Respiratory Tract Infections and Prevention in Hemodialysis Patients
Year 2019,
Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 85 - 89, 01.09.2019
Sevil Alkan Çeviker
,
Alper Tahmaz
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections seen in hemodialysis patients are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Respiratory tract infections are the second most common cause of death in hemodialysis patients. Inhemodialysis patients, both community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections can be occur. In this study,
respiratory tract infections in hemodialysis patients and prevention measures are discussed with the accompanied by current information
References
- Anding K, Gross P, Rost JM, Allgaier D, Jacobs E. 2003. The influence of uraemia and haemodialysis on neutrophil phagocytosis and antimicrobial killing. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 18: 2067-2073.
- Carratalà J, Mykietiuk A, Fernández-Sabé N, Suárez C, Dorca J, Verdaguer R, ve ark. 2007. Healthcare-associated pneumonia requiring hospita ladmission: epidemiology, antibiotictherapy, and clinical outcomes. Arch Intern Med, 167: 1393-1399.
- Chavers BM, Solid CA, Gilbertson DT, Collins AJ. 2007. Infectionrelated hospitalization rates in pediatric versus adult patients with end-stage renal disease in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol, 18: 952-959.
- Christopoulos AI, Diamantopoulos AA, Dimopoulos PA, Goumenos DS, Barbalias GA. 2009.Risk factors for tuberculosis in dialysis patients: a prospective multi-center clinical trial. BMC Nephrol, 10: 36.
- Chou CY, Wang SM, Liang CC, Chang CT, Liu JH, Wang IK, ve ark. 2014. Risk of pneumonia among patients with chronic kidney disease in outpatient and inpatient settings: a nation wide population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore), 93: 174.
- Chou KJ, Fang HC, Bai KJ, Hwang SJ, Yang WC, Chung HM. 2001. Tuberculosis in maintenance dialysis patients. Nephron, 88(2): 138-143.
- Cohen-Hagai K, Rozenberg I, Korzets Z, Zitman-Gal T, Einbinder Y, Benchetrit S. 2016. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection among Dialysis Patients. Isr Med Assoc J, 18(9): 557-560.
- D'Agata EM, Mount DB, Thayer V, Schaffner W. 2000. Hospitalacquired infection samong chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis, 35: 1083-1088.
- Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Ramos MA, Gonzalez-Pardo MC, de Francisco AL, López-Hoyos M, Arias M. 2000. B lymphopenia in uremia is relatedto an accelerated in vitro apoptosis and dysregulation of Bcl-2. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 15: 502-510.
- Guo H, Liu J, Collins AJ, Foley RN. 2008. Pneumonia in incident dialysis patients – The United States renal data system. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 23: 680-686.
- Hussein MM, Mooij JM, Roujouleh H. 2003. Tuberculosis and chronic renal disease. Semin Dial, 16: 38-44.
- Inker LA, Astor BC, Fox CH, Isakova T, Lash JP, Peralta CA, Kurella Tamura M, Feldman HI. 2014. KDOQI US Commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD. American J Kidney Disease, 63(5): 713-735.
- Judd E, Ahmed MI, Harms JC, Terry NL, Sonavane SK, Allon M. 2013. Pneumonia in hemodialysis patients: a challenging diagnosis in the emergency room. J Nephrol, 26(6): 1128-1135.
- Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, Muscedere J, Sweeney DA, Palmer LB, Napolitano LM, O'Grady NP, Bartlett JG, Carratalà J, El Solh AA, Ewig S, Fey PD, File TM Jr, Restrepo MI, Roberts JA, Waterer GW, Cruse P, Knight SL, Brozek JL. 2016. Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis, 63(5): 61-111.
- Kaye KS, Harris AD, Samore M, Carmeli Y. 2005. Thecase-casecontrolstudydesign: addressing the limitations of risk factor studies for antimicrobial resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 26: 346-351.
- Kimmel PL, Phillips TM, Simmens SJ, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Alleyne S, Cruz I, Yanovski JA, Veis JH. 1998. Immunologic function and survival in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 54 236-244.
- Klote MM, Agodoa LY, Abbott KC. 2006. Risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in US chronic dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 21(11): 3287-3292.
- Kung K, Wong CK, Wong SY, Lam A, Chan CK, Griffiths S, Butler C. 2014. Patient presentation and physician management of upper respiratory tract infections: a retrospective review of over 5 million primary clinic consultations in Hong Kong. BMC Fam Prac, 15: 95.
- Lim WH, Kireta S, Leedham E, Russ GR, Coates PT. 2007. Uremia impairs monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell function in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int, 72:1138–1148.
- Lu Y, Tong J, Pei F, Yang Y, Xu D, Ji M, Xing C, Jia P, Xu C, Wang Y, Li G, Chai Z, Liu Y, Han J. 2013. Viral Etiology in Adults with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Jinan, Northern China. Clin Dev Immunol, 869521.
- Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG. 2007. Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis, 44(Suppl 2): 27-72.
- Naqvi SB, Collins AJ. 2006. Infectious complications in chronic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis, 13: 199.
- Öner Eyüpoglu F, Bacakoglu F. Türk toraks derneği erişkinlerde hastanede gelişen pnömoni tani ve tedavi uzlaşi raporu. www.toraks.org.tr (erişim tarihi. 01.09.2018).
- Rao T, Ram R, Swarnalatha G, SanthoshPai B, Ramesh V, Rao C, Naidu DG, Dakshinamurty KV. 2013. Tuberculosis in haemodialysis patients: A single centre experience. Indian J Nephrol, 23: 340-345.
- Sarnak MJ, Jaber BL. 2001.Pulmonary infectious mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease. Chest, 120: 1883-1887.
- Sasaki K, Yamaguchi S, Iwahashi E, Fujimoto T, Minami S, ve ark., 2014. Pneumonia in maintenance hemodialysis patients: detection rate of causative organisms in sputum varies with time of sampling and quality. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi, 56(4): 524-31.
- Sester U, Sester M, Hauk M, Kaul H, Köhler H, Girndt M. 2000. Tcell activation follows Th1 rather than Th2 pattern in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 15: 1217-
1223.
- Sibbel S, Sato R, Hunt A, Turenne W, Brunelli SM. 2016. The clinical and economic burden of pneumonia in patients enrolled in Medicare receiving dialysis: a retrospective,
observational cohort study. BMC Nephrol, 17:199.
- Shindo Y, Sato S, Maruyama E, Ohashi T, Ogawa M, Hashimoto N, Imaizumi K, Sato T, Hasegawa Y. 2009. Health-care-associated pneumonia among hospitalized patients in a Japanese community hospital. Chest, 135: 633-40.
- Slinin Y, Foley RN, Collins AJ. 2006. Clinical epidemiology of pneumonia in hemodialysis patients: the USRDS waves 1, 3, and 4 study. Kidney Int, 70: 1135-1141.
- Süleymanlar G, Altıparmak MR, Seyahi N. 2017. Sağlık bakanliği ve türk nefroloji derneği ortak raporu. Ankara: Türk Nefroloji Derneği, http://www.nefroloji.org.tr (erişim tarihi 26.08.2018).
- Taskapan H, Utas C, Oymak FS, Gülmez I, Ozesmi M. 2000. The outcome of tuberculosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol, 54(2):134-137.
- Taylor SP, Taylor BT. 2013. Healthcare-associated pneumonia in haemodialysis patients: clinical outcomes in patients treated with narrow versus broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. Respirology, 18:364-368
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Tüberküloz Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi. ANKARA, 2011. 96. http://www.toraks.org.tr/uploadFiles/30102014133530-tuberkuloz_tani_ve_tedavi_rehberi.pdf (erişim tarihi: 01.09.2018).
- Teichtahl H, Buckmaster N, Pertnikovs E. 1997. Theincidence of respiratory tract infection in adults requiring hospitalization for asthma. Chest, 112: 591-596.
- Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, Cox N, Anderson LJ, Fukuda K. 2003. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA, 289: 179-186.
- Tuncel SÇ, Sayıner A. 2011. Sağlık bakımı ile ilişkili pnömoni ve toplum kökenli pnömoni tanıları ile hastanede yatan olguların karşılaştırılması. Tüberküloz Toraks Derg, 59(4): 348-354.
- EKMUD. 2016. Türkiye enfeksiyon hastaliklari ve klinik mikrobiyoloji uzmanlik derneği, 2016 Erişkin bağişiklama rehberi; 2. güncelleme. İstanbul: Gülmat Matbaacılık: 2016.
www.ekmud.org.tr/rehberler/1-ekmud-rehberleri (erişim tarihi. 01.09.2018).
- Uluyol S, Alp A, Kılıçaslan S, Gür MH. 2016. Nasal mucociliary clearance in chronic renal failure: comparision of pre-dialysis and dialysis stages. Tepecik Eğit Hast Derg, 26(3): 197-200.
- Uyeki TM. 2017. Influenza. Ann Intern Med, 167(5): ITC33-ITC48. Zuo M, Tang J, Xiang M, Long Q, Dai J, Hu X. 2018. Characteristics and factors associated with nosocomial pneumonia among patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT): A case-control study. Int J InfectDis, 68:115-121.
