerinde sunduğu değişimler ve yeni fırsatlar. Soc Sci Res J, 9(3): 124-132.
  • Acarer T. 2021. Developments in the IT sector and new communication opportunities for the management of businesses. Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara,Türkiye, pp: 45-54.
  • Acarer T. 2023a. Endüstrideki gelişmelerin denizcilik işletmelerine ait gemilerin yönetiminde temin ettiği yeni olanaklar ve insansız gemiler. Mersin Univ Denizcilik Lojistik Araş Derg, 5(2): 122-153. https://doi.org/10.54410/denlojad.1364567
  • Acarer T. 2023b. VHF kısa mesafe deniz haberleşmesinin data iletişimine dönüşmesinin deniz işletmelerinin gemi yönetimleri için temin edeceği olanaklar. Den Araş Derg: Amfora, 2(3): 15-31.
  • Ahmed A, Gkioulos V. 2022. Utilizing AIS for command and control in maritime cyber attacks. In: Computer Security - ESORICS. Springer, pp: 535-553. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17143-7_26
  • Akadal B. 2019. Dijital pazarlamaya giriş 101. İstanbul: Eren Akademi, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 41-49.
  • Aktan E. 2018. Büyük veri: Uygulama alanları, analitiği ve güvenlik boyutu. Bilgi Yön, 1(1): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.33721/by.403010
  • Allison I. 2015. Nick Szabo: If banks want benefits of blockchains they must go permissionless. Int Bus Times. URL: https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/nick-szabo-if-banks-want-benefits-blockchains-they-must-go-permissionless-1518874 ( accessed date: 09.07.2025).
  • Bass M, Berg M, Dhingra V. 2017. Drivers and path to 5G. Bell Labs Consulting.
  • Chohan UW. 2022. Cryptocurrencies: A brief thematic review. SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3024330
  • Cisco. 2014. Network types: LAN, WAN, PAN and MAN. Available at: https://ciscorouterswitch.over-blog.com/article-network-types-lan-wan-pan-and-man-123597502.html ( accessed date: July 21, 2025).
  • Çağlar Ü. 2007. Elektronik para: Enformasyon teknolojisindeki gelişmeler ve yeni ödeme sistemleri. Manas Univ Sos Bil Derg, 9(17): 177-186.
  • Çarkacıoğlu A. 2016. Kripto-para Bitcoin. Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Araştırma Dairesi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Çavdar T, Öztürk E. 2018. A novel architecture design for internet of things. Sakarya Univ J Sci, 22(1): 39-48. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.285444
  • Ekinalan TT. 2020. GMDSS El Kitabı. Elif Reklam Basım Sanatları. İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 25-29.
  • Gandomi A, Haider M. 2015. Beyond the hype: Big data concepts, methods, and analytics. Int J Inf Manage, 35: 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.10.007
  • Goes PB. 2014. Big data and IS research. MIS Q, 38: III-VIII.
  • GSMA. 2025. The Mobile Economy 2025. URL: https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/030325-The-Mobile-Economy-2025.pdf ( accessed date: July 21, 2025).
  • Gültekin Y, Bulut Y. 2016. Bitcoin ekonomisi: Bitcoin eko-sisteminden doğan yeni sektörler ve analizi. Adnan Menderes Univ Sos Bil Enst Derg, 3(3): 82-92. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.288167
  • Heilig L, Lalla-Ruiz E, Voß S. 2017. Digital transformation in maritime ports: Analysis and a game theoretic framework. Netnomics, 18(2): 227-254.
  • Huawei, Oxford Economics. 2017. Digital spillover - Measuring the true impact of the digital economy. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. URL: https://www.huawei.com/minisite/gci/en/digital-spillover/files/gci_digital_spillover.pdf ( accessed date: July 10, 2025).
