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Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Online Kumar Alışkanlıklarının Bağımlılık Sosyolojisi Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi: Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 232 - 251, 01.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1616346

Abstract

Online kumar, internet üzerinden birtakım yasadışı siteler aracılığıyla oynanan kumar oyunlarıdır. Teknolojinin hayatımızın hemen her alanında etkili olduğu bir dönemde ortaya çıkan ve çağa uygun bir fenomen olan online kumar, gençler arasında hızla yaygınlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bağımlılık sosyolojisi bağlamında üniversite öğrencilerinin online kumar alışkanlıkları incelenmiştir. Nitel fenomenolojik yöntemin kullanıldığı çalışmada, sürekli online kumar oynayan 12 üniversite öğrencisiyle derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu görüşme ve gözlemlerden elde edilen veriler nitel içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analizler neticesinde online kumara giriş, online kumar sistemi, hayat kumarın parçası ve doktriner gerilim olmak üzere 4 tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular bireylerin akran etkisiyle online kumarla tanıştıkları, online kumarın hayatlarının çok önemli bir kısmını etkisi altına aldığı, erkeklerin yoğun olarak bulunduğu, katılımcıların gelirlerinin önemli bir kısmını kumara ayırdıkları, online kumar sistemine dahil olmanın basitleştirildiği ve kolaylaştırdığı gibi birtakım sonuçlara işaret etmektedir. Yapılan gözlemler online kumarın üniversite öğrencileri arasında yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Ancak online kumar bağımlılığının üniversite öğrencileri arasındaki yaygınlığını daha net ölçmek adına daha geniş kapsamlı niceliksel araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Thanks

Metin Açay'a teşekkür ederim.