HEMODİYALİZ HASTALARINDA SOLUNUM YOLU ENFEKSİYONLARI VE KORUNMA
Year 2019,
Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 85 - 89, 01.09.2019
Sevil Alkan Çeviker
,
Alper Tahmaz
Abstract
Hemodiyaliz hastalarında
görülen solunum yolu enfeksiyonları
önemli bir morbidite ve mortalite nedenidir. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında en sık ikinci ölüm nedeni
olarak solunum yolu enfeksiyonları bildirilmektedir. Hemodiyaliz hastaları hem
toplum kökenli hem de hastane kökenli enfeksiyonlar görülebilir. Bu
çalışmada hemodiyaliz hastalarında
görülen solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarının
tanı ve tedavisi ile korunma önlemleri güncel bilgiler eşliğinde
tartışılmaktadır.
References
- Anding K, Gross P, Rost JM, Allgaier D, Jacobs E. 2003. The influence of uraemia and haemodialysis on neutrophil phagocytosis and antimicrobial killing. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 18: 2067-2073.
- Carratalà J, Mykietiuk A, Fernández-Sabé N, Suárez C, Dorca J, Verdaguer R, ve ark. 2007. Healthcare-associated pneumonia requiring hospita ladmission: epidemiology, antibiotictherapy, and clinical outcomes. Arch Intern Med, 167: 1393-1399.
- Chavers BM, Solid CA, Gilbertson DT, Collins AJ. 2007. Infectionrelated hospitalization rates in pediatric versus adult patients with end-stage renal disease in the United States. J Am Soc Nephrol, 18: 952-959.
- Christopoulos AI, Diamantopoulos AA, Dimopoulos PA, Goumenos DS, Barbalias GA. 2009.Risk factors for tuberculosis in dialysis patients: a prospective multi-center clinical trial. BMC Nephrol, 10: 36.
- Chou CY, Wang SM, Liang CC, Chang CT, Liu JH, Wang IK, ve ark. 2014. Risk of pneumonia among patients with chronic kidney disease in outpatient and inpatient settings: a nation wide population-based study. Medicine (Baltimore), 93: 174.
- Chou KJ, Fang HC, Bai KJ, Hwang SJ, Yang WC, Chung HM. 2001. Tuberculosis in maintenance dialysis patients. Nephron, 88(2): 138-143.
- Cohen-Hagai K, Rozenberg I, Korzets Z, Zitman-Gal T, Einbinder Y, Benchetrit S. 2016. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection among Dialysis Patients. Isr Med Assoc J, 18(9): 557-560.
- D'Agata EM, Mount DB, Thayer V, Schaffner W. 2000. Hospitalacquired infection samong chronic hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis, 35: 1083-1088.
- Fernandez-Fresnedo G, Ramos MA, Gonzalez-Pardo MC, de Francisco AL, López-Hoyos M, Arias M. 2000. B lymphopenia in uremia is relatedto an accelerated in vitro apoptosis and dysregulation of Bcl-2. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 15: 502-510.
- Guo H, Liu J, Collins AJ, Foley RN. 2008. Pneumonia in incident dialysis patients – The United States renal data system. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 23: 680-686.
- Hussein MM, Mooij JM, Roujouleh H. 2003. Tuberculosis and chronic renal disease. Semin Dial, 16: 38-44.
- Inker LA, Astor BC, Fox CH, Isakova T, Lash JP, Peralta CA, Kurella Tamura M, Feldman HI. 2014. KDOQI US Commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of CKD. American J Kidney Disease, 63(5): 713-735.
- Judd E, Ahmed MI, Harms JC, Terry NL, Sonavane SK, Allon M. 2013. Pneumonia in hemodialysis patients: a challenging diagnosis in the emergency room. J Nephrol, 26(6): 1128-1135.
- Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, Muscedere J, Sweeney DA, Palmer LB, Napolitano LM, O'Grady NP, Bartlett JG, Carratalà J, El Solh AA, Ewig S, Fey PD, File TM Jr, Restrepo MI, Roberts JA, Waterer GW, Cruse P, Knight SL, Brozek JL. 2016. Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis, 63(5): 61-111.
- Kaye KS, Harris AD, Samore M, Carmeli Y. 2005. Thecase-casecontrolstudydesign: addressing the limitations of risk factor studies for antimicrobial resistance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 26: 346-351.
- Kimmel PL, Phillips TM, Simmens SJ, Peterson RA, Weihs KL, Alleyne S, Cruz I, Yanovski JA, Veis JH. 1998. Immunologic function and survival in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 54 236-244.
- Klote MM, Agodoa LY, Abbott KC. 2006. Risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in US chronic dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 21(11): 3287-3292.
- Kung K, Wong CK, Wong SY, Lam A, Chan CK, Griffiths S, Butler C. 2014. Patient presentation and physician management of upper respiratory tract infections: a retrospective review of over 5 million primary clinic consultations in Hong Kong. BMC Fam Prac, 15: 95.
- Lim WH, Kireta S, Leedham E, Russ GR, Coates PT. 2007. Uremia impairs monocyte and monocyte-derived dendritic cell function in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int, 72:1138–1148.