  • Ichimura Y, Dalaklis D, Kitada M, Christodoulou A. 2022. Shipping in the era of digitalization: Mapping the future strategic plans of major maritime commercial actors. Digital Bus, 2(1): 100022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2022.100022
  • IDC. 2018. Data Age 2025: The digitization of the world. URL: https://www.seagate.com/files/www-content/our-story/trends/files/dataage-idc-report-final.pdf (accessed date: July 21, 2025).
  • Karaoğlan SA. 2018. Türkiye’de kripto para farkındalığı ve kripto para kabul eden işletmelerin motivasyonları. İşletme İktisat Çalış Derg, 6(2): 15.
  • Koçoğlu ŞÇ. 2016. Bitcoin piyasalarının etkinliği, likiditesi ve oynaklığı. İşletme Araş Derg, 8(2): 77-97.
  • Kodak G, Acarer T. 2021. İstanbul Boğazı’nda deniz trafik düzenlemelerinin kaza oranına etkisinin değerlendirmesi. Aquatic Res, 4(2): 181-207. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21015
  • Kodak G, İstikbal C. 2021. A suggestion to improve navigational safety in the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus): Patrol tugs. J Black Sea, 27(3): 294-316.
  • Lee K. 2015. Handbook of digital currency: Bitcoin, innovation, financial instruments, and big data.: Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherland.
  • Li S, Xu LD, Zhao S. 2015. The internet of things: A survey. Inf Syst Front, 17: 243-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-014-9492-7
  • Nair J, Motwani DA. 2018. Currency: Bubble or boom. Int J Adv Res Comput Sci Manag Stud, 6(1): 35-42.
  • Pawelski J. 2023. Cyber threats for present and future commercial shipping. TransNav, 17(2): 261-267. https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.02.01
  • Saygılı MS. 2021. Logistics operation challenges of digital organizations. In: Ozturk I (ed.). Dark Side of Digital Organization. Peter Lang, Berlin, Germany.
  • Schueffel P. 2017. The concise fintech compendium. School of Management, Fribourg, Switzzerland, pp: 65-69.
  • Statista. 2024. Mobile payment transactions worldwide. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1234567/mobile-payment-transactions-worldwide/ ( accessed date: July 21, 2025).
  • Sullivan BP, Desai S, Sole J, Rossi M, Ramundo L, Terzi S. 2020. Maritime 4.0 - Opportunities in digitalization and advanced manufacturing for vessel development. Procedia Manuf, 42: 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.078
  • Symes S, Blanco-Davis E, Graham T, Wang J, Shaw E. 2024. Cyberattacks on the maritime sector: A literature review. J Mar Sci Appl, 23: 689-706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-024-00443-0
  • Tasca P. 2015. Digital currencies: Principles, trends, opportunities, and risks. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2657598
  • Tekin M, Güleş HK, Öğüt A. 2006. Değişim çağında teknoloji yönetimi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Turan Z. 2018. Kripto paralar, Bitcoin, blockchain, Petro Gold, dijital para ve kullanım alanları. Ömer Halisdemir Üniv İİBF Derg, 11(3): 1-5.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği. 2020. İnternet bankacılığı ve mobil bankacılık istatistikleri. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Usluer HB. 2015. Liman planlama ve geliştirmede deniz bilimlerinin önemi. II. Ulusal Liman Kongresi, November 2-3, İzmir, Türkiye, pp: 330-343.
  • Wegdell A, Andersson G. 2014. Prospects of Bitcoin - An evaluation of its future. MSc Thesis. Lund University, Lund, Swedish. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/4462711
  • Yaktıyol EP. 2018. Dijitalleşen dünyada: Kripto paralar. BESFİN, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Yılmaz L, Acarer T. 2014. Küresel denizde tehlike ve emniyet sistemi (GMDSS), Genel Telsiz Operatör Ehliyeti (GOC). Akademi Yayınları, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 65-75.
  • Yılmaz Y. 2007. Kriptoloji uygulamalarında hukuki boyut. Marmara Univ Huk Fak Huk Araş Derg, 13(1-2): 137-147.