References

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  • APA Dictionary of Psychology. (2023). APA Dictionary of Psychology. 14 Eylül 2023 tarihinde https://dictionary.apa.org/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Bauman, Z. (2017). Akışkan modernite: inceleme (S. O. Çavuş ve K. Durukan, Çev.). İstanbul: Can Sanat. Bayındır, G. (2018). Kumar ve şans oyunlarına toplumsal bakış: Niğde örneği. Millî Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 58-82.
  • Beck, U. (2011). Risk toplumu: Başka bir modernliğe doğru (K. Özdoğan ve B. Dogan, Çev.). İstanbul: İthaki. Beckert, J., & Lutter, M. (2013). Why the poor play the lottery: Sociological approaches to explaining class-based lottery play. Sociology, 47(6), 1152-1170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038512457854
  • Bernhard, B. J., Futrell, R., & Harper, A. (2009). Gambling And globalization: sociological perspectives on ‘the house’ and ‘the players’. Sociology Compass, 3(4), 616-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2009.00211.x Bloch, H. A. (1951). The sociology of gambling. American Journal of Sociology, 57(3), 215-221.
  • Canale, N., Vieno, A., Griffiths, M. D., Marino, C., Chieco, F., Disperati, F., Andriolo, S., & Santinello, M. (2016). The efficacy of a web-based gambling intervention program for high school students: A preliminary randomized study. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 946-954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.012
  • Chóliz, M. (2016). The challenge of online gambling: The effect of legalization on the increase in online gambling addiction. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 749-756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9558-6
  • Cole, T., Barrett, D. J. K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Social facilitation in online and offline gambling: A pilot study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9(3), 240-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9281-6
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  • Creswell, J. W. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Çev.) (4. Baskı). Ankara: Siyasal.
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  • Egerer, M., & Rantala, V. (2015). What makes gambling cool? Images of agency and self-control in fiction films. Substance Use & Misuse, 50(4), 468-483.
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  • Gainsbury, S. M. (2015). Online gambling addiction: The relationship between ınternet gambling and disordered gambling. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0057-8 Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A., Hing, N., Wood, R., Lubman, D. I., & Blaszczynski, A. (2014). The prevalence and determinants of problem gambling in Australia: assessing the impact of interactive gambling and new technologies. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(3), 769-779. https://doi.org10/1037/a0036207
  • Gómez, P., Feijóo, S., Braña, T., Varela, J., & Rial, A. (2020). Minors and online gambling: prevalence and related variables. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(3), 735-745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09923-3
  • Griffiths, M. D. (1990). The cognitive psychology of gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015747
  • Griffiths, M. D., Derevensky, J. L., & Parke, J. (2012). Online gambling among youth: Cause for concern?. Routledge International Handbook Of Internet Gambling içinde (ss. 183-199). London: Routledge.
  • Griffiths, M., & Barnes, A. (2008). Internet gambling: An online empirical study among student gamblers. International Journal of Mental Health And Addiction, 6(2), 194-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-007-9083-7 Griffiths, M., Parke, J., Wood, R., & Rigbye, J. (2010). Online poker gambling in university students: Further findings from an online survey. International Journal of Mental Health And Addiction, 8(1), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9203-7
  • Habertürk. (2017, Eylül 30). 5 milyon sanal bahisçiden 50 milyar tl! Habertürk. https://www.haberturk.com/5-milyon-sanal-bahisciden-50-milyar-tl-1654230
  • Hraba, J., & Lee, G. (1996). Gender, gambling and problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12(1), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01533191
  • Hraba, J., Mok, W., & Huff, D. (1990). Lottery play and problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(4), 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01014590
  • Jovanoski, A., & Sharlamanov, K. (2021). Gambling: Social influence to gain addiction (sociological perspective). International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 12(3), 897-902.
  • Kuş, Ö. A., & Akbaş, Ö. U. (2022). The impact of sharing accounts on electronic chance/bet gaming platforms in social media on gambling behavior: A research in the city of istanbul. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8, 229-247
  • Ladd, G. T., & Petry, N. M. (2002). Disordered gambling among university-based medical and dental patients: A focus on internet gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16(1), 76-79.