- Lu Y, Tong J, Pei F, Yang Y, Xu D, Ji M, Xing C, Jia P, Xu C, Wang Y, Li G, Chai Z, Liu Y, Han J. 2013. Viral Etiology in Adults with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Jinan, Northern China. Clin Dev Immunol, 869521.
- Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG. 2007. Infectious Diseases Society of America; American Thoracic Society. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis, 44(Suppl 2): 27-72.
- Naqvi SB, Collins AJ. 2006. Infectious complications in chronic kidney disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis, 13: 199.
- Öner Eyüpoglu F, Bacakoglu F. Türk toraks derneği erişkinlerde hastanede gelişen pnömoni tani ve tedavi uzlaşi raporu. www.toraks.org.tr (erişim tarihi. 01.09.2018).
- Rao T, Ram R, Swarnalatha G, SanthoshPai B, Ramesh V, Rao C, Naidu DG, Dakshinamurty KV. 2013. Tuberculosis in haemodialysis patients: A single centre experience. Indian J Nephrol, 23: 340-345.
- Sarnak MJ, Jaber BL. 2001.Pulmonary infectious mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease. Chest, 120: 1883-1887.
- Sasaki K, Yamaguchi S, Iwahashi E, Fujimoto T, Minami S, ve ark., 2014. Pneumonia in maintenance hemodialysis patients: detection rate of causative organisms in sputum varies with time of sampling and quality. Nihon Jinzo Gakkai Shi, 56(4): 524-31.
- Sester U, Sester M, Hauk M, Kaul H, Köhler H, Girndt M. 2000. Tcell activation follows Th1 rather than Th2 pattern in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 15: 1217-
1223.
- Sibbel S, Sato R, Hunt A, Turenne W, Brunelli SM. 2016. The clinical and economic burden of pneumonia in patients enrolled in Medicare receiving dialysis: a retrospective,
observational cohort study. BMC Nephrol, 17:199.
- Shindo Y, Sato S, Maruyama E, Ohashi T, Ogawa M, Hashimoto N, Imaizumi K, Sato T, Hasegawa Y. 2009. Health-care-associated pneumonia among hospitalized patients in a Japanese community hospital. Chest, 135: 633-40.
- Slinin Y, Foley RN, Collins AJ. 2006. Clinical epidemiology of pneumonia in hemodialysis patients: the USRDS waves 1, 3, and 4 study. Kidney Int, 70: 1135-1141.
- Süleymanlar G, Altıparmak MR, Seyahi N. 2017. Sağlık bakanliği ve türk nefroloji derneği ortak raporu. Ankara: Türk Nefroloji Derneği, http://www.nefroloji.org.tr (erişim tarihi 26.08.2018).
- Taskapan H, Utas C, Oymak FS, Gülmez I, Ozesmi M. 2000. The outcome of tuberculosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol, 54(2):134-137.
- Taylor SP, Taylor BT. 2013. Healthcare-associated pneumonia in haemodialysis patients: clinical outcomes in patients treated with narrow versus broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. Respirology, 18:364-368
- T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Tüberküloz Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi. ANKARA, 2011. 96. http://www.toraks.org.tr/uploadFiles/30102014133530-tuberkuloz_tani_ve_tedavi_rehberi.pdf (erişim tarihi: 01.09.2018).
- Teichtahl H, Buckmaster N, Pertnikovs E. 1997. Theincidence of respiratory tract infection in adults requiring hospitalization for asthma. Chest, 112: 591-596.
- Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, Cox N, Anderson LJ, Fukuda K. 2003. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA, 289: 179-186.
- Tuncel SÇ, Sayıner A. 2011. Sağlık bakımı ile ilişkili pnömoni ve toplum kökenli pnömoni tanıları ile hastanede yatan olguların karşılaştırılması. Tüberküloz Toraks Derg, 59(4): 348-354.
- EKMUD. 2016. Türkiye enfeksiyon hastaliklari ve klinik mikrobiyoloji uzmanlik derneği, 2016 Erişkin bağişiklama rehberi; 2. güncelleme. İstanbul: Gülmat Matbaacılık: 2016.
www.ekmud.org.tr/rehberler/1-ekmud-rehberleri (erişim tarihi. 01.09.2018).
- Uluyol S, Alp A, Kılıçaslan S, Gür MH. 2016. Nasal mucociliary clearance in chronic renal failure: comparision of pre-dialysis and dialysis stages. Tepecik Eğit Hast Derg, 26(3): 197-200.
- Uyeki TM. 2017. Influenza. Ann Intern Med, 167(5): ITC33-ITC48. Zuo M, Tang J, Xiang M, Long Q, Dai J, Hu X. 2018. Characteristics and factors associated with nosocomial pneumonia among patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT): A case-control study. Int J InfectDis, 68:115-121.