  • Yousaf A, Amro A, Kwa PTH, Li M, Zhou J. 2024. Cyber risk assessment of cyber-enabled autonomous cargo vessel. Int J Crit Infrastruct Prot, 46: 100695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2024.100695
  • Zohuri B, Nguyen HT, Moghaddam M. 2022. What is the cryptocurrency? Is it a threat to our national security, domestically and globally? Int J Theor Comput Phys, 3(1): 1-14.

The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 5, 1537 - 1547, 15.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1748071

Abstract

In the era of digitalization, record-breaking leaps in information and communication technologies (ICT) are revolutionizing industries worldwide, including the maritime transport sector. The theme of this research is to examine the effects of digitalization on maritime business models and ships. Utilizing a qualitative, explanatory, and applied research design, the study reviews secondary data and literature to explain how digital technologies such as broadband systems, wireless networks, and Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming maritime communication, navigation, and ship management systems. Results show that digitalization powerfully enhances operational efficiency, reduces manpower requirements, and introduces new economics paradigms like the use of cryptocurrencies. However, it also has its downsides in the shape of heightened cyber threats, particularly with the introduction of autonomous ships. The discussion stresses the need for updated training, robust cybersecurity measures, and the adoption of next-generation satellite communication technologies (like Starlink, Iridium) to preserve the industry's flexibility and security. The report finds that adjusting digital means and policies is paramount to the competitiveness, efficiency, and security of maritime players with a more data-focused world economy.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was not required for this study because there was no study on animals or humans.

References

  • Acarer T. 2017. Bilgi ve İletişim Sistemlerinde Eğilim Kitabı. Boyut Yayıncılık ve Tic. A.Ş., İstanbul, Trkiye.
  • Acarer T. 2020. Yeni nesil mobil erişim sistemlerinin KOBİ’lerin finansal işlerinde sunduğu değişimler ve yeni fırsatlar. Soc Sci Res J, 9(3): 124-132.
  • Acarer T. 2021. Developments in the IT sector and new communication opportunities for the management of businesses. Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara,Türkiye, pp: 45-54.
  • Acarer T. 2023a. Endüstrideki gelişmelerin denizcilik işletmelerine ait gemilerin yönetiminde temin ettiği yeni olanaklar ve insansız gemiler. Mersin Univ Denizcilik Lojistik Araş Derg, 5(2): 122-153. https://doi.org/10.54410/denlojad.1364567
  • Acarer T. 2023b. VHF kısa mesafe deniz haberleşmesinin data iletişimine dönüşmesinin deniz işletmelerinin gemi yönetimleri için temin edeceği olanaklar. Den Araş Derg: Amfora, 2(3): 15-31.
  • Ahmed A, Gkioulos V. 2022. Utilizing AIS for command and control in maritime cyber attacks. In: Computer Security - ESORICS. Springer, pp: 535-553. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17143-7_26
  • Akadal B. 2019. Dijital pazarlamaya giriş 101. İstanbul: Eren Akademi, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 41-49.
  • Aktan E. 2018. Büyük veri: Uygulama alanları, analitiği ve güvenlik boyutu. Bilgi Yön, 1(1): 1-22. https://doi.org/10.33721/by.403010
  • Allison I. 2015. Nick Szabo: If banks want benefits of blockchains they must go permissionless. Int Bus Times. URL: https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/nick-szabo-if-banks-want-benefits-blockchains-they-must-go-permissionless-1518874 ( accessed date: 09.07.2025).
  • Bass M, Berg M, Dhingra V. 2017. Drivers and path to 5G. Bell Labs Consulting.
  • Chohan UW. 2022. Cryptocurrencies: A brief thematic review. SSRN. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3024330
  • Cisco. 2014. Network types: LAN, WAN, PAN and MAN. Available at: https://ciscorouterswitch.over-blog.com/article-network-types-lan-wan-pan-and-man-123597502.html ( accessed date: July 21, 2025).