  • Lucchini, F., & Molinaro, S. (2020). Socio-economic status and problem gambling: An analysis of the Italian case. Salute E Socıetà, 3, 149- 164. https://doi.org/10.3280/SES2020-003010
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (2018). Komünist manifesto (T. Bora, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Masak. (2023). Masak Faaliyet Raporu. T.C. Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı Mali Suçları Araştırma Kurulu Başkanlığı.
  • Mcmillen, J. (Der.). (1996). Gambling cultures: Studies in history and interpretation. London: Routledge.
  • Merton, R. K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3(5), 3-13.
  • Milner, L., & Nuske, E. (2020). Laying your cards on the table: representations of gambling in the media. Australian Journal Of Communication, 39(2), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.918334230199736
  • Montiel, I., Ortega-Barón, J., Basterra-González, A., González-Cabrera, J., & Machimbarrena, J. M. (2021). Problematic online gambling among adolescents: A systematic review about prevalence and related measurement issues. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10(3), 566-586. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00055
  • Neuman, W. L. (2006). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri: Nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. (S. Özge, Çev.). İstanbul: Yayın Odası.
  • Önal, L. (2023). Psikolojik sağlık ve sapkın boş zaman etkileşimi: Sanal bahis ve kumar tutkunları üzerine bir inceleme. Herkes İçin Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 5(2), 110- 117. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1388588
  • Özdemir, Ş. (2008). Karşılaştırmalı bir perspektiften kapitalizm ve kültür. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 3(17), 49-79.
  • Özsoy, S., Gelen, N. K., Kardaş, N. T., Tabuk, M. E., Görün, L., & Afat, A. (2014). Lise ve üniversite öğrencilerinin spor medyasını izleme ve bahis oyunu oynama alışkanlıkları. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 3(3), 120- 130. https://doi.org/10.17680/akademia.v3i3.1005000194
  • Öztürkmen, G. (2023). Yetişkin bireylerin çevrimiçi kumar bağımlılığının dürtüsellik ile ilişkisi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Pawalluri, T. (2022). The existence of online gambling in adolescents based on sociological studies. Journal of Pedagogical Inventions and Practices, 11, 6-12.
  • Pisarska, A., & Ostaszewski, K. (2020). Factors associated with youth gambling: Longitudinal study among high school students. Public Health, 184, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.03.017
  • Raento, P. (2017). All in—and more! Gambling in the james bond films. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 21(1), 49- 68.
  • Reith, G. (2002). The age of chance: Gambling and western culture. London: Routledge.
  • Shalin, D. (2016). Erving Goffman, fateful action, and the Las Vegas gambling scene. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 20(2), 1–38. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/grrj/vol20/iss1/1
  • Suissa, A. J. (2008). A critical perspective on gambling. M. Zangeneh, A. Blaszczynski, & N. E. Turner (Der.), Pursuit of winning: problem gambling theory, research and treatment içinde (ss. 119-134). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72173-6_7
  • Van Der Maas, M. (2016). Problem gambling, anxiety and poverty: An examination of the relationship between poor mental health and gambling problems across socio-economic status. International Gambling Studies, 16(2), 281-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2016.1172651
  • Veblen, T. (2005). Aylak sınıfın teorisi (Z. Gültekin & C. Atay, Çev.). İstanbul: Babil.
  • Weber, M., Parsons, T., Swidler, A., & Weber, M. (1999). The sociology of religion. New York: Beacon Press.
  • Wong, I. L. K., & So, E. M. T. (2014). Internet gambling among high school students in Hong Kong. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(3), 565-576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9413-6
  • Wood , R.T. , Williams , R.J. & Lawton , P.K. (2007) . Why do internet gamblers prefer online versus land-based venues? Some preliminary findings and implications. Journal of Gambling Issues, 20, 235–252.
  • Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2011). A comparative profile of the internet gambler: Demographic characteristics, game-play patterns, and problem gambling status. New Media & Society, 13(7), 1123-1141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810397650
  • Yahoo (2024). 15 biggest gambling countries ın the world. 4 Haziran 2024 tarihinde https://finance.yahoo.com/news/15-biggest-gambling-countries-world- adresinden erişildi.
  • Yalçın, H. (2022). Bir araştırma deseni olarak fenomenoloji. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı 2), 213-232. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1227345
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Title Evaluation Of Online Gambling Habits Of University Students In The Context Of Addiction Socliology: A Phenomenological Study

