Çocuklarda Postoperatif Dönemde Ağrı Tedavisinde Nonfarmakolojik Yöntemlerin Kullanımının İncelenmesi: Sistematik Bir İnceleme

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı 0-18 yaş arası çocuk hastalarda postoperatif ağrı yönetiminde hemşirelerin kullandıkları nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin ağrı düzeyinin azaltılmasındaki etkinliğinin incelenmesidir. Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmanın evrenini Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanından “pediatrik”, “ağrı”, “cerrahi”, “postoperatif”, “nonfarmakolojik” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak ulaşılan çalışmalar oluşturmuştur. Literatür taramasında farklı kombinasyonların kullanıldığı ve son yedi yılda 0-18 yaş arası pediatrik hastalarda postoperatif dönemde ağrı tedavisinde kullanılan farmakolojik olmayan yöntemlerin incelendiği ve deneysel tasarımda yürütüldüğü bir çalışmadır. Bu sistematik inceleme PRISMA akış şeması adımları kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. 11 çalışmaya 905'i çocuk, 280'i ebeveyn olmak üzere toplam 1185 kişi katıldı. Çalışmalara katılan çocukların yaş ortalaması 6,6 (min-max) idi. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde ağrıyı ölçmek için en çok tercih edilen ölçek Wong Baker Yüz Ağrı Ölçeği olmuştur (7 çalışma). Çalışmalarda kullanılan farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler arasında dikkat dağıtma (5 çalışma), terapötik oyun (3 çalışma), dikkat dağıtma ve terapötik oyun (1 çalışma), masaj terapisi (1 çalışma) ve müzik terapisi (1 çalışma) yer almaktadır. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde kullanılan farklı farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler çocuklarda ağrı düzeyinin azaltılmasında etkilidir.

Keywords

• Çocuk
• Nonfarmakolojik
• Ağrı
• Postoperatif
• Cerrahi

An Investigation of Using Non-Pharmacological Methods in Pain Management in Postoperative Period in Children: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of nonpharmacological methods used by nurses in the management of postoperative pain in pediatric patients aged 0-18 years. In this descriptive study, the research population consisted of studies that were accessed from the National Thesis Center database by using the keywords “pediatric”, “pain”, “surgical”, “postoperative”, “and non-pharmacological” in different combinations in the literature search and that examined non-pharmacological methods used for pain management in the postoperative period in pediatric patients between the ages of 0-18 years in the last seven years and were conducted in experimental design. This systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart steps. A total of 1185 individuals, including 905 children and 280 parents, took part in 11 studies. The mean age of the children in the studies was 6.6 years (min-max). The most preferred scale to measure pain in the postoperative period was the Wong-Baker Facial Pain Scale (7 studies). Non-pharmacologic methods used in the studies included distraction (5 studies), therapeutic play (3 studies), distraction and therapeutic play (1 study), massage therapy (1 study), and music therapy (1 study). Different non-pharmacological methods used in the postoperative period are effective in reducing pain levels in children.

Keywords

• Child
• Non-Pharmacologic
• Pain
• Postoperative
• Surgical

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