  • Çağlar Ü. 2007. Elektronik para: Enformasyon teknolojisindeki gelişmeler ve yeni ödeme sistemleri. Manas Univ Sos Bil Derg, 9(17): 177-186.
  • Çarkacıoğlu A. 2016. Kripto-para Bitcoin. Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Araştırma Dairesi, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Çavdar T, Öztürk E. 2018. A novel architecture design for internet of things. Sakarya Univ J Sci, 22(1): 39-48. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.285444
  • Ekinalan TT. 2020. GMDSS El Kitabı. Elif Reklam Basım Sanatları. İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 25-29.
  • Gandomi A, Haider M. 2015. Beyond the hype: Big data concepts, methods, and analytics. Int J Inf Manage, 35: 137-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.10.007
  • Goes PB. 2014. Big data and IS research. MIS Q, 38: III-VIII.
  • GSMA. 2025. The Mobile Economy 2025. URL: https://www.gsma.com/solutions-and-impact/connectivity-for-good/mobile-economy/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/030325-The-Mobile-Economy-2025.pdf ( accessed date: July 21, 2025).
  • Gültekin Y, Bulut Y. 2016. Bitcoin ekonomisi: Bitcoin eko-sisteminden doğan yeni sektörler ve analizi. Adnan Menderes Univ Sos Bil Enst Derg, 3(3): 82-92. https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.288167
  • Heilig L, Lalla-Ruiz E, Voß S. 2017. Digital transformation in maritime ports: Analysis and a game theoretic framework. Netnomics, 18(2): 227-254.
  • Huawei, Oxford Economics. 2017. Digital spillover - Measuring the true impact of the digital economy. Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. URL: https://www.huawei.com/minisite/gci/en/digital-spillover/files/gci_digital_spillover.pdf ( accessed date: July 10, 2025).
  • Ichimura Y, Dalaklis D, Kitada M, Christodoulou A. 2022. Shipping in the era of digitalization: Mapping the future strategic plans of major maritime commercial actors. Digital Bus, 2(1): 100022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2022.100022
  • IDC. 2018. Data Age 2025: The digitization of the world. URL: https://www.seagate.com/files/www-content/our-story/trends/files/dataage-idc-report-final.pdf (accessed date: July 21, 2025).
  • Karaoğlan SA. 2018. Türkiye’de kripto para farkındalığı ve kripto para kabul eden işletmelerin motivasyonları. İşletme İktisat Çalış Derg, 6(2): 15.
  • Koçoğlu ŞÇ. 2016. Bitcoin piyasalarının etkinliği, likiditesi ve oynaklığı. İşletme Araş Derg, 8(2): 77-97.
  • Kodak G, Acarer T. 2021. İstanbul Boğazı’nda deniz trafik düzenlemelerinin kaza oranına etkisinin değerlendirmesi. Aquatic Res, 4(2): 181-207. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR21015
  • Kodak G, İstikbal C. 2021. A suggestion to improve navigational safety in the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus): Patrol tugs. J Black Sea, 27(3): 294-316.
  • Lee K. 2015. Handbook of digital currency: Bitcoin, innovation, financial instruments, and big data.: Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherland.
  • Li S, Xu LD, Zhao S. 2015. The internet of things: A survey. Inf Syst Front, 17: 243-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-014-9492-7
  • Nair J, Motwani DA. 2018. Currency: Bubble or boom. Int J Adv Res Comput Sci Manag Stud, 6(1): 35-42.
  • Pawelski J. 2023. Cyber threats for present and future commercial shipping. TransNav, 17(2): 261-267. https://doi.org/10.12716/1001.17.02.01
  • Saygılı MS. 2021. Logistics operation challenges of digital organizations. In: Ozturk I (ed.). Dark Side of Digital Organization. Peter Lang, Berlin, Germany.
  • Schueffel P. 2017. The concise fintech compendium. School of Management, Fribourg, Switzzerland, pp: 65-69.