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 3, 232 - 251, 01.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1616346

Abstract

Online gambling refers to gambling activities conducted via the internet through various illegal websites. Emerging as a phenomenon suited to the digital age, online gambling has rapidly spread among young people in a time when technology significantly influences nearly every aspect of life. This study examines university students’ online gambling habits within the framework of addiction sociology. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 university students who regularly engage in online gambling. The data obtained from these interviews and observations were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. As a result of the analysis, four main themes emerged: entry into online gambling, the online gambling system, life as a part of gambling, and doctrinal tension. The findings indicate that: Individuals are introduced to online gambling primarily through peer influence. Online gambling takes control over a significant part of their lives. The environment is predominantly male-dominated. Participants allocate a substantial portion of their income to gambling. The online gambling system is designed to be easily accessible and encourages participation. Observations suggest that online gambling is highly prevalent among university students. However, to more accurately measure the prevalence of online gambling addiction, broader quantitative research is needed.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). DSM-5: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5. Baskı). American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • APA Dictionary of Psychology. (2023). APA Dictionary of Psychology. 14 Eylül 2023 tarihinde https://dictionary.apa.org/ adresinden erişildi.
  • Bauman, Z. (2017). Akışkan modernite: inceleme (S. O. Çavuş ve K. Durukan, Çev.). İstanbul: Can Sanat. Bayındır, G. (2018). Kumar ve şans oyunlarına toplumsal bakış: Niğde örneği. Millî Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 58-82.
  • Beck, U. (2011). Risk toplumu: Başka bir modernliğe doğru (K. Özdoğan ve B. Dogan, Çev.). İstanbul: İthaki. Beckert, J., & Lutter, M. (2013). Why the poor play the lottery: Sociological approaches to explaining class-based lottery play. Sociology, 47(6), 1152-1170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038512457854
  • Bernhard, B. J., Futrell, R., & Harper, A. (2009). Gambling And globalization: sociological perspectives on ‘the house’ and ‘the players’. Sociology Compass, 3(4), 616-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2009.00211.x Bloch, H. A. (1951). The sociology of gambling. American Journal of Sociology, 57(3), 215-221.
  • Canale, N., Vieno, A., Griffiths, M. D., Marino, C., Chieco, F., Disperati, F., Andriolo, S., & Santinello, M. (2016). The efficacy of a web-based gambling intervention program for high school students: A preliminary randomized study. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 946-954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.012
  • Chóliz, M. (2016). The challenge of online gambling: The effect of legalization on the increase in online gambling addiction. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 749-756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9558-6
  • Cole, T., Barrett, D. J. K., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Social facilitation in online and offline gambling: A pilot study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 9(3), 240-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9281-6
  • Cosgrave, J. F. (2006b). The sociology of risk and gambling reader. London: Routledge.
  • Cosgrave. (2006a). Gambling, risk and late capitalism. J. F. Cosgrave (Der.), The Sociology of Risk and Gambling Reader içinde (1-25). London: Routledge.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Beş yaklaşıma göre nitel araştırma ve araştırma deseni (M. Bütün & S. B. Demir, Çev.) (4. Baskı). Ankara: Siyasal.
  • Devereux, E. C. (1949). Gambling and the social structure: A sociological study of lotteries and horse racing in contemporary America. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
  • Egerer, M., & Rantala, V. (2015). What makes gambling cool? Images of agency and self-control in fiction films. Substance Use & Misuse, 50(4), 468-483.
  • Fisher, S. (1993). Gambling and pathological gambling in adolescents. Journal of Gambling Studies, 9(3), 277-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015923
  • Gainsbury, S. M. (2015). Online gambling addiction: The relationship between ınternet gambling and disordered gambling. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0057-8 Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A., Hing, N., Wood, R., Lubman, D. I., & Blaszczynski, A. (2014). The prevalence and determinants of problem gambling in Australia: assessing the impact of interactive gambling and new technologies. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(3), 769-779. https://doi.org10/1037/a0036207
  • Gómez, P., Feijóo, S., Braña, T., Varela, J., & Rial, A. (2020). Minors and online gambling: prevalence and related variables. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(3), 735-745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09923-3
  • Griffiths, M. D. (1990). The cognitive psychology of gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01015747
  • Griffiths, M. D., Derevensky, J. L., & Parke, J. (2012). Online gambling among youth: Cause for concern?. Routledge International Handbook Of Internet Gambling içinde (ss. 183-199). London: Routledge.
  • Griffiths, M., & Barnes, A. (2008). Internet gambling: An online empirical study among student gamblers. International Journal of Mental Health And Addiction, 6(2), 194-204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-007-9083-7 Griffiths, M., Parke, J., Wood, R., & Rigbye, J. (2010). Online poker gambling in university students: Further findings from an online survey. International Journal of Mental Health And Addiction, 8(1), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9203-7
  • Habertürk. (2017, Eylül 30). 5 milyon sanal bahisçiden 50 milyar tl! Habertürk. https://www.haberturk.com/5-milyon-sanal-bahisciden-50-milyar-tl-1654230
  • Hraba, J., & Lee, G. (1996). Gender, gambling and problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12(1), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01533191
  • Hraba, J., Mok, W., & Huff, D. (1990). Lottery play and problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 6(4), 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01014590
  • Jovanoski, A., & Sharlamanov, K. (2021). Gambling: Social influence to gain addiction (sociological perspective). International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 12(3), 897-902.
  • Kuş, Ö. A., & Akbaş, Ö. U. (2022). The impact of sharing accounts on electronic chance/bet gaming platforms in social media on gambling behavior: A research in the city of istanbul. Kastamonu İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8, 229-247
  • Ladd, G. T., & Petry, N. M. (2002). Disordered gambling among university-based medical and dental patients: A focus on internet gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16(1), 76-79.
  • Lucchini, F., & Molinaro, S. (2020). Socio-economic status and problem gambling: An analysis of the Italian case. Salute E Socıetà, 3, 149- 164. https://doi.org/10.3280/SES2020-003010
  • Marx, K., & Engels, F. (2018). Komünist manifesto (T. Bora, Çev.). İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Masak. (2023). Masak Faaliyet Raporu. T.C. Hazine ve Maliye Bakanlığı Mali Suçları Araştırma Kurulu Başkanlığı.
  • Mcmillen, J. (Der.). (1996). Gambling cultures: Studies in history and interpretation. London: Routledge.
  • Merton, R. K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review, 3(5), 3-13.
  • Milner, L., & Nuske, E. (2020). Laying your cards on the table: representations of gambling in the media. Australian Journal Of Communication, 39(2), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.918334230199736
  • Montiel, I., Ortega-Barón, J., Basterra-González, A., González-Cabrera, J., & Machimbarrena, J. M. (2021). Problematic online gambling among adolescents: A systematic review about prevalence and related measurement issues. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 10(3), 566-586. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00055
  • Neuman, W. L. (2006). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri: Nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. (S. Özge, Çev.). İstanbul: Yayın Odası.
  • Önal, L. (2023). Psikolojik sağlık ve sapkın boş zaman etkileşimi: Sanal bahis ve kumar tutkunları üzerine bir inceleme. Herkes İçin Spor ve Rekreasyon Dergisi, 5(2), 110- 117. https://doi.org/10.56639/jsar.1388588
  • Özdemir, Ş. (2008). Karşılaştırmalı bir perspektiften kapitalizm ve kültür. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 3(17), 49-79.
  • Özsoy, S., Gelen, N. K., Kardaş, N. T., Tabuk, M. E., Görün, L., & Afat, A. (2014). Lise ve üniversite öğrencilerinin spor medyasını izleme ve bahis oyunu oynama alışkanlıkları. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi, 3(3), 120- 130. https://doi.org/10.17680/akademia.v3i3.1005000194
  • Öztürkmen, G. (2023). Yetişkin bireylerin çevrimiçi kumar bağımlılığının dürtüsellik ile ilişkisi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Pawalluri, T. (2022). The existence of online gambling in adolescents based on sociological studies. Journal of Pedagogical Inventions and Practices, 11, 6-12.
  • Pisarska, A., & Ostaszewski, K. (2020). Factors associated with youth gambling: Longitudinal study among high school students. Public Health, 184, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.03.017
  • Raento, P. (2017). All in—and more! Gambling in the james bond films. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 21(1), 49- 68.
  • Reith, G. (2002). The age of chance: Gambling and western culture. London: Routledge.
  • Shalin, D. (2016). Erving Goffman, fateful action, and the Las Vegas gambling scene. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, 20(2), 1–38. https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/grrj/vol20/iss1/1
  • Suissa, A. J. (2008). A critical perspective on gambling. M. Zangeneh, A. Blaszczynski, & N. E. Turner (Der.), Pursuit of winning: problem gambling theory, research and treatment içinde (ss. 119-134). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-72173-6_7
  • Van Der Maas, M. (2016). Problem gambling, anxiety and poverty: An examination of the relationship between poor mental health and gambling problems across socio-economic status. International Gambling Studies, 16(2), 281-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2016.1172651
  • Veblen, T. (2005). Aylak sınıfın teorisi (Z. Gültekin & C. Atay, Çev.). İstanbul: Babil.
  • Weber, M., Parsons, T., Swidler, A., & Weber, M. (1999). The sociology of religion. New York: Beacon Press.
  • Wong, I. L. K., & So, E. M. T. (2014). Internet gambling among high school students in Hong Kong. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(3), 565-576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9413-6
  • Wood , R.T. , Williams , R.J. & Lawton , P.K. (2007) . Why do internet gamblers prefer online versus land-based venues? Some preliminary findings and implications. Journal of Gambling Issues, 20, 235–252.
  • Wood, R. T., & Williams, R. J. (2011). A comparative profile of the internet gambler: Demographic characteristics, game-play patterns, and problem gambling status. New Media & Society, 13(7), 1123-1141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810397650
  • Yahoo (2024). 15 biggest gambling countries ın the world. 4 Haziran 2024 tarihinde https://finance.yahoo.com/news/15-biggest-gambling-countries-world- adresinden erişildi.
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There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Muhammet N. Çakmak 0000-0003-3582-9989

Publication Date September 1, 2025
Submission Date January 9, 2025
Acceptance Date March 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çakmak, M. N. (2025). Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Online Kumar Alışkanlıklarının Bağımlılık Sosyolojisi Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi: Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 3(3), 232-251. https://doi.org/10.61535/bseusbfd.1616346

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