  • Statista. 2024. Mobile payment transactions worldwide. URL: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1234567/mobile-payment-transactions-worldwide/ ( accessed date: July 21, 2025).
  • Sullivan BP, Desai S, Sole J, Rossi M, Ramundo L, Terzi S. 2020. Maritime 4.0 - Opportunities in digitalization and advanced manufacturing for vessel development. Procedia Manuf, 42: 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.02.078
  • Symes S, Blanco-Davis E, Graham T, Wang J, Shaw E. 2024. Cyberattacks on the maritime sector: A literature review. J Mar Sci Appl, 23: 689-706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-024-00443-0
  • Tasca P. 2015. Digital currencies: Principles, trends, opportunities, and risks. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2657598
  • Tekin M, Güleş HK, Öğüt A. 2006. Değişim çağında teknoloji yönetimi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Turan Z. 2018. Kripto paralar, Bitcoin, blockchain, Petro Gold, dijital para ve kullanım alanları. Ömer Halisdemir Üniv İİBF Derg, 11(3): 1-5.
  • Türkiye Bankalar Birliği. 2020. İnternet bankacılığı ve mobil bankacılık istatistikleri. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Usluer HB. 2015. Liman planlama ve geliştirmede deniz bilimlerinin önemi. II. Ulusal Liman Kongresi, November 2-3, İzmir, Türkiye, pp: 330-343.
  • Wegdell A, Andersson G. 2014. Prospects of Bitcoin - An evaluation of its future. MSc Thesis. Lund University, Lund, Swedish. http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/4462711
  • Yaktıyol EP. 2018. Dijitalleşen dünyada: Kripto paralar. BESFİN, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • Yılmaz L, Acarer T. 2014. Küresel denizde tehlike ve emniyet sistemi (GMDSS), Genel Telsiz Operatör Ehliyeti (GOC). Akademi Yayınları, İstanbul, Türkiye, pp: 65-75.
  • Yılmaz Y. 2007. Kriptoloji uygulamalarında hukuki boyut. Marmara Univ Huk Fak Huk Araş Derg, 13(1-2): 137-147.
  • Yousaf A, Amro A, Kwa PTH, Li M, Zhou J. 2024. Cyber risk assessment of cyber-enabled autonomous cargo vessel. Int J Crit Infrastruct Prot, 46: 100695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcip.2024.100695
  • Zohuri B, Nguyen HT, Moghaddam M. 2022. What is the cryptocurrency? Is it a threat to our national security, domestically and globally? Int J Theor Comput Phys, 3(1): 1-14.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Maritime Business Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Murat Saka 0000-0002-8637-0736

Tayfun Acarer 0000-0003-2407-5552

Early Pub Date September 12, 2025
Publication Date September 15, 2025
Submission Date July 23, 2025
Acceptance Date August 26, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Saka, M., & Acarer, T. (2025). The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 8(5), 1537-1547. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1748071
AMA Saka M, Acarer T. The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships. BSJ Eng. Sci. September 2025;8(5):1537-1547. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1748071
Chicago Saka, Murat, and Tayfun Acarer. “The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8, no. 5 (September 2025): 1537-47. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1748071.
EndNote Saka M, Acarer T (September 1, 2025) The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8 5 1537–1547.
IEEE M. Saka and T. Acarer, “The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships”, BSJ Eng. Sci., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1537–1547, 2025, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1748071.
ISNAD Saka, Murat - Acarer, Tayfun. “The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 8/5 (September2025), 1537-1547. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1748071.
JAMA Saka M, Acarer T. The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8:1537–1547.
MLA Saka, Murat and Tayfun Acarer. “The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 8, no. 5, 2025, pp. 1537-4, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1748071.
Vancouver Saka M, Acarer T. The Effects of Developments in Digital Technologies on the Activities of Maritime Businesses and Ships. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2025;8(5):1537-4.

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